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Enfarte agudo do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST : Evolução dos fatores de risco
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| 1.25 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: O desenvolvimento de competências para o exercício da enfermagem especializada na área de Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crítica requer a aquisição de competências e o aferimento progressivo dos conhecimentos, permitindo a sua aplicação na prática baseada na evidência.
Objetivo: Apresentar as atividades realizadas e as competências adquiridas durante os estágios; analisar a evolução epidemiológica dos fatores de risco em doentes com EAM com elevação do segmento-ST (EAMcST) entre 2014 e 2024.
Métodos: Estudo, observacional, quantitativo e retrospetivo. A população em estudo foram todos os doentes com EAMcST atendidos numa Unidade Local de Saúde da região Norte de Portugal, no período compreendido entre 1 de janeiro de 2014 e 31 de dezembro de 2024. Os dados foram recolhidos pela consulta do processo clínico dos doentes.
Resultados: Amostra de 1420 doentes (65,45±13,07 anos de idade), predominantemente masculina (74,3%), com dislipidémia (63,4%), HTA (57,4%), hábitos tabágicos (44,9%), diabetes mellitus (26,6%) e obesidade (18,5%), estes fatores de risco e a história familiar de EAM apresentaram associações significativas com a idade e com o sexo (p<0,05), aumentado com a idade e mais prevalecentes nos homens.
Conclusão: Ao longo desta experiência prática, aprofundei os meus conhecimentos técnicos, melhorei a capacidade de tomar decisões rápidas e eficazes e aprimorei habilidades na relação terapêutica com o doente/família. O estudo confirmou que a dislipidémia e a HTA foram os fatores de risco mais prevalentes no período estudado, com aumento contínuo ao longo do tempo. Embora o tabagismo e a diabetes mellitus também evidenciem uma tendência crescente, essa evolução foi menos acentuada.
Palavras-chave: Enfarte Agudo do Miocárdio elevação do segmento-ST; Fatores de risco; Enfermagem Médico-cirúrgica.
Abstract Introduction: The development of competencies for the practice of specialized nursing in the field of Medical-Surgical Nursing and Nursing for the Critically Ill requires the acquisition of competencies and the progressive assessment of knowledge, allowing its application in evidence-based practice. Objective: To present the activities performed and the competencies acquired during the internships; to analyze the epidemiological evolution of risk factors in patients with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) between 2014 and 2024. Methods: Observational, quantitative, and retrospective study. The study population consisted of all patients with STEMI treated in a Local Health Unit in the North of Portugal, between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2024. Data were collected through consultation of the patients' medical records. Results: Sample of 1420 patients (65.45 ± 13.07 years of age), predominantly male (74.3%), with dyslipidemia (63.4%), hypertension (57.4%), smoking habits (44.9%), diabetes mellitus (26.6%), and obesity (18.5%). These risk factors, along with a family history of MI, showed significant associations with age and gender (p<0.05), increasing with age and being more prevalent in men. Conclusion: Throughout this practical experience, I deepened my technical knowledge, improved my ability to make quick and effective decisions, and enhanced my skills in the therapeutic relationship with the patient/family. The study confirmed that dyslipidemia and hypertension were the most prevalent risk factors during the studied period, with a continuous increase over time. Although smoking and diabetes mellitus also showed an increasing trend, this evolution was less pronounced. Keywords: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Risk Factors; Medical-Surgical Nursing.
Abstract Introduction: The development of competencies for the practice of specialized nursing in the field of Medical-Surgical Nursing and Nursing for the Critically Ill requires the acquisition of competencies and the progressive assessment of knowledge, allowing its application in evidence-based practice. Objective: To present the activities performed and the competencies acquired during the internships; to analyze the epidemiological evolution of risk factors in patients with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) between 2014 and 2024. Methods: Observational, quantitative, and retrospective study. The study population consisted of all patients with STEMI treated in a Local Health Unit in the North of Portugal, between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2024. Data were collected through consultation of the patients' medical records. Results: Sample of 1420 patients (65.45 ± 13.07 years of age), predominantly male (74.3%), with dyslipidemia (63.4%), hypertension (57.4%), smoking habits (44.9%), diabetes mellitus (26.6%), and obesity (18.5%). These risk factors, along with a family history of MI, showed significant associations with age and gender (p<0.05), increasing with age and being more prevalent in men. Conclusion: Throughout this practical experience, I deepened my technical knowledge, improved my ability to make quick and effective decisions, and enhanced my skills in the therapeutic relationship with the patient/family. The study confirmed that dyslipidemia and hypertension were the most prevalent risk factors during the studied period, with a continuous increase over time. Although smoking and diabetes mellitus also showed an increasing trend, this evolution was less pronounced. Keywords: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Risk Factors; Medical-Surgical Nursing.
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Competência profissional Enfarte do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST Enfermagem médico cirúrgica Fatores de risco Medical surgical nursing Professional competence Risk factors ST elevation myocardial infarction
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