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Introdução: A prestação de cuidados à pessoa em situação crítica exige competências diferenciadas, sustentadas numa prática baseada na evidência, na segurança e na qualidade dos cuidados. A formação em contextos clínicos especializados constitui um eixo fundamental no desenvolvimento do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica.
Objetivo: Caraterizar os contextos clínicos; refletir criticamente sobre a organização dos
cuidados de enfermagem à pessoa em situação crítica e apresentar os resultados de uma investigação sobre o perfil do utente com agudização clínica em unidades de cuidados continuados.
Métodos: Trabalho reflexivo e descritivo, baseado na análise crítica das experiências de estágio no Serviço de Urgência e no Serviço de Medicina Intensiva, complementado por revisão narrativa da literatura. Integra ainda um estudo observacional, retrospetivo e quantitativo, realizado numa Unidade de Cuidados Continuados de Média Duração e Reabilitação.
Resultados: Os dois contextos de estágio revelaram-se complementares no desenvolvimento de competências especializadas relacionadas com a tomada de decisão, gestão de cuidados e segurança do doente. Na investigação, os utentes apresentaram elevada complexidade clínica e funcional. As agudizações associaram-se ao sexo masculino, elevado risco de lesão por pressão, desorientação, dependência funcional e presença de doença respiratória crónica e doença oncológica.
Conclusão: Os diferentes contextos formativos assumem um papel complementar na construção do perfil do Enfermeiro Especialista, promovendo uma prática segura, humanizada e centrada na pessoa em situação crítica.
Palavras-chave: Enfermagem médico-cirúrgica; Pessoa em situação crítica; Cuidados intensivos; Serviço de urgência; Serviço de Medicina Intensiva;
Abstract: Introduction: Caring for critically ill patients requires advanced competencies supported by evidence-based practice, patient safety, and quality of care. Training in specialised clinical settings constitutes a fundamental component in the development of the Specialist Nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing. Objective: To characterise the clinical internship settings, critically reflect on the organisation of nursing care provided to critically ill patients, and present the results of a study on the profile of patients experiencing clinical deterioration in a continuing care unit. Methods: This reflective and descriptive work is based on the critical analysis of internship experiences in the Emergency Department and the Intensive Care Unit, complemented by a narrative literature review. It also includes an observational, retrospective, and quantitative study conducted in a Medium-Term and Rehabilitation Continuing Care Unit. Results: Both clinical settings proved to be complementary in developing specialised competencies related to decision-making, care management, and patient safety. The research component showed that patients presented high clinical and functional complexity. Clinical deterioration was associated with male sex, high risk of pressure injury, disorientation, functional dependence, and the presence of chronic respiratory disease and oncological disease. Conclusion: The training settings and the research study contributed to the consolidation of specialised competencies and reinforced the importance of early identification of clinical deterioration and the implementation of preventive interventions targeted at the most vulnerable patients. Keywords: Medical-surgical nursing; Critically ill patient; Intensive care; Emergency department; Integrated continuing care; Clinical deterioration.
Abstract: Introduction: Caring for critically ill patients requires advanced competencies supported by evidence-based practice, patient safety, and quality of care. Training in specialised clinical settings constitutes a fundamental component in the development of the Specialist Nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing. Objective: To characterise the clinical internship settings, critically reflect on the organisation of nursing care provided to critically ill patients, and present the results of a study on the profile of patients experiencing clinical deterioration in a continuing care unit. Methods: This reflective and descriptive work is based on the critical analysis of internship experiences in the Emergency Department and the Intensive Care Unit, complemented by a narrative literature review. It also includes an observational, retrospective, and quantitative study conducted in a Medium-Term and Rehabilitation Continuing Care Unit. Results: Both clinical settings proved to be complementary in developing specialised competencies related to decision-making, care management, and patient safety. The research component showed that patients presented high clinical and functional complexity. Clinical deterioration was associated with male sex, high risk of pressure injury, disorientation, functional dependence, and the presence of chronic respiratory disease and oncological disease. Conclusion: The training settings and the research study contributed to the consolidation of specialised competencies and reinforced the importance of early identification of clinical deterioration and the implementation of preventive interventions targeted at the most vulnerable patients. Keywords: Medical-surgical nursing; Critically ill patient; Intensive care; Emergency department; Integrated continuing care; Clinical deterioration.
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Palavras-chave
Continuidade de cuidados ao doente Doença aguda Enfermagem médico cirúrgica Prestação integrada de cuidados de saúde Segurança do paciente Serviço de urgência hospitalar Unidades de cuidados intensivos Acute disease Continuity of patient care Delivery of health care integrated Emergency service hospital Intensive care units Medical surgical nursing Patient safety
