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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: As doenças cardiovasculares são a primeira causa de morte, em ambos os
sexos, nos países desenvolvidos, não sendo Portugal exceção. São um problema de saúde
pública que urge minorar. Os fatores de risco, conhecidos como causas que aumentam a
probabilidade de ocorrência de um determinado evento, antecedem em vários anos as doenças
cardiovasculares. Destacam-se a diabetes, o excesso de peso, a obesidade, o sedentarismo, o
tabagismo, as dislipidémias, a hipertensão arterial, a idade, o sexo, entre outros.
Objetivo: Determinar a existência de fatores de risco cardiovascular numa amostra de pessoas
assintomáticas do distrito de Viseu.
Métodos: O estudo descritivo e transversal foi realizado numa amostra não probabilística,
constituída por 1148 pessoas. O perfil sociodemográfico revelou tratar-se de indivíduos
maioritariamente do sexo feminino (57.8%), com cerca de 37 anos e possuindo o ensino
secundário (27.4%). O instrumento de colheita de dados sob a forma de Questionário de Risco
Cardiovascular permitiu colher dados relativos à caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica,
designadamente pressão arterial, glicémia capilar, peso, altura, IMC e perímetro abdominal.
Resultados: Constatou-se que 27.6% dos participantes eram hipertensos; 59.3%
apresentavam excesso de peso; 1.2% tinham valores de hiperglicemia capilar e 20,0% eram
fumadores. A presença de risco cardiovascular foi identificada em 90,6%, sendo que 32.6%
revelaram alto risco cardiovascular e 25.3% moderado risco; os homens apresentavam maior
risco de vir a desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares quando comparados com as mulheres
(48.9% vs 20.3%). O risco cardiovascular revelou-se mais elevado nos participantes com
baixa escolaridade e nos mais velhos. O risco aumenta quando o IMC, a pressão arterial
sistólica e diastólica, o valor da glicémia capilar e o perímetro abdominal aumentavam.
Conclusão: As evidências encontradas sustentam a necessidade dum investimento na
prevenção da doença cardiovascular que deve ser orientado numa abordagem global dos
fatores de risco, estabelecendo plataformas comuns entre os cuidados primários e
diferenciados, harmonizando estratégias e procedimentos, encarando a prevenção como uma
tarefa de todos; governo, sociedades científicas, comunicação social, profissionais de saúde,
com responsabilidade do indivíduo. A utilização de escalas de estratificação do risco
cardiovascular é essencial, contribuindo para dar suporte a decisões terapêuticas assentes na
evidência científica.
Palavras-chave: Fatores de Risco Cardiovascular; Estratificação; Pessoas Assintomáticas.
ABSTRACT Context: The cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death, in either genders, in the developed countries, Portugal not being an exception. They are a problem of public health, which urges to be minored. The risk factors, known as causes of increasing the probability of occurrence of a determined happening, precede the cardiovascular diseases for several years. Diabetes, overweight, obesity, sedentariness, smoking, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, age, sex, among others, can be stressed. Objective: To determinate the existence of cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of asymptomatic people in the district of Viseu. Methods: The transversal descriptive study was realized in a non-probabilistic sample, represented by 1148 people. The socio-demographic profile revealed to be composed mainly of the female sex (57.8%), having about 37 years and secondary studies (27.4%). The instrument of the data sample, used in the form of a Cardiovascular Risk Questionnaire, permitted to gather data related with the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, namely the arterial hypertension, capillary glycemia, weight and abdominal perimeter. Results: It was evidenced that 27.6% of the participants were hypertensious; 59.3% presented overweight; 1.2% had capillary hyperglycemia and 20.0% were smokers. The presence of cardiovascular risk was identified in 90.6%, being that 32.6% revealed high cardiovascular risk and 25.3% moderate risk; men presented higher risk of developing cardiac diseases when compared with women (48.9% vs 20.3%). The cardiovascular risk revealed to be higher among the participants with low studies and among the elderly people. The risk increases when the BMI, the systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, the values of capillary glycemia and the abdominal perimeter increased. Conclusion: The evidences found sustain the necessity of an investment in the prevention of the cardiovascular disease, which must be oriented in a global approach of risk factors, establishing common platforms between primary and differentiate cares, harmonizing strategies and proceedings, facing the prevention as an everybody’s task: government, scientific societies, media, health professionals, with the responsibility of the individual. The use of the cardiovascular stratification risk scale is essential, contributing in order to give support to therapeutical decisions based on scientific evidence. Keywords: Cardiovascular risk factors; Stratification; Asymptomatic people.
ABSTRACT Context: The cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death, in either genders, in the developed countries, Portugal not being an exception. They are a problem of public health, which urges to be minored. The risk factors, known as causes of increasing the probability of occurrence of a determined happening, precede the cardiovascular diseases for several years. Diabetes, overweight, obesity, sedentariness, smoking, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, age, sex, among others, can be stressed. Objective: To determinate the existence of cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of asymptomatic people in the district of Viseu. Methods: The transversal descriptive study was realized in a non-probabilistic sample, represented by 1148 people. The socio-demographic profile revealed to be composed mainly of the female sex (57.8%), having about 37 years and secondary studies (27.4%). The instrument of the data sample, used in the form of a Cardiovascular Risk Questionnaire, permitted to gather data related with the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, namely the arterial hypertension, capillary glycemia, weight and abdominal perimeter. Results: It was evidenced that 27.6% of the participants were hypertensious; 59.3% presented overweight; 1.2% had capillary hyperglycemia and 20.0% were smokers. The presence of cardiovascular risk was identified in 90.6%, being that 32.6% revealed high cardiovascular risk and 25.3% moderate risk; men presented higher risk of developing cardiac diseases when compared with women (48.9% vs 20.3%). The cardiovascular risk revealed to be higher among the participants with low studies and among the elderly people. The risk increases when the BMI, the systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, the values of capillary glycemia and the abdominal perimeter increased. Conclusion: The evidences found sustain the necessity of an investment in the prevention of the cardiovascular disease, which must be oriented in a global approach of risk factors, establishing common platforms between primary and differentiate cares, harmonizing strategies and proceedings, facing the prevention as an everybody’s task: government, scientific societies, media, health professionals, with the responsibility of the individual. The use of the cardiovascular stratification risk scale is essential, contributing in order to give support to therapeutical decisions based on scientific evidence. Keywords: Cardiovascular risk factors; Stratification; Asymptomatic people.
Description
Keywords
Doenças cardiovasculares Factores de risco Portugal Viseu Cardiovascular diseases Risk factors
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu