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Introdução: Este relatório reflete o percurso do estágio final, as atividades realizadas e as competências específicas adquiridas em Enfermagem Comunitária, assim como o desenvolvimento de um estudo de investigação. O envelhecimento demográfico é hoje uma realidade que apresenta novos desafios aos governos e à sociedade e que faz emergir necessidades em saúde. As quedas em idosos são consideradas um problema de saúde pública, pela prevalência e consequências. Assim, pretendemos determinar a prevalência de quedas no domicílio em idosos inscritos em Centros de Dia do concelho de Tondela; avaliar o risco de queda no domicílio em idosos e identificar fatores associados às quedas.
Métodos: Realizámos um estudo transversal analítico com uma amostra de 86 idosos, sendo a maioria do género feminino e com uma média de idade de 81,96%±6,62 anos. Os dados foram colhidos através de um inquérito online, aplicado pela equipa de investigação após aprovação pela Comissão de Ética e autorização pelas instituições. O instrumento de recolha de dados é constituído por variáveis referentes à caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, pelo teste TimedUp&Go (TUG), pela Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg e pela Escala de Caracterização da Habitação. Os dados foram tratados através do Programa estatístico IBM SPSS.
Resultados: Cerca de 86,0% dos idosos referiram que já tiveram uma queda no domicílio, dos quais a maioria (52,3%) mencionou que esta ocorreu nos últimos 12 meses. O maior número de quedas verificou-se na rua, cozinha e escadas. Os principais motivos de queda foram o tropeçar (68,9%), as escadas (15,6%) e queda da cama (4,4%). A maioria dos idosos apresentou risco de queda e os instrumentos BERG e TUG apresentaram uma correlação negativa entre eles (p<0,001, r = -0,859). A idade associou-se com o risco de queda (65-80 anos maior risco de queda na cozinha), os idosos que utilizam dispositivos de apoio à marcha apresentam um risco superior de queda na sala de jantar e em instalações sanitárias.
Conclusões: Mais de metade dos idosos teve uma queda nos últimos 12 meses e menos de um quinto dos idosos avaliados é que referiu nunca ter caído. Os locais de principal queda nos últimos 12 meses foram a rua / fora de casa, a cozinha e as escadas. De acordo com o teste TUG a maioria dos idosos apresentou algum / moderado risco de queda. O risco de queda não se associou com o género. A idade e o uso de dispositivo de marcha associaram-se com o risco de queda em algumas divisões da casa e com o tempo em TUG. Os idosos com risco de queda segundo a escala de BERG apresentam um menor risco de queda no quintal e um alto risco de queda na sala de estar.
Palavras-Chave: Acidentes por Quedas; Idoso; Enfermagem Comunitária
Abstract Introduction: This report reflects the course of the final internship, the activities carried out and the specific skills acquired in Community Nursing, as well as the development of a research study. Demographic aging is today a reality that presents new challenges to governments and society and which gives rise to health needs. Falls in the elderly are considered a public health problem, due to their prevalence and consequences. Therefore, we intend to determine the prevalence of falls at home in elderly people enrolled in Day Care Centers in the municipality of Tondela; assess the risk of falling at home in the elderly and identify factors associated with falls. Methods: We carried out an analytical cross-sectional study with a sample of 86 elderly people, the majority of whom were female and with an average age of 81.96%±6.62 years. Data were collected through an online survey, applied by the research team after approval by the Ethics Committee and authorization by the institutions. The data collection instrument consists of variables relating to sociodemographic and clinical characterization, the TimedUp&Go (TUG) test, the Berg Balance Scale and the Housing Characterization Scale. The data were processed using the IBM SPSS statistical program. Results: Around 86.0% of the elderly reported that they had already had a fall at home, of which the majority (52.3%) mentioned that this occurred in the last 12 months. The highest number of falls occurred in the street, kitchen and stairs. The main reasons for falls were tripping (68.9%), stairs (15.6%) and falling from bed (4.4%). The majority of elderly people were at risk of falling and the BERG and TUG instruments showed a negative correlation between them (p<0.001, r = -0.859). Age was associated with the risk of falling (65-80 years old has a higher risk of falling in the kitchen), elderly people who use walking support devices have a higher risk of falling in the dining room and in bathrooms. Conclusions: More than half of the elderly had a fall in the last 12 months and less than a fifth of the elderly assessed reported never having fallen. The main places of decline in the last 12 months were the street/outside the house, the kitchen and stairs. According to the TUG test, most elderly people have some/moderate risk of falling. The risk of falling was not associated with gender. Age and use of a walking device were associated with the risk of falling in some rooms of the house and with time in TUG. Elderly people at risk of falling according to the BERG scale have a lower risk of falling in the backyard and a high risk of falling in the living room. Keywords: Fall Accidents; Elderly; Community Nursing
Abstract Introduction: This report reflects the course of the final internship, the activities carried out and the specific skills acquired in Community Nursing, as well as the development of a research study. Demographic aging is today a reality that presents new challenges to governments and society and which gives rise to health needs. Falls in the elderly are considered a public health problem, due to their prevalence and consequences. Therefore, we intend to determine the prevalence of falls at home in elderly people enrolled in Day Care Centers in the municipality of Tondela; assess the risk of falling at home in the elderly and identify factors associated with falls. Methods: We carried out an analytical cross-sectional study with a sample of 86 elderly people, the majority of whom were female and with an average age of 81.96%±6.62 years. Data were collected through an online survey, applied by the research team after approval by the Ethics Committee and authorization by the institutions. The data collection instrument consists of variables relating to sociodemographic and clinical characterization, the TimedUp&Go (TUG) test, the Berg Balance Scale and the Housing Characterization Scale. The data were processed using the IBM SPSS statistical program. Results: Around 86.0% of the elderly reported that they had already had a fall at home, of which the majority (52.3%) mentioned that this occurred in the last 12 months. The highest number of falls occurred in the street, kitchen and stairs. The main reasons for falls were tripping (68.9%), stairs (15.6%) and falling from bed (4.4%). The majority of elderly people were at risk of falling and the BERG and TUG instruments showed a negative correlation between them (p<0.001, r = -0.859). Age was associated with the risk of falling (65-80 years old has a higher risk of falling in the kitchen), elderly people who use walking support devices have a higher risk of falling in the dining room and in bathrooms. Conclusions: More than half of the elderly had a fall in the last 12 months and less than a fifth of the elderly assessed reported never having fallen. The main places of decline in the last 12 months were the street/outside the house, the kitchen and stairs. According to the TUG test, most elderly people have some/moderate risk of falling. The risk of falling was not associated with gender. Age and use of a walking device were associated with the risk of falling in some rooms of the house and with time in TUG. Elderly people at risk of falling according to the BERG scale have a lower risk of falling in the backyard and a high risk of falling in the living room. Keywords: Fall Accidents; Elderly; Community Nursing
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Keywords
Acidentes por quedas Avaliação de risco Centros de dia para adultos Competência profissional Educação para a saúde Enfermagem de saúde comunitária Envelhecimento Fatores de risco Idoso Accidental falls Adult day care centers Aged Aging Community health nursing Heath education Professional competence Risk assessment Risk factors