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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: A prática exclusiva do aleitamento materno até aos seis meses de
vida é uma recomendação da OMS e UNICEF. No sucesso da lactação, os profissionais de
saúde, nomeadamente os enfermeiros, têm um papel especialmente importante como
elementos de incentivo e manutenção desta prática. Contudo, o seu abandono precoce é
uma realidade, sendo influenciado por vários factores, nomeadamente a falta de
conhecimentos, a falta de apoio na amamentação, os contextos pessoais de amamentação
e a formação neste âmbito.
Objetivo: Analisar a influência que as variáveis de contexto sociodemográfico,
profissional e obstétrico, têm nos conhecimentos dos enfermeiros sobre aleitamento
materno.
Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de natureza quantitativa, não experimental,
transversal e descritivo–correlacional. O protocolo de avaliação é o questionário,
autoadministrado, a uma amostra não probabilística de 374 enfermeiros, a exercerem
funções em serviços hospitalares e cuidados de saúde primários na área da saúde maternoinfantil.
O questionário está dividido em quatro partes e permite fazer a caracterização
sociodemográfica, profissional e obstétrica e a escala relativa aos conhecimentos sobre
aleitamento materno, construída e validada neste estudo para o efeito.
Resultados: O estado civil, a residência, o tempo de exercício profissional na área
materno-infantil não influenciam os conhecimentos sobre aleitamento. A idade influencia a
globalidade dos conhecimentos e os cuidados e condições maternas. As enfermeiras têm
mais conhecimentos relativos aos cuidados e condições maternas. O maior grau académico
influencia a globalidade dos conhecimentos, assim como os cuidados e condições maternas.
Os enfermeiros especialistas apresentam diferenças significativas em todos os domínios, à
exceção dos aspetos das propriedades da amamentação. Os ESMO, os que trabalham em
contexto hospitalar, os que realizaram formação e a condição de conselheiro implicam
maiores conhecimentos, com diferenças significativas, em todos os domínios. Os
enfermeiros com menos tempo de exercício profissional possuem maiores conhecimentos
nos cuidados e condições maternas e propriedades da amamentação. A condição de
formador revela diferenças estatísticas significativas para os conhecimentos globais,
cuidados e condições maternas e procedimentos técnicos. O facto de terem filhos influencia
os procedimentos técnicos, a prática pessoal de aleitamento influencia os conhecimentos
globais, os cuidados e condições maternas e propriedades da amamentação.
Conclusão: Este estudo leva-nos a pensar na obrigatoriedade da formação contínua
na área do aleitamento materno, no sentido de uniformizar procedimentos e informações à
mulher lactante.
Palavras-chave: Aleitamento materno, Conhecimentos, Enfermeiros.
ABSTRACT Background: OMS and UNICEF recommend the exclusive practice of breastfeeding till the six months of life. To the success of lactation, the professionals of health, specially nurses, have an important role to encourage and maintain this practice. However, people usually stop doing it in an early stage, due to several factors, particularly because of the lack of knowledge, lack of support during breastfeeding, personal context and training in this area. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the influence that the several socio-demographic, professional and obstetric variables have in the nurses knowledge about breastfeeding. Methods: It is a quantitative, non experimental, transversal and descriptivecorrelational study. The protocol of evaluation is a questionnaire, self-administered, a non-probabilistic sample of 374 nurses, in the work practice of hospital services and primary health care in the area of maternal and child health. The questionnaire is divided in four parts and it allows not only the socio-demographic, professional and obstetric characterization but also the scale of knowledge about breastfeeding, constructed and validated in this study. Results: The marital status, the address, the profession time in the maternal and child health don’t affect the knowledge about breastfeeding. The age affects the whole of knowledge and the care and maternal conditions. Nurses have more knowledge in what respects the care and the maternal conditions. The major degree affects not only the whole of knowledge, but also the care and maternal conditions. Specialized nurses have differences in several domains, except the priorities of breastfeeding. Midwives, nurses working in hospital, the ones who have training and advice conditions have more knowledge, with several differences in every domains. Nurses with less work time have more knowledge in care and maternal conditions as well as breastfeeding properties. The training state reveals not only meaningful statistic differences to the global knowledge, care and maternal conditions, but also technical procedures. The fact of having children of their own, influences the technical procedures, the personal practices of breastfeeding influences the global knowledge, the care and maternal conditions and proprieties of breastfeeding. Conclusion: This study makes us thinking on the obligement of continuous training in the area of breastfeeding in order to standardize and inform women. Keywords: Breastfeeding, Knowledge, Nurses.
ABSTRACT Background: OMS and UNICEF recommend the exclusive practice of breastfeeding till the six months of life. To the success of lactation, the professionals of health, specially nurses, have an important role to encourage and maintain this practice. However, people usually stop doing it in an early stage, due to several factors, particularly because of the lack of knowledge, lack of support during breastfeeding, personal context and training in this area. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the influence that the several socio-demographic, professional and obstetric variables have in the nurses knowledge about breastfeeding. Methods: It is a quantitative, non experimental, transversal and descriptivecorrelational study. The protocol of evaluation is a questionnaire, self-administered, a non-probabilistic sample of 374 nurses, in the work practice of hospital services and primary health care in the area of maternal and child health. The questionnaire is divided in four parts and it allows not only the socio-demographic, professional and obstetric characterization but also the scale of knowledge about breastfeeding, constructed and validated in this study. Results: The marital status, the address, the profession time in the maternal and child health don’t affect the knowledge about breastfeeding. The age affects the whole of knowledge and the care and maternal conditions. Nurses have more knowledge in what respects the care and the maternal conditions. The major degree affects not only the whole of knowledge, but also the care and maternal conditions. Specialized nurses have differences in several domains, except the priorities of breastfeeding. Midwives, nurses working in hospital, the ones who have training and advice conditions have more knowledge, with several differences in every domains. Nurses with less work time have more knowledge in care and maternal conditions as well as breastfeeding properties. The training state reveals not only meaningful statistic differences to the global knowledge, care and maternal conditions, but also technical procedures. The fact of having children of their own, influences the technical procedures, the personal practices of breastfeeding influences the global knowledge, the care and maternal conditions and proprieties of breastfeeding. Conclusion: This study makes us thinking on the obligement of continuous training in the area of breastfeeding in order to standardize and inform women. Keywords: Breastfeeding, Knowledge, Nurses.
Description
Keywords
Aleitamento materno Conhecimentos, atitudes e prática em saúde Enfermagem materno-infantil Enfermagem obstétrica Enfermeiros Psicometria Breast feeding Health knowledge, attitudes, practice Maternal-child nursing Nurses Obstetric nursing Psychometrics
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Viseu. Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu