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Publication
Qualidade do Ar Interior em Estabelecimentos de Ensino no Douro Sul
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A investigação sobre a Qualidade do Ar Interior (QAI) é uma questão fundamental, pois
atualmente as pessoas passam cerca de 90% do seu dia em ambientes interiores. Também as
crianças, passam grande parte do seu dia em ambientes fechados, concretamente nos
estabelecimentos de ensino, pelo que é fundamental caraterizar a contaminação existente nesses
espaços, os diversos poluentes e a relação entre os predominantes no meio envolvente e no
interior das escolas.
Esta dissertação resulta da análise da QAI e parâmetros de conforto, concretamente, a
Temperatura, Humidade Relativa, CO2, NO2, PM10 e PM2,5, medidos em espaços de
estabelecimentos de ensino, localizados em municípios do interior norte de Portugal.
Foram estudados sete edifícios correspondendo a dezoito espaços monitorizados, tendo-se
observado que, em todas as salas de aula, a concentração de CO2 apresentou valores superiores
ao limiar de proteção definido no Regulamento de Desempenho Energético dos Edifícios de
Comércio e Serviços. Verificando-se uma relação direta da sua concentração de CO2 com a
presença dos alunos no interior dos espaços, aumentando ao longo do período de permanência
no interior, não se verificando, na maior parte das salas estudadas, o efeito da ventilação (natural
ou forçada) no decréscimo da mesma durante os períodos de permanência, mas apenas nas
interrupções. Também se observou uma relação direta da temperatura interior com a
temperatura ambiente do exterior.
Foi também analisada a qualidade do ar ambiente tendo-se verificado que a qualidade do ar
junto dos estabelecimentos de ensino, foi boa o que permitiria uma renovação do ar interior
com o ar exterior sem afetar a qualidade do ar interior com poluentes atmosféricos provenientes
de fontes exteriores, concretamente, NO2, O3, PM10 e PM2,5.
Esta investigação alerta para o mau estado de manutenção dos sistemas de climatização dos
estabelecimentos de ensino, assim como para uma inadequada ventilação dos espaços
interiores. Salientando também, que nos estabelecimentos escolares que se localizam em áreas
com as características da área estudada, em que se verifica normalmente uma qualidade do ar
exterior boa, a renovação com ar ambiente exterior pode ser realizado sem a necessidade do
tratamento do ar exterior. Estas ações, bem como a criação de espaços com um
dimensionamento adequado, são fundamentais para a criação de ambientes saudáveis, que
promovam a saúde e o bem-estar dos ocupantes.
Research into Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is a fundamental issue, as people currently spend around 90% of their day indoors. Children also spend a large part of their day indoors, specifically in educational establishments, so it is essential to characterize the existing contamination in these spaces, the various pollutants and the relationship between those prevalent in the environment and inside schools. This dissertation is the result of an analysis of IAQ and comfort parameters, specifically temperature, relative humidity, CO2, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5, measured in educational establishments located in municipalities in the north of Portugal. Seven buildings were studied, corresponding to eighteen monitored spaces, and it was observed that in all classrooms the CO2 concentration was higher than the protection threshold defined in the Energy Performance Regulations for Commercial and Service Buildings. There was a direct relationship between the concentration of CO2 and the presence of students inside the rooms, which increased over the period of time they were inside. In most of the rooms studied, there was no effect of ventilation (natural or forced) on the decrease in CO2 concentration during periods of permanence, but only during interruptions. There was also a direct relationship between the indoor temperature and the ambient temperature outside. The ambient air quality was also analyzed and it was found that the air quality near the educational establishments was good, which would allow the indoor air to be renewed with the outdoor air without affecting the indoor air quality with atmospheric pollutants from outside sources, specifically NO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5. This research highlights the poor state of maintenance of the air conditioning systems in educational establishments, as well as inadequate ventilation of indoor spaces. It should also be pointed out that in schools located in areas with the characteristics of the area studied, where there is normally good outdoor air quality, renovation with outdoor air can be carried out without the need for outdoor air treatment. These actions, as well as the creation of appropriately sized spaces, are fundamental to creating healthy environments that promote the health and well-being of the occupants.
Research into Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is a fundamental issue, as people currently spend around 90% of their day indoors. Children also spend a large part of their day indoors, specifically in educational establishments, so it is essential to characterize the existing contamination in these spaces, the various pollutants and the relationship between those prevalent in the environment and inside schools. This dissertation is the result of an analysis of IAQ and comfort parameters, specifically temperature, relative humidity, CO2, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5, measured in educational establishments located in municipalities in the north of Portugal. Seven buildings were studied, corresponding to eighteen monitored spaces, and it was observed that in all classrooms the CO2 concentration was higher than the protection threshold defined in the Energy Performance Regulations for Commercial and Service Buildings. There was a direct relationship between the concentration of CO2 and the presence of students inside the rooms, which increased over the period of time they were inside. In most of the rooms studied, there was no effect of ventilation (natural or forced) on the decrease in CO2 concentration during periods of permanence, but only during interruptions. There was also a direct relationship between the indoor temperature and the ambient temperature outside. The ambient air quality was also analyzed and it was found that the air quality near the educational establishments was good, which would allow the indoor air to be renewed with the outdoor air without affecting the indoor air quality with atmospheric pollutants from outside sources, specifically NO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5. This research highlights the poor state of maintenance of the air conditioning systems in educational establishments, as well as inadequate ventilation of indoor spaces. It should also be pointed out that in schools located in areas with the characteristics of the area studied, where there is normally good outdoor air quality, renovation with outdoor air can be carried out without the need for outdoor air treatment. These actions, as well as the creation of appropriately sized spaces, are fundamental to creating healthy environments that promote the health and well-being of the occupants.
Description
Keywords
Qualidade do Ar Interior Estabelecimentos de Ensino Norte de Portugal e Poluentes Atmosféricos Indoor Air Quality Educational Establishments Northern Portugal and Atmospheric Pollutants