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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Na sequência dos compromissos assumidos no âmbito do Protocolo de Quioto, a União
Europeia (UE) definiu um conjunto de metas a atingir até 2020, denominada Estratégia
20/20/20. Relativamente aos valores de 1990, reduzir em 20% as emissões de gases de efeito
de estufa; promover o aumento da exploração de fontes de energia renovável por forma a
alcançar 20% de geração de energia primária e reduzir em 20% o consumo global de energia
com recurso à melhoria da eficiência energética. Em Portugal no que respeita às melhorias da
eficiência energética no setor elétrico, foi lançado em 2006 pela ERSE (Entidade Reguladora
dos Serviços Energéticos) o PPEC (Plano de Promoção da Eficiência no Consumo de Energia
Elétrica). Este tem por missão promover a implementação de medidas com tecnologias de
maior eficiência energética, economicamente viáveis e que conduzam a ganhos em poupança
e redução de emissões. No PPEC de 2013 foi descontinuado o financiamento às lâmpadas
fluorescentes compactas e o plano incide agora na substituição de sistemas de iluminação
pouco eficientes por tecnologia LED (Light Emitting Diode).
Esta dissertação enquadra-se neste contexto, expondo a comparação do desempenho técnico e
económico das várias soluções (lâmpadas, luminárias e sistemas de controlo), com o objetivo
de tornar a iluminação pública mais eficiente.
A iluminação LED caracteriza-se por uma redução de consumos e maior tempo de vida útil,
que se traduzem numa redução de emissões de CO2 e dos custos de manutenção e maior
facilidade de variação do fluxo luminoso. A desvantagem desta tecnologia é o seu custo mais
elevado e a necessidade de alimentação em DC.
As metodologias investigadas foram aplicadas a um caso de estudo num sistema de
iluminação pública (IP) na Avenida do Povo, em Viseu, com cerca de 1000 metros de
extensão e um total de 38 postes com 62 lâmpadas. Cada ponto de iluminação tem atualmente
instalado uma lâmpada de vapor de Sódio de alta pressão de 250 W com controlo ON/OFF
realizado por relógio astronómico.
Com base na instalação de IP existente é efetuado o estudo luminotécnico e o de viabilidade
técnica e económica para a escolha de um sistema de iluminação alternativo que seja mais
eficiente que o atual. É assim confrontado o desempenho económico e ambiental de sete
soluções alternativas. Seis delas com base em tecnologia LED e uma mais simples, assente na
redução da potência das lâmpadas com a tecnologia atualmente instalada. A solução
ganhadora para os 30 anos de investimento é a luminária Schréder, modelo Ampera com
dimming, que passará a consumir anualmente 9.499 kWh (16,8% do consumo da situação
atual) e uma redução de 6,35 Ton. no CO2 emitido. A solução assente na redução da potência
para 150W das lâmpadas com a tecnologia atual não pode ser descurada, pois garante os
níveis luminotécnicos impostos pela norma EN 13201 e obtém um bom resultado económico.
ABSTRACT: In the sequence of the commitments under the Quioto Protocol, the European Union (EU) has defined a set of goals to be achieved by 2020, called Strategy 20/20/20. Regarding the 1990 data, 20% reduction in greenhouse gases emissions; promote increased penetration of renewable energy in order to achieve 20% of primary energy with alternative sources and 20% reduction in the overall energy consumption with best energy efficiency. In Portugal, regarding to energy efficiency improvements and for the electricity sector, was launched in 2006 by ERSE (Entidade Reguladora dos Serviços Energéticos) the PPEC (Plano de Promoção da Eficiência no Consumo de Energia Elétrica). This plan as the goal to promote the installation of more efficiency technologies and economically viable leading to gains in energy savings and emissions reduction. In the latter PPEC, the funding for CFLs (Compact Fluorescent Lamps) has been cut and now the program focuses in the replacement of inefficient lighting systems by LED (Light Emitting Diode) and adopting intelligent lighting systems. This dissertation fits in this context, exposing the technical and economic characterization of several solutions of a functional set (lamps, luminaires and control systems), in order to make public lighting more efficient. The advantages of LED lighting are vast: consumption reducing, longer lifetime which means a reduction of interventions and maintenance costs, variation capacity of the luminous flux and the CO2 emissions reduction. The disadvantage of this technology is the need for power in DC. The methodologies researched were applied to a case study in a public lighting system in the Avenida do Povo, in Viseu, with about 1000 meters long and a total of 38 lampposts with 62 lights. Each illumination point has currently installed a 250W high pressure Sodium lamp with ON/OFF control performed by an astronomical clock. Based on the existing public lighting installation a lighting study is performed and the technical and economic feasibility for the choice of an alternative lighting system that is more efficient than the current one. Then the economic and environmental performances of seven alternative solutions are confronted to choose the best. Six of them are based on LED technology and one on the reducing of power with current installed lamp technology. The winner solution to 30 years of investment is the luminaire Schréder Ampera model with dimming which consume 9.499 kWh annually (16.8% consumption of current solution) and a reduction of 6,35 Ton. in CO2 emissions. The solution based on reducing the power to 150 W lamps with current technology can’t be neglected it ensures the lightings levels required by EN 13201 and get a good economic result.
ABSTRACT: In the sequence of the commitments under the Quioto Protocol, the European Union (EU) has defined a set of goals to be achieved by 2020, called Strategy 20/20/20. Regarding the 1990 data, 20% reduction in greenhouse gases emissions; promote increased penetration of renewable energy in order to achieve 20% of primary energy with alternative sources and 20% reduction in the overall energy consumption with best energy efficiency. In Portugal, regarding to energy efficiency improvements and for the electricity sector, was launched in 2006 by ERSE (Entidade Reguladora dos Serviços Energéticos) the PPEC (Plano de Promoção da Eficiência no Consumo de Energia Elétrica). This plan as the goal to promote the installation of more efficiency technologies and economically viable leading to gains in energy savings and emissions reduction. In the latter PPEC, the funding for CFLs (Compact Fluorescent Lamps) has been cut and now the program focuses in the replacement of inefficient lighting systems by LED (Light Emitting Diode) and adopting intelligent lighting systems. This dissertation fits in this context, exposing the technical and economic characterization of several solutions of a functional set (lamps, luminaires and control systems), in order to make public lighting more efficient. The advantages of LED lighting are vast: consumption reducing, longer lifetime which means a reduction of interventions and maintenance costs, variation capacity of the luminous flux and the CO2 emissions reduction. The disadvantage of this technology is the need for power in DC. The methodologies researched were applied to a case study in a public lighting system in the Avenida do Povo, in Viseu, with about 1000 meters long and a total of 38 lampposts with 62 lights. Each illumination point has currently installed a 250W high pressure Sodium lamp with ON/OFF control performed by an astronomical clock. Based on the existing public lighting installation a lighting study is performed and the technical and economic feasibility for the choice of an alternative lighting system that is more efficient than the current one. Then the economic and environmental performances of seven alternative solutions are confronted to choose the best. Six of them are based on LED technology and one on the reducing of power with current installed lamp technology. The winner solution to 30 years of investment is the luminaire Schréder Ampera model with dimming which consume 9.499 kWh annually (16.8% consumption of current solution) and a reduction of 6,35 Ton. in CO2 emissions. The solution based on reducing the power to 150 W lamps with current technology can’t be neglected it ensures the lightings levels required by EN 13201 and get a good economic result.
Description
Keywords
Eficiência energética Iluminação inteligente Estudo de viabilidade técnica/económica Redução de custos Redução de emissões de CO2 Estratégia 20/20/20