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Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: A dor é um dos sintomas mais frequentes e com maior impacte na qualidade de vida das pessoas em geral e dos doentes em particular. A dor foi considerada o “5º sinal vital” pela Direção-Geral da Saúde, desde 2003, através da publicação da Circular Normativa n.º 9, que prevê a sua avaliação em todos os serviços de cuidados de saúde, constitui um sintoma que acompanha, de forma transversal, a maioria das situações patológicas que requerem cuidados de saúde, como são exemplo as doenças crónicas, avançadas, incuráveis e progressivas.
Objetivos: Mapear as intervenções autónomas dos enfermeiros no controlo da dor na pessoa idosa.
Metodologia: Realizou-se uma scoping review, com base nos princípios preconizados pelo Joanna Briggs Institute, através de pesquisa realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed; CINAHL (via EBSCO); B-On, de estudos publicados entre 2016 e 2021 nos idiomas português e inglês. Dos 307 artigos iniciais, foram incluídos no estudo seis artigos, após aplicados critérios de inclusão previamente definidos.
Resultados: As intervenções autónomas de enfermagem descritas na literatura foram o treino de habilidades de coping, relaxamento com imaginação, aplicação de frio e aplicação de calor, exercício, massagem, toque terapêutico, conforto e o programa InTouch. Os estudos também demonstram que estas intervenções podem ser utilizadas como forma complementar as intervenções farmacológicas na gestão da dor, sendo ainda intervenções autónomas de enfermagem. A falta de conhecimento, a falta de treino e a falta de tempo configuram-se como algumas das barreiras atribuídas pelos enfermeiros à sua utilização. Todos corroboram que a gestão da dor envolve quer a avaliação e monitorização, quer a implementação de intervenções interdependentes e autónomas de enfermagem, farmacológicas e não-farmacológicas.
Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados na presente scoping review corroboram as evidências científicas que demonstram que o desenvolvimento de intervenções autónomas de enfermagem é determinante para a eficácia do controlo da dor na pessoa idosa.
Palavras-Chave: Dor; Pessoa idosa; Intervenções autónomas; Enfermagem; Enfermagem de Saúde Comunitária.
Abstract Background: Pain is one of the most frequent symptoms and has the greatest impact on the quality of life of people in general and patients in particular. Pain has been considered the "5th vital sign" by the Directorate-General for Health since 2003, through the publication of Normative Circular No. 9, which provides for its assessment in all health care services. Objectives: To map the autonomous interventions of nurses in pain management in the elderly. Methodology: A scoping review was conducted, based on the principles recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute, through a search conducted in the Pubmed, CINAHL (via EBSCO) and B-On databases, of studies published between 2016 and 2021 in Portuguese and English. Of the initial 307 articles, six articles were included in the study, after applying previously defined inclusion criteria. Results: The autonomous nursing interventions described in the literature were coping skills training, relaxation with imagination, cold application and heat application, exercise, massage, therapeutic touch, comfort and the InTouch program. The studies also show that these interventions can be used as a complementary way to pharmacological interventions in pain management, and are still stand-alone nursing interventions. Lack of knowledge, lack of training and lack of time are some of the barriers attributed by nurses to their use. All confirm that pain management involves both assessment and monitoring, and the implementation of interdependent and autonomous pharmacological and non-pharmacological nursing interventions. Conclusion: The results found in this scoping review corroborate the scientific evidence showing that the development of autonomous nursing interventions is essential for effective pain management in the elderly. Keywords: Pain; Elderly; Autonomous Interventions; Nursing; Community Health Nursing.
Abstract Background: Pain is one of the most frequent symptoms and has the greatest impact on the quality of life of people in general and patients in particular. Pain has been considered the "5th vital sign" by the Directorate-General for Health since 2003, through the publication of Normative Circular No. 9, which provides for its assessment in all health care services. Objectives: To map the autonomous interventions of nurses in pain management in the elderly. Methodology: A scoping review was conducted, based on the principles recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute, through a search conducted in the Pubmed, CINAHL (via EBSCO) and B-On databases, of studies published between 2016 and 2021 in Portuguese and English. Of the initial 307 articles, six articles were included in the study, after applying previously defined inclusion criteria. Results: The autonomous nursing interventions described in the literature were coping skills training, relaxation with imagination, cold application and heat application, exercise, massage, therapeutic touch, comfort and the InTouch program. The studies also show that these interventions can be used as a complementary way to pharmacological interventions in pain management, and are still stand-alone nursing interventions. Lack of knowledge, lack of training and lack of time are some of the barriers attributed by nurses to their use. All confirm that pain management involves both assessment and monitoring, and the implementation of interdependent and autonomous pharmacological and non-pharmacological nursing interventions. Conclusion: The results found in this scoping review corroborate the scientific evidence showing that the development of autonomous nursing interventions is essential for effective pain management in the elderly. Keywords: Pain; Elderly; Autonomous Interventions; Nursing; Community Health Nursing.
Description
Keywords
Cuidados de enfermagem Dor Dor - prevenção e controle Enfermagem de saúde comunitária Gestão da dor Idoso Revisão Aged Community health nursing Nursing care Pain Pain - prevention and control Pain management Review