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Os sistemas elétricos têm passado por transformações profundas, impulsionadas por avanços tecnológicos, decisões políticas e sociais, e pela necessidade de sustentabilidade ambiental. Essas mudanças reconfiguraram o setor elétrico, orientando o para maior eficiência, fiabilidade e descarbonização, alinhando-se com os objetivos
globais de transição energética.
O desenvolvimento das tecnologias de produção distribuída e as políticas de incentivo à descentralização da produção de eletricidade têm fomentado a proliferação de sistemas de autoconsumo (individual ou coletivo), com especial incidência em sistemas baseados na tecnologia fotovoltaica. Paralelamente, o desenvolvimento tecnológico e a redução de custos dos sistemas de armazenamento, em particular os baseados em baterias de iões de lítio, tem aberto o caminho para a gestão ativa da produção de centrais fotovoltaicas.
Estes desenvolvimentos tecnológicos, associados à liberalização dos setores elétricos e ao consequente emergir de tarifários de eletricidade mais dinâmicos, alguns com indexação aos mercados grossistas de eletricidade, proporcionaram aos detentores de sistemas fotovoltaicos a possibilidade de otimização do valor económico da energia produzida (quer através do autoconsumo quer através da sua injeção na rede). No caso dos autoconsumidores, esta possibilidade torna-os em participantes ativos na gestão da procura, aumentando a sua capacidade de reação aos preços da energia nos mercados.
O presente trabalho insere-se nesse contexto, sendo a sua principal contribuição a proposta de um algoritmo de gestão ativa da energia produzida em sistemas fotovoltaicos, com enfase em sistemas em regime de autoconsumo (sem, contudo, comprometer a aplicabilidade a sistemas de autoconsumo coletivo ou a centrais de produção destinadas à injeção da produção nas redes elétricas). O algoritmo proposto procura utilizar a flexibilidade conferida pelo armazenamento de energia elétrica (permite desacoplar a produção do consumo) para melhorar o desempenho económico dos sistemas fotovoltaicos, avaliando a extensão em que tal ocorre efetivamente. O trabalho faz também uma comparação do desempenho económico de sistemas fotovoltaicos com e sem armazenamento de energia.
Electrical systems have undergone profound transformations driven by technological advancements, political and social decisions, and the need for environmental sustainability. These changes have reconfigured the electricity sector, steering it toward greater efficiency, reliability, and decarbonization, aligning with global energy transition goals. The development of distributed generation technologies and policies promoting the decentralization of electricity production have fostered the proliferation of self consumption systems (individual or collective), with a particular focus on photovoltaic (PV) technology. Simultaneously, technological advancements and cost reductions in energy storage systems, particularly lithium-ion batteries, have paved the way for active management of PV plant production. These technological developments, combined with the liberalization of electricity sectors and the emergence of more dynamic electricity tariffs—some indexed to wholesale electricity markets—have provided PV system owners with the opportunity to optimize the economic value of the energy produced (whether through self-consumption or grid injection). For self-consumers, this possibility transforms them into active participants in demand management, enhancing their ability to respond to energy market prices. This work is situated within this context, with its primary contribution being the proposal of an algorithm for active energy management in PV systems, with an emphasis on self-consumption systems (without compromising its applicability to collective self consumption systems or production plants intended for full grid injection). The proposed algorithm seeks to leverage the flexibility provided by electrical energy storage (which decouples production from consumption) to improve the economic performance of PV systems, evaluating the extent to which this is effectively achieved. The study also compares the economic performance of photovoltaic systems with and without energy storage.
Electrical systems have undergone profound transformations driven by technological advancements, political and social decisions, and the need for environmental sustainability. These changes have reconfigured the electricity sector, steering it toward greater efficiency, reliability, and decarbonization, aligning with global energy transition goals. The development of distributed generation technologies and policies promoting the decentralization of electricity production have fostered the proliferation of self consumption systems (individual or collective), with a particular focus on photovoltaic (PV) technology. Simultaneously, technological advancements and cost reductions in energy storage systems, particularly lithium-ion batteries, have paved the way for active management of PV plant production. These technological developments, combined with the liberalization of electricity sectors and the emergence of more dynamic electricity tariffs—some indexed to wholesale electricity markets—have provided PV system owners with the opportunity to optimize the economic value of the energy produced (whether through self-consumption or grid injection). For self-consumers, this possibility transforms them into active participants in demand management, enhancing their ability to respond to energy market prices. This work is situated within this context, with its primary contribution being the proposal of an algorithm for active energy management in PV systems, with an emphasis on self-consumption systems (without compromising its applicability to collective self consumption systems or production plants intended for full grid injection). The proposed algorithm seeks to leverage the flexibility provided by electrical energy storage (which decouples production from consumption) to improve the economic performance of PV systems, evaluating the extent to which this is effectively achieved. The study also compares the economic performance of photovoltaic systems with and without energy storage.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sistemas de autoconsumo Sistemas fotovoltaicos Armazenamento de energia elétrica Self-consumption systems PV systems Energy storage systems
