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O enfermeiro de família e a multiculturalidade : Desafios das famílias imigrantes no acesso aos cuidados de saúde primários
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: O presente relatório tem como propósito apresentar as atividades realizadas e as competências adquiridas durante o estágio na Unidade de Cuidados de Saúde Personalizados Juiz de Fora. Dado o elevado número de famílias imigrantes registadas em Portugal e na Unidade onde realizei estágio, tornou-se pertinente explorar as dificuldades que estas enfrentam no acesso e na utilização dos cuidados de saúde primários.
Objetivo: Mapear a evidência científica disponível sobre os desafios das famílias imigrantes no acesso aos cuidados de saúde primários.
Metodologia: Scoping review realizada com base nas recomendações metodológicas do Joanna Briggs Institute seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA-ScR. A pesquisa foi efetuada nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL Complete, Nursing & Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MEDLINE Complete, B-On, Web of Science e Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, em novembro de 2024. Do total de 3415 estudos identificados, 29 preencheram os critérios de inclusão, dos quais 9 foram incluídos na revisão.
Resultados: Emergiram duas áreas temáticas: (i) Barreiras no Acesso aos Cuidados de Saúde Primários, com seis subtemas, Barreiras Linguísticas e Culturais, Barreiras Socioeconómicas, Barreiras Relacionadas com o Sistema de Saúde, Barreiras Geográficas e Estruturais, Barreiras Psicossociais e Emocionais e Barreiras Específicas para Grupos Vulneráveis, transversais à maioria dos estudos; (ii) Facilitadores do Acesso aos Cuidados de Saúde Primários que possui quatro subtemas, Estratégias Pessoais e Comunitárias, Medidas Institucionais e Políticas, Características do Serviço de Saúde e Infraestrutura e Acessibilidade.
Conclusão: Os resultados revelam uma interseção complexa de barreiras que limitam o acesso das famílias imigrantes aos cuidados de saúde primários, mas também indicam facilitadores que podem atenuar essas dificuldades. Estes dados reforçam a necessidade de estratégias que promovam cuidados culturalmente sensíveis, garantindo um acesso mais equitativo e eficaz aos serviços de saúde.
Palavras-chave: Emigrantes e Imigrantes; Família; Acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde; Cuidados de saúde primários
Abstract Introduction: This report aims to present the activities carried out and the skills acquired during the internship at the Personalized Health Care Unit Juiz de Fora. Given the high number of immigrant families registered in Portugal and in the Primary Health Care Unit where the internship was undertaken, it became relevant to explore the challenges these families face in accessing and using primary health care services. Objective: To map the available scientific evidence on the challenges faced by immigrant families in accessing primary health care. Methodology: A scoping review was conducted based on the methodological recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The search was carried out in the databases PubMed, CINAHL Complete, Nursing & Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MEDLINE Complete, B-On, Web of Science, and the Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, in November 2024. From a total of 3415 identified studies, 29 met the inclusion criteria, of which 9 were included in the review. Results: Two thematic areas emerged: (i) Barriers to Accessing Primary Health Care, with six subthemes, Linguistic and Cultural Barriers, Socioeconomic Barriers, Health System-Related Barriers, Geographical and Structural Barriers, Psychosocial and Emotional Barriers, and Barriers Specific to Vulnerable Groups which were present across most studies; (ii) Facilitators of Access to Primary Health Care, comprising four subthemes, Personal and Community Strategies, Institutional and Policy Measures, Health Service Characteristics, and Infrastructure and Accessibility. Conclusion: The findings reveal a complex intersection of barriers that limit immigrant families' access to primary health care, but also point to facilitators that can help mitigate these challenges. These results reinforce the need for strategies that promote culturally sensitive care, ensuring more equitable and effective access to health services. Keywords: Emigrants and Immigrants; Family; Accessibility to Health Services; Primary Health Care
Abstract Introduction: This report aims to present the activities carried out and the skills acquired during the internship at the Personalized Health Care Unit Juiz de Fora. Given the high number of immigrant families registered in Portugal and in the Primary Health Care Unit where the internship was undertaken, it became relevant to explore the challenges these families face in accessing and using primary health care services. Objective: To map the available scientific evidence on the challenges faced by immigrant families in accessing primary health care. Methodology: A scoping review was conducted based on the methodological recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The search was carried out in the databases PubMed, CINAHL Complete, Nursing & Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MEDLINE Complete, B-On, Web of Science, and the Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, in November 2024. From a total of 3415 identified studies, 29 met the inclusion criteria, of which 9 were included in the review. Results: Two thematic areas emerged: (i) Barriers to Accessing Primary Health Care, with six subthemes, Linguistic and Cultural Barriers, Socioeconomic Barriers, Health System-Related Barriers, Geographical and Structural Barriers, Psychosocial and Emotional Barriers, and Barriers Specific to Vulnerable Groups which were present across most studies; (ii) Facilitators of Access to Primary Health Care, comprising four subthemes, Personal and Community Strategies, Institutional and Policy Measures, Health Service Characteristics, and Infrastructure and Accessibility. Conclusion: The findings reveal a complex intersection of barriers that limit immigrant families' access to primary health care, but also point to facilitators that can help mitigate these challenges. These results reinforce the need for strategies that promote culturally sensitive care, ensuring more equitable and effective access to health services. Keywords: Emigrants and Immigrants; Family; Accessibility to Health Services; Primary Health Care
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Keywords
Acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde Acesso aos cuidados primários Competência profissional Cuidados primários de saúde Diversidade cultural Emigrantes e imigrantes Enfermagem de família Enfermeiros de família Família Revisão scoping Access to primary care Cultural diversity Emigrants and immigrants Family Family nurse practitioners Family nursing Health services accessibility Primary health care Professional competence Scoping review
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