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Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: A Enfermagem, enquanto ciência, carece, concomitantemente, do
desenvolvimento de competências técnicas como de investigação funtamentada que
contribua para a criação de um corpo de conhecimentos sólido sobre os quais acentem os
cuidados prestados à pessoa. Assim, tantos os estágios como o processo investigativo levado
a cabo contribuiram para o sucesso do processo formativo.
Os estágios, tanto em urgência como em cuidados intensivos, revelaram a necessidade de
uma resposta pronta e eficaz em situações de catástrofe. Os enfermeiros constituem o maior
grupo profissional na área da saúde e apresentam-se sempre na primeira linha de cuidados,
aquando deste tipo de situações, sendo essenciais para limitar o agravamento das condições
daí decorrentes e garantir o correto funcionamento das instituições de saúde. Desta forma,
eles devem ter os conhecimentos necessários e a capacidade para agir de forma correta e
atempada, garantindo cuidados seguros e de qualidade à pessoa em situação crítica.
Objetivo: Evidenciar as competências técnicas adquiridas na área de enfermagem
especializada e determinar a perceção dos enfermeiros sobre a sua preparação na resposta
hospitalar perante uma situação de catástrofe.
Métodos: Explanação e reflexão crítica quanto às competências desenvolvidas e
apresentação de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo-correlacional, em coorte transversal, numa
amostra de 212 enfermeiros. Aplicou-se a Escala de Perceção dos Enfermeiros sobre a sua
preparação face a uma situação de catástrofe - Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool (DPET
–PT®), versão de Santos e Dixe (2014), divulgado e aplicado via online a enfermeiros a
exercer em Portugal Continental.
Resultados: Os estágios evidenciaram défice de preparação na resposta perante situações
de catástrofe dando mote à investigação que veio a demonstrar que quase a totalidade da
amostra manifestou necessidade de formação (95,3%). Na “gestão pós-catástrofe” 46,7% dos
enfermeiros percecionam-se como tendo boa preparação e 41,0% com fraca preparação; nas
“Competências do saber”, 42,4% têm boa preparação, mas 37,3% fraca preparação; nas
“Competências do fazer, registou-se fraca e boa preparação”, (42,5%, respetivamente). As
variáveis sociodemográficas com maior significância estatística foram o género e as
habilitações literárias. As variáveis profissionais associadas à perceção de preparação face à
situação de catástrofe com significância estatística foram o tipo de colaboração, o local onde
se situa a instituição onde os participantes exercem funções, o serviço e o vínculo laboral. A
relação entre as variáveis de contexto de catástrofe e a perceção dos enfermeiros revela
variáveis com relevância estatisticamente significativa: conhecimento do plano de catástrofe
externo da instituição; formação na abordagem hospitalar em situações de catástrofe;
necessidade de formação na área; vivência, como enfermeiro, de uma situação real de
catástrofe e situação de catástrofe vivenciada.
Conclusão: Durante os estágios foram alcançados os objetivos traçados e adquiridas as
competências conducentes à pratica especializada e a investigação permitiu inferir que
enfermeiros com melhor perceção de preparação face à situação de catástrofe são os do
género masculino, com mestrado/doutoramento e especialização, com colaboração interna
prestada ao INEM, cuja instituição onde exercem se situa em Castelo Branco, os que exercem
funções profissionais no INEM e que possuem diferente tipo de vínculo laboral do descrito no
questionário, bem como aqueles que conhecem o plano de catástrofe externo da instituição,
que possuem formação na abordagem hospitalar em situações de catástrofe e que já
vivenciaram situações reais de catástrofe, nomeadamente catástrofes naturais.
Palavras-Chave: Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica; Enfermeiro; Catástrofe; Competências
Abstract Framework: Nursing, as a science, lacks, at the same time, the development of technical skills, as well as substantiated research that contributes to the creation of a solid body of knowledge on which the care provided to the person is based. Thus, both the internships and the research process carried out contributed to the success of the training process. The internships, both in emergency and intensive care, revealed the need for a prompt and effective response in disaster situations. Nurses constitute the largest professional group in the health area and are always in the first line of care, in this type of situation, being essential to limit the aggravation of the resulting conditions and guarantee the proper functioning of health institutions. In this way, they must have the necessary knowledge and the ability to act correctly and in a timely manner, guaranteeing safe and quality care for the person in a critical situation. Objective: Highlight the technical skills acquired in the area of specialized nursing and determine the perception of nurses about their preparation in the hospital response to a disaster situation. Methods: Explanation and critical reflection on the skills developed and presentation of a cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive-correlational cohort study in a sample of 212 nurses. The Nurses' Perception Scale on their preparation for a disaster - Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool (DPET -PT®), version by Santos and Dixe (2014), disseminated and applied online to nurses who work in hospitals in Continental Portugal, was applied. Results: The internships evidenced a lack of preparation for disaster situations, giving rise to the investigation that showed that almost the entire sample expressed a need for training (95.3%). In "post-disaster management" 46.7% of nurses perceive themselves as well prepared and 41.0% as poorly prepared; in "Knowledge Competencies", 42.4% have good preparation, but 37.3% have poor preparation; in "Skills to do, there was bad and good preparation" (42.5%, respectively). The sociodemographic variables with the highest statistical significance were gender and educational level. The professional variables associated with the perception of preparedness for a catastrophe with statistical significance were the type of collaboration, the location of the institution where the participants work, the service and the employment relationship. The relationship between the variables of the disaster context and the nurses' perception reveals variables with statistically significant relevance: knowledge of the institution's external disaster plan; training in the hospital approach in disaster situations; need for training in the area; experience, as a nurse, of a real catastrophe situation and a lived catastrophe situation. Conclusion: During the internships, the objectives set were achieved and the skills leading to specialized practice were acquired, and the research allowed us to infer that the nurses with the best perception of preparedness for a disaster situation are male, with a master's/doctorate degree and specialization, counting on the internal collaboration of INEM, whose institution where they work is located in Castelo Branco, those who work at INEM and have a different type of employment relationship than that described in the questionnaire, as well as those who know the external disaster plan of the institution, who have training in the hospital approach in disaster situations and who have already experienced real disaster situations, that is, natural disasters. Keywords: Medical-Surgical Nursing; Nurse; Disaster; Competencies
Abstract Framework: Nursing, as a science, lacks, at the same time, the development of technical skills, as well as substantiated research that contributes to the creation of a solid body of knowledge on which the care provided to the person is based. Thus, both the internships and the research process carried out contributed to the success of the training process. The internships, both in emergency and intensive care, revealed the need for a prompt and effective response in disaster situations. Nurses constitute the largest professional group in the health area and are always in the first line of care, in this type of situation, being essential to limit the aggravation of the resulting conditions and guarantee the proper functioning of health institutions. In this way, they must have the necessary knowledge and the ability to act correctly and in a timely manner, guaranteeing safe and quality care for the person in a critical situation. Objective: Highlight the technical skills acquired in the area of specialized nursing and determine the perception of nurses about their preparation in the hospital response to a disaster situation. Methods: Explanation and critical reflection on the skills developed and presentation of a cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive-correlational cohort study in a sample of 212 nurses. The Nurses' Perception Scale on their preparation for a disaster - Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool (DPET -PT®), version by Santos and Dixe (2014), disseminated and applied online to nurses who work in hospitals in Continental Portugal, was applied. Results: The internships evidenced a lack of preparation for disaster situations, giving rise to the investigation that showed that almost the entire sample expressed a need for training (95.3%). In "post-disaster management" 46.7% of nurses perceive themselves as well prepared and 41.0% as poorly prepared; in "Knowledge Competencies", 42.4% have good preparation, but 37.3% have poor preparation; in "Skills to do, there was bad and good preparation" (42.5%, respectively). The sociodemographic variables with the highest statistical significance were gender and educational level. The professional variables associated with the perception of preparedness for a catastrophe with statistical significance were the type of collaboration, the location of the institution where the participants work, the service and the employment relationship. The relationship between the variables of the disaster context and the nurses' perception reveals variables with statistically significant relevance: knowledge of the institution's external disaster plan; training in the hospital approach in disaster situations; need for training in the area; experience, as a nurse, of a real catastrophe situation and a lived catastrophe situation. Conclusion: During the internships, the objectives set were achieved and the skills leading to specialized practice were acquired, and the research allowed us to infer that the nurses with the best perception of preparedness for a disaster situation are male, with a master's/doctorate degree and specialization, counting on the internal collaboration of INEM, whose institution where they work is located in Castelo Branco, those who work at INEM and have a different type of employment relationship than that described in the questionnaire, as well as those who know the external disaster plan of the institution, who have training in the hospital approach in disaster situations and who have already experienced real disaster situations, that is, natural disasters. Keywords: Medical-Surgical Nursing; Nurse; Disaster; Competencies
Description
Keywords
Competência profissional Conhecimentos, atitudes e prática em saúde Desastres Enfermagem médico cirúrgica Enfermeiros Planeamento em desastres Urgências Disaster planning Disasters Emergencies Health knowledge, attitudes, practice Medical surgical nursing Nurses Professional competence