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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: As famílias têm grande influência na saúde das crianças, constituem o seu
primeiro ambiente de aprendizagem e possuem o potencial necessário para desenvolver estilos de vida
saudáveis, nomeadamente no que respeita ao comportamento alimentar aprendido. As suas
características sociodemográficas e o tipo de cultura e organização da família podem influenciar o
desenvolvimento de excesso de peso, pelo que foi neste âmbito que surgiu a problemática em estudo.
Objetivo: Analisar a influência das variáveis sociodemográficas da criança e parentais, do
comportamento alimentar da criança e da cultura organizacional da família, no estado nutricional da
criança.
Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, correlacional e transversal, de análise quantitativa
realizado numa amostra de 1424 crianças de várias regiões de Portugal Continental, média idade
(M=4,58; Dp=0,995) anos e respetivos pais. Para recolha de informação utilizou-se: a EDIEP, uma
adaptação de Aparício Costa, (2012) do QFA de Rito, (2007), o Questionário do Comportamento
Alimentar da Criança (ChildEatingBehaviourQuestionnaire [CEBQ]) de Wardle (2001), validado
para a população portuguesa por Viana & Sinde (2008) e o Inventário da Cultura Organizacional da
Família (Nave 2007). Foi efetuada avaliação antropométrica das crianças e a classificação do seu
estado nutricional teve por base o referencial NCHS (CDC,2000).
Resultados: Das crianças 60,2% eram normoponderais, com uma prevalência de excesso de
peso de 34,3% (17,4 % obesidade e 16,9% pré-obesidade) e 5,5% tinham baixo peso. Pelos resultados
obtidos podemos inferir que o estado nutricional é dependente da idade e sexo das crianças, com maior
prevalência nas crianças de 5 anos e do sexo masculino, enquanto a relação com as variáveis
sociodemográficas parentais, indicou que as crianças com obesidade pertencem a famílias com
rendimento baixo, as crianças com peso normal residem com a mãe em zona urbana e com baixo-peso
são filhas das mães mais jovens, enquanto nas crianças com obesidade o pai tem o 2º e 3º ciclo de
escolaridade. A análise do Comportamento Alimentar da Criança e da Cultura Organizacional da
Família revelaram que apenas quatro dos fatores do CEBQ se revelam preditores do IMC da criança,
indicando que quanto maior a Resposta á Comida/ Prazer em Comer e Seletividade maior o IMC da
criança e quanto maior a Subingestão Emocional e Resposta á Saciedade/Ingestão Lenta, menor o
IMC.
Conclusões: Face aos resultados, conclui-se que é pertinente ponderar estratégias de
intervenção, sobretudo na consulta de vigilância de saúde infantil, num trabalho de parceria com as
famílias, aumentando as suas competências em práticas alimentares saudáveis, visto estas serem uma
referência na aprendizagem dos comportamentos das crianças, especificamente no que respeita à
alimentação.
Palavras chave: Estado nutricional da criança; comportamento alimentar; cultura
organizacional da família; criança pré-escolar.
ABSTRACT Background: Families have a great influence on children’s health, they are their first learning environment and have the necessary potential to promote healthy lifestyles, namely regarding eating behaviour. Socio-demographic features of families, type of culture as well as their organization may influence excessive weight gain in children; therefore, this issue became object of the present study. Aim: To analyse the influence of child and parental socio-demographic variables, of child eating behaviour and of family organisational culture on child nutritional status. Methods: A descriptive, co-relational and cross-sectional study of quantitative analysis was conducted with a sample of 1424 children from different regions of Portugal, mean age (M=4.58; Sd=0.995) and their parents. Information was collected by: EDIEP, an adaptation of Aparício Costa, (2012) from QFA, Rito, (2007); Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, (CEBQ), Wardle (2001), validated for the Portuguese population by Viana & Sinde (2008) and Family Organisational Culture Inventory (Nave 2007). Children were anthropometrically assessed and the classification of their nutritional status was within the referential of NCHS (CDC, 2000). Results: 60.2% of children were normal weight, 34.3% excessive weight (17.4% obesity and 16.9% pre-obesity) and 5.5% of children were underweight. From the results, one may conclude that the nutritional status is dependent on age and gender of children; with higher prevalence in 5 years and male, the relationship between parental socio-demographic variables showed that children with obesity belong to low income families, normal weight children live with their mothers in town areas and underweight children have the youngest mothers. It was also shown that children with obesity have fathers without secondary levels of education. The analysis of Child Eating Behaviour and Family Organisational Culture revealed that only four of the CEBQ’s factors are predictors of the BMI in children, demonstrating that the higher is Food Responsiveness/ Enjoyment of Food and Selectivity, the higher is BMI in children; and the higher is Emotional Under-eating and Response to Satiety/Slowness in Eating, the lower is BMI in children. Conclusion: Taking into account the results, it is very important to reflect upon intervention approaches, mainly those concerning control appointments of child health, and working together with families, developing their abilities to increase healthy eating standards. This joint work with families is vital because they are reference models for children to learn having a healthy eating behaviour. Key words: Child nutritional status; eating behaviour; family organisational culture; preschool child.
ABSTRACT Background: Families have a great influence on children’s health, they are their first learning environment and have the necessary potential to promote healthy lifestyles, namely regarding eating behaviour. Socio-demographic features of families, type of culture as well as their organization may influence excessive weight gain in children; therefore, this issue became object of the present study. Aim: To analyse the influence of child and parental socio-demographic variables, of child eating behaviour and of family organisational culture on child nutritional status. Methods: A descriptive, co-relational and cross-sectional study of quantitative analysis was conducted with a sample of 1424 children from different regions of Portugal, mean age (M=4.58; Sd=0.995) and their parents. Information was collected by: EDIEP, an adaptation of Aparício Costa, (2012) from QFA, Rito, (2007); Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, (CEBQ), Wardle (2001), validated for the Portuguese population by Viana & Sinde (2008) and Family Organisational Culture Inventory (Nave 2007). Children were anthropometrically assessed and the classification of their nutritional status was within the referential of NCHS (CDC, 2000). Results: 60.2% of children were normal weight, 34.3% excessive weight (17.4% obesity and 16.9% pre-obesity) and 5.5% of children were underweight. From the results, one may conclude that the nutritional status is dependent on age and gender of children; with higher prevalence in 5 years and male, the relationship between parental socio-demographic variables showed that children with obesity belong to low income families, normal weight children live with their mothers in town areas and underweight children have the youngest mothers. It was also shown that children with obesity have fathers without secondary levels of education. The analysis of Child Eating Behaviour and Family Organisational Culture revealed that only four of the CEBQ’s factors are predictors of the BMI in children, demonstrating that the higher is Food Responsiveness/ Enjoyment of Food and Selectivity, the higher is BMI in children; and the higher is Emotional Under-eating and Response to Satiety/Slowness in Eating, the lower is BMI in children. Conclusion: Taking into account the results, it is very important to reflect upon intervention approaches, mainly those concerning control appointments of child health, and working together with families, developing their abilities to increase healthy eating standards. This joint work with families is vital because they are reference models for children to learn having a healthy eating behaviour. Key words: Child nutritional status; eating behaviour; family organisational culture; preschool child.
Description
Keywords
Comportamento alimentar Criança de idade pré-escolar Cultura Estado nutricional Família Hábitos alimentares Obesidade Prevalência Child, preschool Culture Family Feeding behavior Food habits Nutritional status Obesity Prevalence
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Viseu. Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu