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Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: O cancro do colo do útero (CCU) assume um enorme impacto na saúde
pública mundial, e particularmente nos países em desenvolvimento, uma vez que implica não
apenas alterações significativas na qualidade de vida das mulheres, bem como gastos
avultados em cuidados de saúde. No entanto, é sobre este tipo de cancro que mais se pode
atuar em termos de prevenção e cura. O rastreio do cancro do colo do útero (RCCU) assume
um papel fundamental em termos preventivos, uma vez que permite a deteção precoce de
alterações celulares quais podem levar a formas de cancro altamente invasivas. Considerando
a importância do RCCU realizámos um estudo do tipo não experimental, de natureza
quanti/qualitativa, transversal, exploratório e descritivo os quais apresentamos separadamente.
O estudo respeitou todos os princípios éticos ao desenvolvimento de estudos de investigação
pelo que para além do pedido de autorização aos intervenientes através do consentimento
informado foi obtida autorização pela Comissão de Ética da ULS da instituição envolvida no
estudo (Região Centro de Portugal)
Estudo Quantitativo
Objetivos: Determinar o número de mulheres inscritas na Unidade de Cuidados Saúde
Personalizados de Seia, com idade para realizarem RCCU, no triénio 2013-2015; Identificar a
prevalência de não comparências à consulta de RCCU por parte das mulheres; Determinar a
prevalência de casos positivos de CCU. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo: a
população é constituída pelas mulheres inscritas numa UCSP de uma ULS da região centro de
Portugal. A amostra não probabilística por conveniência é constituída por mulheres inscritas
numa UCSP de uma ULS da região centro de Portugal que faltaram, pelo menos, a uma
consulta de RCCU, e tem idade compreendida entre os 27 e os 64 anos de idade. Os dados
relativos ao número de mulheres inscritas na UCSP em idade de rastreio (25-64 anos) foram
obtidos a partir do Sistema de Informação Nacional dos Cuidados de Saúde Primários
(SINUS), facultados pelo Serviço de Estatística, Planeamento e Apoio à Gestão (SEPAG) da
ULS participante no estudo. Os dados da frequência à consulta de rastreio de cancro do colo
do útero para determinação de prevalência de RCCU foram obtidos pela contagem dos
resultados de citologia através dos ficheiros em suporte de papel existentes na respetiva
unidade. Para a análise de dados foram tidos em conta os valores numéricos e percentuais
para a determinação das prevalências, com recurso ao SPSS versão 24. Resultados: O estudo
da UCSP revelou um decréscimo do número das mulheres (em idade de realizarem rastreio)
que se apresentaram na consulta de RCCU no triénio de 2013-2015. Se em 2013 cerca de 16%
das mulheres fizeram a consulta de RCCU, em 2015 a prevalência de presenças foi de apenas
11%.
O estudo qualitativo realizado permitiu observar que os principais motivos que explicam a
ausência das mulheres são pessoais (como a vergonha e o pouco à vontade com o médico do
sexo masculino) e profissionais (incompatibilidade de horários e indisponibilidade do médico
para convocar). Devido a estes constrangimentos, algumas mulheres recorrem ao setor
privado para terem cuidados continuados, poderem escolher o médico que faz o RCCU,
poderem escolher o horário da consulta e sentirem-se mais à vontade.
Conclusões: Os indicadores de vigilância de saúde no que respeita ao RCCU na UCSP em
estudo são altamente preocupantes por não cobrirem sequer um quinto da população inscrita
nesta consulta. Estes indicadores devem ser motivo de reflexão não apenas por parte dos
profissionais de saúde da Unidade de cuidados em causa, bem como pelas entidades
competentes e reguladoras da saúde as quais deverão desenvolver planos de ação corretivos e
de melhoria que assegurem cuidados de saúde de qualidade à população.Estudo Qualitativo
Objetivos: Compreender o significado atribuído pelas mulheres à consulta de RCCU;
Compreender a perceção das mulheres acerca do risco de cancro do colo do útero;
Compreender o significado que as mulheres atribuem aos cuidados de enfermagem, dos quais
são alvo na consulta de RCCU. Métodos: Para a recolha de dados convidámos 20
participantes que integraram a amostra do estudo quantitativo. A recolha de dados foi
efetuada através de questionário, para a caracterização sociodemográfica, e por entrevista
semiestruturada, para responder aos objetivos de investigação. As entrevistas decorreram num
gabinete reservado na UCSP para esse fim. Para a análise qualitativa dos dados foram tidos
conta os pressupostos apresentados por Bardin, com recurso ao NVivo versão 11.
Resultados: Emergiram as seguintes categorias - Percepção das mulheres acerca dos fatores
de risco de CCU; Percepção das mulheres sobre requisitos da prevenção de CCU; Significado
atribuído pela mulher à consulta de RCCU; Motivos para não ir à consulta de rastreio do
CCU; Atitudes da mulher perante a consulta de rastreio do CCU; Intervenções de enfermagem
valorizadas pelas mulheres na consulta de rastreio CCU; Constrangimentos referidos pelas
mulheres na consulta de enfermagem do RCCU; Expectativas das mulheres relativamente ao
trabalho que deveria ser desenvolvido pelos enfermeiros na consulta de rastreio do CCU;
Crenças das mulheres face ao género do profissional que realiza a consulta de RCCU;
Sentimentos vivenciados pela mulher face à consulta de RCCU. Conclusão: São vários os
motivos apresentados pelas mulheres para a não comparência à consulta de RCCU, estando os
aspetos culturais na génese de diferentes perceções, decisões, comportamentos, atitudes e
sentimentos vivenciados pela mulher. Pretende-se que a compreensão desta problemática
capacite o enfermeiro e os profissionais de saúde em geral para a criação de condições
adequadas e intervenções culturalmente sensíveis que se traduzam não apenas na adesão das
mulheres à consulta de RCCU, mas que as mesmas sejam experiências agradáveis e de bemestar
para a mulher/família/comunidade.
Abstract Background: Cervical cancer (UCC) has a huge impact on global public health, particularly in developing countries, as it involves not only significant changes in the quality of life of women, but also high expenditure on health care. However, it is about this type of cancer that one can most act in terms of prevention and cure. Screening for cervical cancer (RCCU) plays a key role in preventive terms as it allows the early detection of cellular changes which can lead to highly invasive forms of cancer. Considering the importance of RCCU, we performed a non-experimental, quantitative / qualitative, transverse, exploratory and descriptive study, which we present separately. The study respected all ethical principles for the development of research studies. In addition to requesting authorization from the interveners through informed consent, authorization was obtained by the ULS Ethics Committee of the institution involved in the study (Central Region of Portugal). Quantitative Study Objectives: To determine the number of women enrolled in the Seia Personalized Health Care Unit, with age to perform RCCU, in the triennium 2013-2015; To identify the prevalence of non-attendance to women's RCCU consultation; To determine the prevalence of positive CCU cases. Methods: This is a. Quantitative study: the population consists of women enrolled in a UCSP of a ULS of the central region of Portugal. The non-probabilistic sample for convenience is composed of women enrolled in a UCSP of a ULS of the central region of Portugal, who lacked at least one consultation of RCCU, aged between 27 and 64 years of age. Data on the number of women enrolled in UCSP at screening age (25-64 years) were obtained from the National Primary Care Information System (SINUS), provided by the Statistics, Planning and Management Support Service (SEPAG) of the ULS participating in the study. Frequency data from the cervical cancer screening visit for determination of RCCU prevalence were obtained by counting the cytology results through the paper-based files in the respective unit. For the analysis of data, the numerical and percentage values for the determination of prevalence were taken into account using SPSS version 24. Results: The UCSP study showed a decrease in the number of women (at screening age) who presented at the RCCU consultation in the 2013-2015 triennium. If in 2013 about 16% of the women did the RCCU consultation, in 2015 the attendance prevalence was only 11%. The qualitative study made it possible to observe that the main reasons explaining the absence of women are personal (such as shame and discomfort with the male doctor) and professionals (incompatibility of schedules and unavailability of the doctor to call). Because of these constraints, some women turn to the private sector for continued care, to be able to choose the doctor who does the RCCU, to be able to choose the appointment time, and to feel more at ease. Conclusions: Health surveillance indicators for the RCCU in the UCSP under study are highly worrisome because they do not cover even a fifth of the population enrolled in this consultation. These indicators should be the subject of discussion not only by health professionals in the unit of care concerned, but also by competent and health regulators, to develop corrective action plans and improvement plans to ensure quality health care population. Qualitative Study Objectives: To understand the meaning attributed by women to RCCU consultation; Understanding the perception of women about the risk of cervical cancer; Understand the meaning that women attribute to nursing care, of which they are targeted in the RCCU consultation. Methods: We collected 20 participants from the quantitative study sample for data collection. The data collection was done through a questionnaire for the sociodemographic characterization, and by semi-structured interview, to answer the research objectives. The interviews took place in an office reserved at UCSP for this purpose. For the qualitative analysis of data, the assumptions presented by Bardin using NVivo version 11 were taken into account. Results: The following categories emerged: - Women's perception of CCU risk factors; Women's perception of CCU prevention requirements; Meaning attributed by the woman to the consultation of RCCU; Reasons for not going to the CCU screening appointment; Attitudes of the woman before the consultation RCCU; Nursing interventions valued by women in the CCU screening visit; Constraints reported by women in the RCCU nursing consultation; Women's expectations regarding the work that should be developed by the nurses in the RCCU consultation; Beliefs of women regarding the gender of the professional who carries out the RCCU consultation; Feelings experienced by the woman in the face of RCCU consultation. Conclusion: There are several reasons presented by women for not attending the RCCU consultation, with cultural aspects at the genesis of different perceptions.
Abstract Background: Cervical cancer (UCC) has a huge impact on global public health, particularly in developing countries, as it involves not only significant changes in the quality of life of women, but also high expenditure on health care. However, it is about this type of cancer that one can most act in terms of prevention and cure. Screening for cervical cancer (RCCU) plays a key role in preventive terms as it allows the early detection of cellular changes which can lead to highly invasive forms of cancer. Considering the importance of RCCU, we performed a non-experimental, quantitative / qualitative, transverse, exploratory and descriptive study, which we present separately. The study respected all ethical principles for the development of research studies. In addition to requesting authorization from the interveners through informed consent, authorization was obtained by the ULS Ethics Committee of the institution involved in the study (Central Region of Portugal). Quantitative Study Objectives: To determine the number of women enrolled in the Seia Personalized Health Care Unit, with age to perform RCCU, in the triennium 2013-2015; To identify the prevalence of non-attendance to women's RCCU consultation; To determine the prevalence of positive CCU cases. Methods: This is a. Quantitative study: the population consists of women enrolled in a UCSP of a ULS of the central region of Portugal. The non-probabilistic sample for convenience is composed of women enrolled in a UCSP of a ULS of the central region of Portugal, who lacked at least one consultation of RCCU, aged between 27 and 64 years of age. Data on the number of women enrolled in UCSP at screening age (25-64 years) were obtained from the National Primary Care Information System (SINUS), provided by the Statistics, Planning and Management Support Service (SEPAG) of the ULS participating in the study. Frequency data from the cervical cancer screening visit for determination of RCCU prevalence were obtained by counting the cytology results through the paper-based files in the respective unit. For the analysis of data, the numerical and percentage values for the determination of prevalence were taken into account using SPSS version 24. Results: The UCSP study showed a decrease in the number of women (at screening age) who presented at the RCCU consultation in the 2013-2015 triennium. If in 2013 about 16% of the women did the RCCU consultation, in 2015 the attendance prevalence was only 11%. The qualitative study made it possible to observe that the main reasons explaining the absence of women are personal (such as shame and discomfort with the male doctor) and professionals (incompatibility of schedules and unavailability of the doctor to call). Because of these constraints, some women turn to the private sector for continued care, to be able to choose the doctor who does the RCCU, to be able to choose the appointment time, and to feel more at ease. Conclusions: Health surveillance indicators for the RCCU in the UCSP under study are highly worrisome because they do not cover even a fifth of the population enrolled in this consultation. These indicators should be the subject of discussion not only by health professionals in the unit of care concerned, but also by competent and health regulators, to develop corrective action plans and improvement plans to ensure quality health care population. Qualitative Study Objectives: To understand the meaning attributed by women to RCCU consultation; Understanding the perception of women about the risk of cervical cancer; Understand the meaning that women attribute to nursing care, of which they are targeted in the RCCU consultation. Methods: We collected 20 participants from the quantitative study sample for data collection. The data collection was done through a questionnaire for the sociodemographic characterization, and by semi-structured interview, to answer the research objectives. The interviews took place in an office reserved at UCSP for this purpose. For the qualitative analysis of data, the assumptions presented by Bardin using NVivo version 11 were taken into account. Results: The following categories emerged: - Women's perception of CCU risk factors; Women's perception of CCU prevention requirements; Meaning attributed by the woman to the consultation of RCCU; Reasons for not going to the CCU screening appointment; Attitudes of the woman before the consultation RCCU; Nursing interventions valued by women in the CCU screening visit; Constraints reported by women in the RCCU nursing consultation; Women's expectations regarding the work that should be developed by the nurses in the RCCU consultation; Beliefs of women regarding the gender of the professional who carries out the RCCU consultation; Feelings experienced by the woman in the face of RCCU consultation. Conclusion: There are several reasons presented by women for not attending the RCCU consultation, with cultural aspects at the genesis of different perceptions.
Description
Keywords
Atitude perante a saúde Mulher Neoplasias do colo do útero Programas de rastreio Attitude to health Mass screening Uterine cervical neoplasms Women