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As mulheres com Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo (PEA) confrontam-se com diferentes barreiras à sua inclusão social, verificando-se uma escassez de literatura científica em torno da sua situação. Neste sentido, esta investigação, que contou com a participação de 13 mulheres portuguesas com PEA, com uma média de idades de 28,38 anos (DP=4,27), teve como objetivos compreender as suas perceções sobre a inclusão, identificar as barreiras sociais experienciadas e conhecer as recomendações de melhoria das participantes para a concretização da inclusão. Assim, este estudo qualitativo do tipo exploratório descritivo recorreu à entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento de recolha de dados, de modo a permitir uma maior compreensão das vivências e perceções das participantes. Mesmo identificando alguns progressos, a perceção de descredibilização do diagnóstico e de falta de conhecimento sobre as características da mulher com PEA, pelos profissionais, o excesso de estímulos sensoriais em espaços públicos, as expectativas de género que recaem sobre os comportamentos das mulheres, com e sem PEA, desde a infância, as dificuldades no acesso ao emprego, incluindo as entrevistas, o desconhecimento e insensibilidade da sociedade sobre a PEA e o pouco apoio percebido por parte do Serviço Nacional de Saúde foram as principais barreiras à inclusão identificadas pelas entrevistadas. As participantes propuseram algumas recomendações para que mulheres com PEA consigam sentir-se mais incluídas na sociedade, como um maior suporte técnico/especializado para pessoas adultas com PEA, a existência de acomodações no contexto laboral e nas entrevistas de emprego, mais investimento da sociedade em conhecimento sobre a PEA e a necessidade do diagnóstico precoce, em particular nas meninas/mulheres.
Deste modo, entende-se a importância de dar voz às pessoas com PEA para que exponham os desafios e obstáculos vivenciados no seu quotidiano, bem como para que tenham a possibilidade de sugerir alternativas que melhorem a sua qualidade de vida. É também fundamental que técnicos de educação, apoio social e saúde invistam na sua formação contínua e apoiem na sensibilização sobre a PEA nas pessoas adultas, nomeadamente em mulheres, em Portugal, de modo a promoverem uma sociedade mais inclusiva.
Women with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face various barriers to social inclusion, and there is a noticeable lack of scientific literature addressing their situation. This research, which involved 13 Portuguese women with ASD, with an average age of 28,38 years (SD=4.27), aimed to understand their perceptions of inclusion, identify the social barriers they experience and gather their recommendations for improving inclusion. This exploratory-descriptive qualitative (EDQ) research used semi-structured interviews as the data collection method to allow a deeper understanding of the participants' experiences and perceptions. Despite acknowledging some progress, the participants identified several key barriers to inclusion: the discrediting of their diagnosis and lack of understanding of the characteristics of women with ASD by professionals; the overload of sensory stimuli in public spaces; gender expectations imposed on women, both with and without ASD, from childhood; difficulties in accessing employment, including job interviews; society's lack of awareness and sensitivity about ASD; and the limited support perceived from the National Health Service. The participants proposed some recommendations to help women with ASD feel more included in society, such as increased technical/specialized support for adults with ASD, workplace accommodations and adjustments in job interviews, greater societal investment in knowledge about ASD, and the need for early diagnosis, particularly in girls/women. Therefore, it is understood that it is crucial to give voice to people with ASD so they can highlight the challenges and obstacles they face in their daily lives and suggest alternatives to improve their quality of life. Additionally, it’s essential for education, social support, and healthcare professionals to invest in their ongoing training and raise awareness about ASD in adults, particularly in women, in Portugal, to promote a more inclusive society.
Women with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face various barriers to social inclusion, and there is a noticeable lack of scientific literature addressing their situation. This research, which involved 13 Portuguese women with ASD, with an average age of 28,38 years (SD=4.27), aimed to understand their perceptions of inclusion, identify the social barriers they experience and gather their recommendations for improving inclusion. This exploratory-descriptive qualitative (EDQ) research used semi-structured interviews as the data collection method to allow a deeper understanding of the participants' experiences and perceptions. Despite acknowledging some progress, the participants identified several key barriers to inclusion: the discrediting of their diagnosis and lack of understanding of the characteristics of women with ASD by professionals; the overload of sensory stimuli in public spaces; gender expectations imposed on women, both with and without ASD, from childhood; difficulties in accessing employment, including job interviews; society's lack of awareness and sensitivity about ASD; and the limited support perceived from the National Health Service. The participants proposed some recommendations to help women with ASD feel more included in society, such as increased technical/specialized support for adults with ASD, workplace accommodations and adjustments in job interviews, greater societal investment in knowledge about ASD, and the need for early diagnosis, particularly in girls/women. Therefore, it is understood that it is crucial to give voice to people with ASD so they can highlight the challenges and obstacles they face in their daily lives and suggest alternatives to improve their quality of life. Additionally, it’s essential for education, social support, and healthcare professionals to invest in their ongoing training and raise awareness about ASD in adults, particularly in women, in Portugal, to promote a more inclusive society.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo Mulheres Inclusão.
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Gonçalves e Xavier (2025)
Editora
Escola Superior de Educação de Viseu
Licença CC
Sem licença CC