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Authors
Abstract(s)
O presente relatório corresponde ao estágio curricular, integrado no âmbito da unidade
curricular de Estágio do curso de Mestrado em Tecnologias Ambientais da Escola Superior
de Tecnologia e Gestão de Viseu, foi realizado na secção de Tratamento Biológico da
Unidade de Tratamento Mecânico e Biológico (TMB) do Centro Integrado de Tratamento de
Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) de Aveiro da ERSUC – Resíduos Sólidos do Centro S.A.,
durante o período compreendido entre os meses de dezembro de 2013 e junho de 2014.
A Unidade de TMB compreende uma digestão anaeróbia (DA) realizada por via húmida que
requer normalmente elevados consumos de água no seu pré-tratamento por forma a obter
uma significativa degradação da matéria orgânica e produção de biogás. Como tal torna-se
necessário realizar testes de minimização dos consumos de água no pré-tratamento e
investigar os impactes da redução do consumo de água nos digestores anaeróbios, assim
como de outras intervenções realizadas aos mesmos.
Para atingir os objetivos propostos realizou-se inicialmente uma caracterização da situação
de referência do processo, estudando os seus consumos de água, e realizando balanços
mássicos (BMs) ao mesmo, verificando-se um consumo de 78,2 Kg de água para tratar
21,8 Kg de fração orgânica de RSU (FORSU) dos quais 70,7% da água foi adicionada no
pulper à FORSU. Verificou-se ainda que 49,5 % do teor de ST existente na suspensão da
FORSU são removidos durante o tratamento mecânico húmido (TMH). Numa segunda fase,
foram testados 5 cenários com diferentes reduções no consumo de água no TMH, e
monitorizadas as diferentes variáveis do mesmo, sendo com o 5º cenário que se obteve a
maior redução do consumo de água no processo.
Avaliaram-se ainda os impactos da redução do consumo de água na DA, analisando
comparativamente os parâmetros de conceção e operação dos digestores e os dados de
controlo recolhidos da sua operação, nomeadamente o tempo de retenção hidráulico, o pH,
a temperatura, a eficiência de remoção, o biogás gerado tonelada de FORSU, assim como a
produção diária de eletricidade e biogás, antes e após a redução da hidratação da
suspensão afluente bem como as intervenções de operação-manutenção realizadas nos
digestores.
Concluiu-se que a eficiência dos mesmos é muito mais sensível às mudanças operacionais
que se verificaram no sistema de aquecimento e agitação do que à redução de consumo de
água que ocorreu paralelamente.
ABSTRACT: This report corresponds to the traineeship, integrated within the Master course in Environmental Technology of Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Viseu,, realized in the Biological Treatment section of the Mechanical and Biological Treatment unit (MBT) of the Center of Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Treatment (MSW) of Aveiro, ERSUC – Resíduos Sólidos do Centro S.A, between December 2013 and June 2014. The MBT unit comprises an anaerobic digestion (AD) performed by wet which usually requires high consumption of water in their pre-treatment in order to obtain a significant degradation of organic matter and biogas production. As such it becomes necessary to conduct tests to minimize water consumption in pretreatment and investigate the impacts of water consumption reduction in anaerobic digesters, as well as other interventions to them. To achieve the proposed objectives was initially held a characterization of the system baseline, studying their water consumption, and performing mass balances (MBs) to those, verifying a consumption of 78,2 Kg of water to treat 21,8 Kg of organic fractions of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) of which 70.7% water was added in the pulper to the OFMSW. It was also found that 49,5% of the TS content existing in the OFMSW suspension are removed during the wet mechanical treatment (WMT). In a second phase, 5 scenarios were tested with different reductions in water consumption in WMT and the different variables were monitored in the same one, being with the 5th scenario that had the highest reduction of water consumption in the process. There were also evaluated the impacts of water consumption reduction in AD comparing the parameters of design and operation of the digesters and the control data collected in its operation, including hydraulic retention time, pH, temperature, removal efficiency, biogas generated ton of OFMSW, as well as the daily production of biogas and electricity, before and after reduction of the hydration of the influent suspension as well as the and maintenance operations and interventions made in the digesters. It was concluded that their efficiency is much more sensitive to operational changes that have occurred in the heating and stirring system than the reduction of water consumption that occurred in parallel.
ABSTRACT: This report corresponds to the traineeship, integrated within the Master course in Environmental Technology of Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Viseu,, realized in the Biological Treatment section of the Mechanical and Biological Treatment unit (MBT) of the Center of Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Treatment (MSW) of Aveiro, ERSUC – Resíduos Sólidos do Centro S.A, between December 2013 and June 2014. The MBT unit comprises an anaerobic digestion (AD) performed by wet which usually requires high consumption of water in their pre-treatment in order to obtain a significant degradation of organic matter and biogas production. As such it becomes necessary to conduct tests to minimize water consumption in pretreatment and investigate the impacts of water consumption reduction in anaerobic digesters, as well as other interventions to them. To achieve the proposed objectives was initially held a characterization of the system baseline, studying their water consumption, and performing mass balances (MBs) to those, verifying a consumption of 78,2 Kg of water to treat 21,8 Kg of organic fractions of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) of which 70.7% water was added in the pulper to the OFMSW. It was also found that 49,5% of the TS content existing in the OFMSW suspension are removed during the wet mechanical treatment (WMT). In a second phase, 5 scenarios were tested with different reductions in water consumption in WMT and the different variables were monitored in the same one, being with the 5th scenario that had the highest reduction of water consumption in the process. There were also evaluated the impacts of water consumption reduction in AD comparing the parameters of design and operation of the digesters and the control data collected in its operation, including hydraulic retention time, pH, temperature, removal efficiency, biogas generated ton of OFMSW, as well as the daily production of biogas and electricity, before and after reduction of the hydration of the influent suspension as well as the and maintenance operations and interventions made in the digesters. It was concluded that their efficiency is much more sensitive to operational changes that have occurred in the heating and stirring system than the reduction of water consumption that occurred in parallel.
Description
Keywords
Tratamento Mecânico e Biológico Digestão anaeróbia Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos Balanço Mássico Digestor anaeróbio