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Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: Portugal regista uma prevalência de 12,90 % para a diabetes mellitus
tipo 2. A prevalência da diabetes mellitus tipo 2 está associado às rápidas mudanças culturais
e sociais, ao envelhecimento da população, à crescente urbanização, às alterações
alimentares, à redução da atividade física e a estilos de vida não saudável, bem como a outros
padrões comportamentais. A motivação impulsiona a pessoa a agir de determinada forma.
Considera-se que uma elevada motivação é um fator de predisposição para uma adesão eficaz.
Objetivos: Os objetivos deste estudo são: (i) Determinar a prevalência da adesão à
terapêutica da pessoa com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. (ii) Analisar a relação entre a motivação
da pessoa com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e consequentemente a sua adesão à terapêutica. (iii)
Identificar as variáveis sociodemográficas e clinicas que influenciam a adesão à terapêutica
da pessoa com diabetes tipo 2 quando mediadas pela motivação para a adesão à terapêutica.
Métodos: Estudo do tipo observacional, transversal, descritivo-correlacional e explicativo,
realizado numa amostra de 181 participantes. Para a recolha de dados foi usado um
questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica, uma escala de motivação para o tratamento
(EMT) que resulta de uma adaptação para a língua portuguesa do Treatment Self-regulation
Questionnaire (TRSQ) realizada por Apóstolo, Viveiros, Nunes, Domingues (2007). E uma
escala de adesão ao tratamento (MAT) de Morisky, Green e Levine (1986), traduzida, adaptada
e validada para Portugal por Delgado e Lima (2001).
Resultados: Constatámos que os participantes no estudo ingerem excessivamente
hidratos de carbono e lípidos em relação ao recomendado. Existe um défice de acompanhamento
em consultas de diabetologia. Os participantes apresentam em 91,20% dos casos complicações
associadas á diabetes. Só realizam exercício físico 1 vez por semana o que é escasso.
A amostra apresenta uma média de 175,64 mg/dl de glicémia capilar, o que nos indica
valores acima dos padronizados. Os participantes encontram-se medicados em 96,10 % dos
casos. A taxa de motivação é de 54,40% e a adesão à terapêutica acontece em 69,50 % dos
casos. A prevalência da diabetes no estudo é de 65,58 %. A variável adesão é não preditora
da motivação. A Escolaridade, existência de problemas saúde associados e o tempo de diabetes
mediada pela motivação são as variáveis dependentes da adesão à terapêutica.
Conclusões: As evidências encontradas neste estudo indicam que o grau de motivação
influência a aderência ou não à terapêutica. A enfâse na tríade de tratamento é dado à
medicação colocando em segundo plano a alimentação e o exercício físico. Neste sentido,
atendendo às competências do enfermeiro especialista de enfermagem Médico-cirúrgica, seria
de extrema importância atuar no sentido de promoção de hábitos saudáveis e ainda realçar
perante os outros profissionais de saúde a importância dos determinantes do tratamento na
diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Palavras-chave: Diabetes mellitus tipo 2; Adesão; Motivação.
Abstract Framework: Portugal has a prevalence of 12.90% for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with rapid cultural and societal changes, population aging, increasing urbanization, dietary changes , Reduced physical activity and unhealthy lifestyles, as well as other behavioral patterns. Motivation drives the person to act in a certain way. High motivation is considered to be a predisposing factor for effective adherence. Objectives: The objectives of this study are: (i) To determine the prevalence of adherence to the therapy of the person with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (Ii) To analyze the relationship between the motivation of the person with type 2 diabetes mellitus and consequently their adherence to therapeutics. (Iii) Identify the sociodemographic and clinical variables that influence the adherence to the therapy of the person with type 2 diabetes when mediated by the motivation for adherence to the therapeutics. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational and explanatory study performed in a sample of 181 participants. To collect data, a sociodemographic characterization questionnaire, a motivation scale for treatment (EMT) was used, resulting from an adaptation to the Portuguese language of the Treatment Self-regulation Questionnaire (TRSQ) performed by Apostle, Viveiros, Nunes , Domingues (2007). And a treatment adherence scale (MAT) by Morisky, Green and Levine (1986), translated, adapted and validated for Portugal by Delgado and Lima (2001). Results: We found that the participants in the study ingest excess carbohydrate and lipids in relation to the recommended one. There is a lack of follow-up in diabetes clinics. The participants present in 91.20% of the cases complications associated with diabetes. They only perform physical exercise once a week, which is scarce. The sample shows an average of 175.64 mg / dl of capillary glycemia, which indicates values above the standardized ones. The participants were medicated in 96.10% of the cases. The motivation rate is 54.40% and adherence to therapy occurs in 69.50% of the cases. The prevalence of diabetes in the study is 65.58%. The variable adherence is not predictive of motivation. Schooling, the existence of associated health problems and the time of diabetes mediated by motivation are the outstanding variables of adherence to therapy. Conclusion: The evidence found in this study indicates that the degree of motivation influences the adherence or not to the therapy. Emphasis on the triad of treatment is given to medication by placing the diet and exercise in the background. In this sense, it would be extremely important to take into account the competences of the nurse specialist in medical and surgical nursing, in order to promote healthy habits and to highlight to other health professionals the importance of the determinants of treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Adhesion, motivation.
Abstract Framework: Portugal has a prevalence of 12.90% for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with rapid cultural and societal changes, population aging, increasing urbanization, dietary changes , Reduced physical activity and unhealthy lifestyles, as well as other behavioral patterns. Motivation drives the person to act in a certain way. High motivation is considered to be a predisposing factor for effective adherence. Objectives: The objectives of this study are: (i) To determine the prevalence of adherence to the therapy of the person with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (Ii) To analyze the relationship between the motivation of the person with type 2 diabetes mellitus and consequently their adherence to therapeutics. (Iii) Identify the sociodemographic and clinical variables that influence the adherence to the therapy of the person with type 2 diabetes when mediated by the motivation for adherence to the therapeutics. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational and explanatory study performed in a sample of 181 participants. To collect data, a sociodemographic characterization questionnaire, a motivation scale for treatment (EMT) was used, resulting from an adaptation to the Portuguese language of the Treatment Self-regulation Questionnaire (TRSQ) performed by Apostle, Viveiros, Nunes , Domingues (2007). And a treatment adherence scale (MAT) by Morisky, Green and Levine (1986), translated, adapted and validated for Portugal by Delgado and Lima (2001). Results: We found that the participants in the study ingest excess carbohydrate and lipids in relation to the recommended one. There is a lack of follow-up in diabetes clinics. The participants present in 91.20% of the cases complications associated with diabetes. They only perform physical exercise once a week, which is scarce. The sample shows an average of 175.64 mg / dl of capillary glycemia, which indicates values above the standardized ones. The participants were medicated in 96.10% of the cases. The motivation rate is 54.40% and adherence to therapy occurs in 69.50% of the cases. The prevalence of diabetes in the study is 65.58%. The variable adherence is not predictive of motivation. Schooling, the existence of associated health problems and the time of diabetes mediated by motivation are the outstanding variables of adherence to therapy. Conclusion: The evidence found in this study indicates that the degree of motivation influences the adherence or not to the therapy. Emphasis on the triad of treatment is given to medication by placing the diet and exercise in the background. In this sense, it would be extremely important to take into account the competences of the nurse specialist in medical and surgical nursing, in order to promote healthy habits and to highlight to other health professionals the importance of the determinants of treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Adhesion, motivation.
Description
Keywords
Adesão à medicação Cooperação do doente Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Motivação Diabetes mellitus, type 2 Medication adherence Motivation Patient compliance