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Abstract(s)
O fenómeno do aquecimento global e as consequentes alterações climáticas torna
inevitável a reestruturação dos atuais sistemas energéticos, intensivos em carbono. Ao longo
dos últimos anos, muita investigação sobre políticas e tecnologias para a descarbonização tem
vindo a ser desenvolvida, resultando num elevado volume de artigos científicos, projetos de
investigação e patentes. Este volume torna complexa a compreensão da relevância das diversas
tecnologias e estratégias de descarbonização que a comunidade científica tem vindo a propor.
O presente trabalho, desenvolvido no âmbito do projeto Transições Transformativas
Sustentáveis - Conciliar a Aceleração das Transições para Baixo Carbono com Transformações
do Sistema (PTDC/GES-AMB/0934/2020), apresenta uma metodologia que permite
percecionar as tendências tecnológicas, no âmbito da descarbonização, presentes na literatura
científica, projetos e patentes. Esta metodologia, baseada em análise bibliométrica, utiliza de
dois programas informáticos de mineração de texto, especificamente, o “Tools for Innovation
Monitoring” (TIM) e o VOSviewer.
A aplicação da metodologia desenvolvida, sobre bases de dados de publicações
científicas (SCOPUS e Web Of Science), de patentes (PATSTAT) e projetos de investigação
(CORDIS), evidencia que as tecnologias de captura e armazenamento de carbono, o H2, o
armazenamento de energia, as fontes renováveis de energia e a mobilidade elétrica foram, no
período 2011-2021, aquelas que mais atenção receberam por parte da comunidade científica.
Não obstante, outras tecnologias foram também identificadas, incluindo tecnologias de resposta
da procura, microrredes e redes inteligentes. Os domínios de tecnologias promissoras
identificados são enquadrados em três grupos fundamentais: tecnologias do lado da oferta
(exemplo: eletricidade, H2), tecnologias do lado da procura (exemplo: mobilidade elétrica,
resposta da procura) e tecnologias relacionadas com infraestruturas (exemplo: redes inteligentes
e microrredes). As tecnologias mais relevantes que foram identificadas são descritas,
evidenciando-se a sua maturidade e custo.
Ainda que dependentes das bases de dados consideradas, os resultados apontam para
uma ênfase nas tecnologias do lado da oferta, podendo abordagens mais distribuídas e com
grande potencial de descarbonização, nomeadamente do lado da procura, não estarem a ser
suficientemente investigadas. Outra conclusão retirada é que não existe um caminho “mágico”
universal para a transição energética, o que se deve ao facto de os recursos energéticos
disponíveis em diferentes regiões serem diversos e de se encontrarem em diferentes proporções.
Assim, países com abundância de recursos renováveis tendem a centrar esforços nesses
recursos, enquanto países com recursos fósseis tendem a optar por tecnologias de captura e
armazenamento de carbono. A maturidade das tecnologias e a sua relação custo-benefício
também influenciam os decisores, uma vez que as opções por tecnologias são condicionadas
pela maturidade destas a qual tende a reduzir os respetivos custos.
ABSTRACT: The phenomenon of global warming and consequent climate change makes the restructuring of current carbon-intensive energy systems inevitable. Over the last few years, much research on policies and technologies for decarbonisation has been developed, resulting in a high volume of scientific articles, research projects and patents. This volume makes it complex to understand the relevance of the different technologies and decarbonisation strategies that the scientific community has been proposing. The present work, developed within the project titled Sustainable Transformative Transitions - Reconciling the Acceleration of Transitions to Low Carbon with System Transformations (PTDC/GES-AMB/0934/2020), presents a methodology that allows the perception of technological trends, within the scope of decarbonisation, in the scientific literature, projects and patents. The process is based on bibliometric analysis, using two text mining computer programs, specifically the "Tools for Innovation Monitoring - TIM" and the VOSviewer. The developed methodology was applied in databases of scientific publications (SCOPUS and Web Of Science), patents (PATSTAT) and research projects (CORDIS). The result shows that carbon capture and storage technologies, hydrogen, energy storage, renewable energy sources and electric mobility were, in the period 2011-2021, those that received the most attention from the scientific community. However, other technologies have also been identified, including demand response technologies, microgrids and smart grids. The identified promising technology domains fall into three key groups: supply-side technologies (e.g. electricity, hydrogen), demand-side technologies (e.g. electric mobility, demand response) and infrastructure-related technologies (e.g. smart grids and microgrids). The most relevant technologies identified are then described, showing their maturity and cost. Although dependent on the databases considered, the results emphasise supply-side technologies, with more distributed approaches with great potential for decarbonisation, namely on the demand side, possibly not being sufficiently investigated. Another conclusion drawn is that there is no universal "magic" path for energy transition because the energy resources available in different regions are diverse and found in different proportions. Thus, countries with abundant renewable resources tend to focus on these resources, while countries with fossil resources tend to opt for carbon capture and storage technologies. The technologies' maturity and cost-benefit ratio influence decision-makers since the options for technologies are conditioned by their maturity, which tends to reduce the respective costs.
ABSTRACT: The phenomenon of global warming and consequent climate change makes the restructuring of current carbon-intensive energy systems inevitable. Over the last few years, much research on policies and technologies for decarbonisation has been developed, resulting in a high volume of scientific articles, research projects and patents. This volume makes it complex to understand the relevance of the different technologies and decarbonisation strategies that the scientific community has been proposing. The present work, developed within the project titled Sustainable Transformative Transitions - Reconciling the Acceleration of Transitions to Low Carbon with System Transformations (PTDC/GES-AMB/0934/2020), presents a methodology that allows the perception of technological trends, within the scope of decarbonisation, in the scientific literature, projects and patents. The process is based on bibliometric analysis, using two text mining computer programs, specifically the "Tools for Innovation Monitoring - TIM" and the VOSviewer. The developed methodology was applied in databases of scientific publications (SCOPUS and Web Of Science), patents (PATSTAT) and research projects (CORDIS). The result shows that carbon capture and storage technologies, hydrogen, energy storage, renewable energy sources and electric mobility were, in the period 2011-2021, those that received the most attention from the scientific community. However, other technologies have also been identified, including demand response technologies, microgrids and smart grids. The identified promising technology domains fall into three key groups: supply-side technologies (e.g. electricity, hydrogen), demand-side technologies (e.g. electric mobility, demand response) and infrastructure-related technologies (e.g. smart grids and microgrids). The most relevant technologies identified are then described, showing their maturity and cost. Although dependent on the databases considered, the results emphasise supply-side technologies, with more distributed approaches with great potential for decarbonisation, namely on the demand side, possibly not being sufficiently investigated. Another conclusion drawn is that there is no universal "magic" path for energy transition because the energy resources available in different regions are diverse and found in different proportions. Thus, countries with abundant renewable resources tend to focus on these resources, while countries with fossil resources tend to opt for carbon capture and storage technologies. The technologies' maturity and cost-benefit ratio influence decision-makers since the options for technologies are conditioned by their maturity, which tends to reduce the respective costs.
Description
Keywords
Descarbonização Mineração de texto Transição sustentável Tecnologias de descarbonização