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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A pratica especializada em enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica contribui para o desenvolvimento de competências do enfermeiro perante a pessoa em situação crítica. A pandemia COVID-19 precipitou perturbações sociais e uso excecional de serviços de saúde, transformando significativamente os ambientes de trabalho e as suas exigências tendo os profissionais de saúde de prestar cuidados num ambiente desfavorável. Baseada numa área de motivação e interesse profissional para a investigação surgiu o tema “Burnout no enfermeiro em tempo COVID-19”.
Objetivos: Descrever a prevalência para o Burnout entre os enfermeiros que trabalham em ambiente hospitalar em tempos de pandemia COVID-19 e identificar fatores promotores/protetores para o desenvolvimento de Burnout nesses mesmos profissionais.
Métodos: Para o estudo da temática recorremos a uma Scoping Review, utilizando a metodologia da The Joanna Briggs Institute. Os artigos foram selecionados no período de publicação de 2020 a 2022. A pesquisa foi feita através da Medline e Scopus, os estudos encontrados foram posteriormente avaliados, tendo em consideração os critérios de inclusão e de exclusão.
Resultados: Com base na Revisão da Literatura observou-se uma proporção de enfermeiros com Burnout a variar entre os 12% e os 90%. Constatou-se um risco de Despersonalização (DP) de 29%-47,6%, de Exaustão Emocional (EE) de 38%-61,9% e de Realização Pessoal (RP) de 31%-34,3%. Ainda foi verificada uma correlação positiva entre o EE e a DP com a qualidade dos cuidados e uma correlação negativa entre RP com cuidados de saúde deficientes. Quanto aos fatores de risco para o burnout, apontam-se a carga de trabalho, falta de Equipamento de Proteção Individual, trabalho com doentes com COVID-19, insónia, depressão e rácios de cuidados em enfermagem. Como fatores protetores poder-se-ão registar o apoio social dos colegas, dos superiores, da direção e familiares, diminuição da carga de trabalho e do stress, capacidades pessoais, liderança e adequação de recursos.
Conclusão: Os enfermeiros apresentavam risco elevado de Exaustão Emocional e Despersonalização nos serviços com doentes Covid-19, sendo que, a elevada taxa de mortalidade dos doente contribuiu para uma diminuição da realização pessoal. Como fatores de risco enumeram-se características do local de trabalho e questões de saúde pessoal. Para os fatores protetores destaca-se a interação social com o ambiente e condições de trabalho positivas.
Palavras-chave: Enfermeiros; Hospitais; COVID-19; Burnout; Psicológico
Abstract Introduction: Specialized practice in Medical-Surgical Nursing contributes to the development of nurses' skills when dealing with people in critical situations. The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated social disruption and exceptional use of health services, transforming significantly work environments and their demands, with health professionals providing care in an unfavourable environment. Based on a motivational area and professional interest, for research has emerged the theme “Burnout in nurses during COVID-19”. Objective: To describe prevalence of Burnout among nurses working in a hospital environment during COVID-19 pandemic and to identify promoting/protective factors for the development of Burnout in these same professionals. Method: To study the theme, we resorted to a Scoping Review, using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Selected articles were published between 2020 to 2022. Search was carried out through Medline and Scopus, studies found were subsequently evaluated, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Based on the Literature Review, was observed a proportion of nurses with Burnout ranging from 12% to 90%. There was a risk of Depersonalization (DP) of 29%-47.6%, Emotional Exhaustion (EE) of 38%-61.9% and Personal Fulfilment (PF) of 31%-34.3%. There was also verified a positive correlation between EE and DP with quality of care and a negative correlation between PF and poor health care. As for risk factors for burnout are highlighted workload, lack of Personal Protective Equipment, work with patients with COVID-19, insomnia, depression and nursing care ratios. As protective factors can be noted social support from colleagues, superiors, management and family members, reduction of workload and stress, personal abilities, leadership and adequacy of resources. Conclusion: Nurses were at high risk of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization in services with COVID-19 patients, and the high mortality rate of patients contributed to a decrease in personal fulfilment. As risk factors, are listed characteristics of the workplace and personal health issues. For protective factors stands out social interaction with the environment and positive working conditions. Keywords: Nurses; Hospitals; COVID-19; Burnout; Psychological
Abstract Introduction: Specialized practice in Medical-Surgical Nursing contributes to the development of nurses' skills when dealing with people in critical situations. The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated social disruption and exceptional use of health services, transforming significantly work environments and their demands, with health professionals providing care in an unfavourable environment. Based on a motivational area and professional interest, for research has emerged the theme “Burnout in nurses during COVID-19”. Objective: To describe prevalence of Burnout among nurses working in a hospital environment during COVID-19 pandemic and to identify promoting/protective factors for the development of Burnout in these same professionals. Method: To study the theme, we resorted to a Scoping Review, using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Selected articles were published between 2020 to 2022. Search was carried out through Medline and Scopus, studies found were subsequently evaluated, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Based on the Literature Review, was observed a proportion of nurses with Burnout ranging from 12% to 90%. There was a risk of Depersonalization (DP) of 29%-47.6%, Emotional Exhaustion (EE) of 38%-61.9% and Personal Fulfilment (PF) of 31%-34.3%. There was also verified a positive correlation between EE and DP with quality of care and a negative correlation between PF and poor health care. As for risk factors for burnout are highlighted workload, lack of Personal Protective Equipment, work with patients with COVID-19, insomnia, depression and nursing care ratios. As protective factors can be noted social support from colleagues, superiors, management and family members, reduction of workload and stress, personal abilities, leadership and adequacy of resources. Conclusion: Nurses were at high risk of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization in services with COVID-19 patients, and the high mortality rate of patients contributed to a decrease in personal fulfilment. As risk factors, are listed characteristics of the workplace and personal health issues. For protective factors stands out social interaction with the environment and positive working conditions. Keywords: Nurses; Hospitals; COVID-19; Burnout; Psychological
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Keywords
Burnout profissional Competência clínica Competência profissional Covid 19 Enfermeiros Revisão Serviço de urgência hospitalar Unidades de cuidados intensivos Burnout, professional Clinical competence Emergency service, hospital Intensive care units Nurses Professional competence Review