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Dilemas sobre os benefícios e os riscos da utilização da tecnologia em crianças : Uma scoping review
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: As consequências do uso de tecnologias em crianças com idade até aos cinco anos, assume uma relevância indelével no âmbito da prática colaborativa de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar e, ainda, face ao elevado número de crianças com excesso de horas de contacto tecnologias, sobretudo para fins recreativos.
Objetivo: Mapear a evidência científica existente sobre as consequências/efeitos negativos e positivos do uso da tecnologia.
Metodologia: Scoping review realizada com base nas recomendações metodológicas do Joanna Briggs Institute, seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA-ScR. A pesquisa foi efetuada nas bases de dados PubMed e CINAHL Complete, em 24 e 27 de dezembro de 2024. Do total de 1116 artigos recuperados, seis preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram incluídos na revisão.
Resultados: As evidências mostram que os efeitos do uso de tecnologia digital por crianças até aos cinco anos são diversos e dependem de fatores como o tempo de exposição, a qualidade do conteúdo, a supervisão parental e o equilíbrio com outras atividades. O uso excessivo pode ter consequências negativas no desenvolvimento cognitivo, social e físico das crianças, incluindo atrasos no desenvolvimento, dificuldades de atenção, problemas comportamentais e dependência de dispositivos, está relacionado com comportamentos sedentários, como a obesidade e défices nas competências sociais. Todavia, quando moderado e educativo, com supervisão dos pais, pode trazer benefícios para o desenvolvimento cognitivo e social.
Conclusão: O estudo confirma que o Enfermeiro de Família deve capacitar as famílias para uma gestão equilibrada do tempo de ecrã, maximizando os benefícios e minimizando os riscos.
Palavras-chave: Criança; Tecnologias digitais; Família; Enfermeiro de Família.
Abstract Introduction: The consequences of the use of technology in children up to the age of five is of indelible relevance within the collaborative practice of Family Health Nursing, and also in view of the high number of children with excessive hours of contact with technology, especially for recreational purposes. Objective: To map the existing scientific evidence on the negative and positive consequences/effects of using technology. Methodology: Scoping review based on the methodological recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The search was carried out in the PubMed and CINAHL Complete databases on 24 and 27 December 2024. Of the 1116 articles retrieved, six met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Results: The evidence shows that the effects of digital technology use by children up to the age of five are diverse and depend on factors such as exposure time, content quality, parental supervision and balance with other activities. Excessive use can have negative consequences for children's cognitive, social and physical development, including developmental delays, attention difficulties, behavioural problems and device dependency, and is linked to sedentary behaviours such as obesity and deficits in social skills. However, when moderate and educational, with parental supervision, it can bring benefits for cognitive and social development. Conclusion: The study confirms that the Family Nurse should train families to manage screen time in a balanced way, maximising the benefits and minimising the risks. Keywords: Child; Digital technologies; Family; Family Nurse.
Abstract Introduction: The consequences of the use of technology in children up to the age of five is of indelible relevance within the collaborative practice of Family Health Nursing, and also in view of the high number of children with excessive hours of contact with technology, especially for recreational purposes. Objective: To map the existing scientific evidence on the negative and positive consequences/effects of using technology. Methodology: Scoping review based on the methodological recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The search was carried out in the PubMed and CINAHL Complete databases on 24 and 27 December 2024. Of the 1116 articles retrieved, six met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Results: The evidence shows that the effects of digital technology use by children up to the age of five are diverse and depend on factors such as exposure time, content quality, parental supervision and balance with other activities. Excessive use can have negative consequences for children's cognitive, social and physical development, including developmental delays, attention difficulties, behavioural problems and device dependency, and is linked to sedentary behaviours such as obesity and deficits in social skills. However, when moderate and educational, with parental supervision, it can bring benefits for cognitive and social development. Conclusion: The study confirms that the Family Nurse should train families to manage screen time in a balanced way, maximising the benefits and minimising the risks. Keywords: Child; Digital technologies; Family; Family Nurse.
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Adição à tecnologia Avaliação de risco Competência profissional Criança Criança de idade pré escolar Enfermagem de família Revisão scoping Risco Tecnologia digital Tempo de ecrã Child Child preschool Digital technology Family nursing Professional competence Risk Risk assessment Scoping review Screen time Technology addiction
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