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O estigma associado à doença mental constitui um fenómeno complexo que continua a
influenciar negativamente a qualidade dos cuidados em saúde. No contexto da prática de
enfermagem, este fenómeno manifesta-se através de atitudes, crenças e comportamentos
que podem comprometer a relação terapêutica e a prestação de cuidados centrados na
pessoa. A presente dissertação teve como objetivo explorar o estigma em saúde mental a
partir da perspetiva dos enfermeiros e mapear intervenções dirigidas à sua redução em
contexto profissional.
O estudo integrou duas componentes complementares. A Parte I consistiu num estudo
qualitativo de natureza exploratória, baseado em entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas a
enfermeiros em exercício, analisadas através de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados
evidenciaram a influência da falta de formação específica, das representações sociais
associadas à doença mental, da perceção de perigosidade e do contexto organizacional na
construção do estigma, bem como a importância da empatia e da humanização nos cuidados.
A Parte II correspondeu a uma scoping review conduzida de acordo com a metodologia do
Joanna Briggs Institute, incluindo 35 estudos primários. Os resultados mostraram que
intervenções educativas, especialmente quando combinadas com contacto social,
apresentam maior potencial na redução do estigma, embora a sustentabilidade dos efeitos ao
longo do tempo permaneça variável.
A análise integrada dos resultados permitiu compreender o estigma como um fenómeno
multifatorial, influenciado por fatores formativos, relacionais e organizacionais. Os achados
reforçam a necessidade de estratégias integradas que promovam a formação contínua, o
contacto com a realidade da saúde mental e a transformação dos contextos de prática,
contribuindo para cuidados mais humanizados e centrados na pessoa.
Palavras-chave: estigma; saúde mental; enfermagem; formação; análise qualitativa; scoping
review.
Abstract Mental health stigma remains a complex phenomenon that negatively impacts the quality of healthcare. In the context of nursing practice, stigma is reflected in attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours that may compromise the therapeutic relationship and person-centred care. This dissertation aimed to explore mental health stigma from the perspective of nurses and to map interventions designed to reduce stigma in professional healthcare settings. The study comprised two complementary components. Part I consisted of an exploratory qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with practicing nurses, analysed using content analysis. Findings highlighted the influence of insufficient training, social representations of mental illness, perceived dangerousness, and organizational factors in shaping stigma, as well as the importance of empathy and humanization in care. Part II involved a scoping review conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, including 35 primary studies. Results indicated that educational interventions, particularly those combined with social contact, show greater potential in reducing stigma, although the sustainability of their effects over time remains variable. The integrated analysis of both components suggests that stigma is a multifactorial phenomenon influenced by educational, relational, and organizational factors. These findings underscore the need for integrated strategies that promote continuous training, meaningful contact with mental health contexts, and organizational change, contributing to more humanized and person-centred care. Keywords: stigma; mental health; nursing; training; qualitative analysis; scoping review.
Abstract Mental health stigma remains a complex phenomenon that negatively impacts the quality of healthcare. In the context of nursing practice, stigma is reflected in attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours that may compromise the therapeutic relationship and person-centred care. This dissertation aimed to explore mental health stigma from the perspective of nurses and to map interventions designed to reduce stigma in professional healthcare settings. The study comprised two complementary components. Part I consisted of an exploratory qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with practicing nurses, analysed using content analysis. Findings highlighted the influence of insufficient training, social representations of mental illness, perceived dangerousness, and organizational factors in shaping stigma, as well as the importance of empathy and humanization in care. Part II involved a scoping review conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, including 35 primary studies. Results indicated that educational interventions, particularly those combined with social contact, show greater potential in reducing stigma, although the sustainability of their effects over time remains variable. The integrated analysis of both components suggests that stigma is a multifactorial phenomenon influenced by educational, relational, and organizational factors. These findings underscore the need for integrated strategies that promote continuous training, meaningful contact with mental health contexts, and organizational change, contributing to more humanized and person-centred care. Keywords: stigma; mental health; nursing; training; qualitative analysis; scoping review.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Atitude do pessoal de saúde Enfermagem psiquiátrica Enfermeiros Estigma social Perturbações mentais Preconceito Saúde mental Attitude of health personnel Mental disorders Mental health Nurses Prejudice Psychiatric nursing Social stigma
