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Abstract(s)
RESUMO GERAL
Com este trabalho pretendemos abordar os aspectos relacionados com a ansiedadetraço
e a ansiedade estado, a sua influência relativamente ao género, experiência e idade,
assim como os aspectos relacionados com o treino mental e a sua inclusão no processo de
treino num grupo de nadadores.
Procurámos efectuar um trabalho que nos permita retirar ilações ou indicações, por
forma a adaptarmos processos, metodologias e estratégias, possibilitando maior sucesso na
actividade e, consequentemente, na performance e rendimento dos alunos.
Para isso, recorremos à pesquisa e análise de estudos relativos a esta área, no
sentido de procedermos correctamente na aplicação, quer dos questionários realizados
(SCAT-C Martens, Vealey e Burton, 1990) e (CSAI-2 Martens e col., 1990), assim como
na forma de implementação do treino mental. Estes instrumentos permitem-nos saber a
predisposição para a ansiedade (ansiedade-traço - SCAT-C) e verificar os níveis de
ansiedade estado (cognitiva, somática e autoconfiança – CSAI-2).
O motivo que nos impulsionou para a temática do presente estudo foi o facto de
sermos, desde há alguns anos, técnicos de natação e verificarmos, quer pela praxis, quer
pelas referências teóricas, que a componente psicológica influencia o rendimento
desportivo dos atletas.
Para Lazarus (1991), a ansiedade é uma resposta a uma ameaça percebida,
associada a uma incerteza relativamente ao que irá suceder. Pode ter um efeito facilitador
ou inibidor da performance, dependendo isso da forma como o atleta interpreta os seus
sintomas e da sua percepção de controlo sobre os acontecimentos (Eubank & Collins,
2000; Edwards, 2002).
Na generalidade, constatámos que o processo de treino incluindo a dimensão
psicológica, não se resume, simplesmente, aos aspectos técnicos, físicos e tácticos,
tomando um carácter multidimensional, preparando os atletas para a melhoria do seu
rendimento desportivo.
ABSTRACT This study focuses on aspects related to anxiety-trait and state of anxiety, its influence on gender, experience and age as well as mental training and its inclusion in the training of a group of swimmers. The aim of this study is to draw conclusions in order to adapt processes, methodologies and strategies that enable students to succeed in swimming. To accomplish the task, a research and analysis of several studies were carried out so that the questionnaires (SCAT-C Martens, Vealey and Burton, 1990) and (CSAI-2 Martens et al., 1990) and the mental training implementation were effective. These instruments allow us to know the predisposition to anxiety (anxiety-trait - SCAT-C) and verify the levels of state of anxiety (cognitive, somatic and self-confidence – CSAI-2). The reason for this study comes from the fact that being a swimming coach for several years now, we concluded that the psychological factor influences the athletes’ performances and this reality is acknowledged both by experience and theoretical references. According to Lazarus (1991), anxiety is a response to a perceived threat associated to the uncertainty of the outcome. It might have a facilitator or inhibitor effect of the performance, depending on how the athlete interprets his symptoms and his own perception of control over events. Thus, we believe that the training process that includes the psychological dimension is not just the technical, physical and tactical aspects, but it should assume a multidimensional character so that the athletes are better trained in order to achieve success in their performances.
ABSTRACT This study focuses on aspects related to anxiety-trait and state of anxiety, its influence on gender, experience and age as well as mental training and its inclusion in the training of a group of swimmers. The aim of this study is to draw conclusions in order to adapt processes, methodologies and strategies that enable students to succeed in swimming. To accomplish the task, a research and analysis of several studies were carried out so that the questionnaires (SCAT-C Martens, Vealey and Burton, 1990) and (CSAI-2 Martens et al., 1990) and the mental training implementation were effective. These instruments allow us to know the predisposition to anxiety (anxiety-trait - SCAT-C) and verify the levels of state of anxiety (cognitive, somatic and self-confidence – CSAI-2). The reason for this study comes from the fact that being a swimming coach for several years now, we concluded that the psychological factor influences the athletes’ performances and this reality is acknowledged both by experience and theoretical references. According to Lazarus (1991), anxiety is a response to a perceived threat associated to the uncertainty of the outcome. It might have a facilitator or inhibitor effect of the performance, depending on how the athlete interprets his symptoms and his own perception of control over events. Thus, we believe that the training process that includes the psychological dimension is not just the technical, physical and tactical aspects, but it should assume a multidimensional character so that the athletes are better trained in order to achieve success in their performances.
Description
Keywords
Natação Ansiedade-Traço Ansiedade Estado Treino Mental Autoconfiança
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Viseu. Escola Superior de Educação de Viseu