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Authors
Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: À gravidez associam-se grandes transformações físicas e psicossociais, é
um período repleto de sentimentos ambíguos, dúvidas e receios, que determinam a
constituição da maternidade. No terceiro trimestre, fatores sociodemográficos, obstétricos e
psicossociais parecem influenciar a autonomia, autoeficácia e poder de decisão da grávida,
portanto, a sua capacitação para o parto e maternidade. Torna-se pertinente perceber a
relação entre estes fatores e o empowerment da grávida.
Objetivos: Identificar as variáveis sociodemográficas e de contexto obstétrico que afetam o
empowerment da grávida no último trimestre da gestação; Determinar a influência das
variáveis psicossociais no empowerment da grávida.
Métodos: Estudo não experimental, transversal, quantitativo, descritivo e correlacional com
amostra não probabilística por conveniência (n=235). Colheita de dados realizada com
aplicação de um instrumento composto pelo questionário sociodemográfico e dados
obstétricos, Escala de apoio social (Sherbourne, Stewart, 1991), Escala da expectativa do
parto (Wijma e Wijma, 2005), que avalia o medo do parto e Escala do empowerment da
grávida (Kameda e Shimada, 2008), a grávidas no terceiro trimestre.
Resultados: A maioria das participantes eram nulíparas (56,3%), porém, estava grávida
pela segunda vez (54,5%), com aproximadamente 32 anos de idade, em média. O
empowerment da grávida é influenciado, nas suas dimensões, pela experiência de gravidez
(t =3,615; p <0,001) e parto anterior (t=-2,913; p <0,01), pelo apoio social (t=5,145; p=0,000),
bem como por sentimentos positivos (t=-2,834; p=0,005) e negativos (t=2,312; p=0,022)
perante o parto.
Conclusões: O apoio social, as expectativas positivas e negativas perante o parto, no final
da gravidez, determinam o empowerment da grávida. O enfermeiro é o profissional de
referência para um cuidado empoderador, o qual transmite informação, confiança,
autonomia e poder para a tomada de decisão, capacitando a mulher para o parto e
maternidade.
Palavras-chave: Empowerment na grávida, Apoio social, Medo do parto.
Abstract Background: Pregnancy is associated with major physical and psychosocial changes. It’s a period full of mixed feelings, doubts and fears, which determines the constitution of motherhood. In the third trimester, sociodemographic, obstetric and psychosocial factors seems to influence the autonomy, self-efficacy and decision-making of pregnant, their capacity for childbirth and motherhood. So, it is pertinent to understand the relationship between these factors and the pregnant women’s empowerment. Objectives: Identify the sociodemographic and obstetric context variables that affects the empowerment of pregnant in the last trimester of pregnancy; Determine which psychosocial variables influence the empowerment of pregnant women. Methods: Non-experimental, cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive and correlational study with non-probabilistic convenience sample (n=235). Data collection performed with an instrument composed by sociodemographic questionnaire and obstetric data, Social support scale (Sherbourne, Stewart, 1991), Wijma Delivery Expectancy/ Experience questionnaire (Wijma e Wijma, 2005), that assesses fear of childbirth and the Empowerment Scale for Pregnant Women (Kameda e Shimada, 2008), to pregnant women in the third trimester. Results: Most women were nulliparous (56,3%), but were pregnant for the second time (54,5%), with approximately 32 years old, on average. Pregnant women’s empowerment is influenced, in it’s dimensions, by the previous experience of pregnancy (t =3,615; p <0,001) and birth (t=-2,913; p <0,01), by social support (t=5,145; p=0,000), as well as positive (t=- 2,834; p=0,005) and negative (t=2,312; p=0,022) feelings about birth. Conclusions: Social support, positive and negative expectations towards childbirth, in late pregnancy, determines pregnant women’s empowerment. The nurse is the professional benchmark for an empowering care, which conveys information, confidence, autonomy and power for decision making, empowering women for childbirth and motherhood. Keywords: Pregnant women’s empowerment, Social support, Fear of childbirth.
Abstract Background: Pregnancy is associated with major physical and psychosocial changes. It’s a period full of mixed feelings, doubts and fears, which determines the constitution of motherhood. In the third trimester, sociodemographic, obstetric and psychosocial factors seems to influence the autonomy, self-efficacy and decision-making of pregnant, their capacity for childbirth and motherhood. So, it is pertinent to understand the relationship between these factors and the pregnant women’s empowerment. Objectives: Identify the sociodemographic and obstetric context variables that affects the empowerment of pregnant in the last trimester of pregnancy; Determine which psychosocial variables influence the empowerment of pregnant women. Methods: Non-experimental, cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive and correlational study with non-probabilistic convenience sample (n=235). Data collection performed with an instrument composed by sociodemographic questionnaire and obstetric data, Social support scale (Sherbourne, Stewart, 1991), Wijma Delivery Expectancy/ Experience questionnaire (Wijma e Wijma, 2005), that assesses fear of childbirth and the Empowerment Scale for Pregnant Women (Kameda e Shimada, 2008), to pregnant women in the third trimester. Results: Most women were nulliparous (56,3%), but were pregnant for the second time (54,5%), with approximately 32 years old, on average. Pregnant women’s empowerment is influenced, in it’s dimensions, by the previous experience of pregnancy (t =3,615; p <0,001) and birth (t=-2,913; p <0,01), by social support (t=5,145; p=0,000), as well as positive (t=- 2,834; p=0,005) and negative (t=2,312; p=0,022) feelings about birth. Conclusions: Social support, positive and negative expectations towards childbirth, in late pregnancy, determines pregnant women’s empowerment. The nurse is the professional benchmark for an empowering care, which conveys information, confidence, autonomy and power for decision making, empowering women for childbirth and motherhood. Keywords: Pregnant women’s empowerment, Social support, Fear of childbirth.
Description
Keywords
Apoio social Comportamento materno Gravidez Medo Mulher grávida Parto Poder (Psicologia) Psicometria Trabalho de parto Empowerment Fear Labor, obstetric Maternal behavior Pregnancy Pregnant women Psychometrics Social support