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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: O caminho percorrido e as competências adquiridas, encontram-se
descritas no presente relatório e teve por base a temática dos transtornos alimentares. Estima se que mais de 13% dos adolescentes com idades compreendidas entre os 10 e os 19 anos,
vivam com um transtorno mental diagnosticado. Das hospitalizações por transtornos
alimentares no Serviço Nacional de Saúde, a maioria terão como causa, a Anorexia Nervosa
que, a nível dos transtornos de saúde mental, é a que tem mais expressão a nível da
mortalidade.
Objetivos: Descrever o percurso formativo em estágio, refletir sobre as atividades
realizadas para o desenvolvimento de competências comuns e específicas do Enfermeiro
Especialista em Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica e mapear as intervenções/programas de
intervenção para a prevenção da anorexia nervosa/transtornos alimentares na adolescência.
Metodologia: Descritiva e reflexiva, contemplando uma Scoping Review, no sentido de
mapear as evidências das intervenções/programas para a prevenção da Anorexia Nervosa na
adolescência, utilizando o método proposto pelo Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A pesquisa
incluiu artigos de pesquisa original publicados nas bases de dados MEDLINE e CINAHL
através da Plataforma EBSCOhost, e Scopus, entre janeiro de 2019 e julho de 2021, em
português, espanhol e ingles. Dois revisores independentes realizaram o processo de análise
da relevância, extração e síntese dos dados.
Resultados: Nos três estudos, incluídos na revisão scoping, verificou-se que são vários
os programas de intervenção na prevenção da Anorexia Nervosa. Os autores foram unânimes
relativamente ao programa baseado em dissonância cognitiva, “Body Project”, sendo
identificado como tendo os melhores resultados e eficácia na prevenção de transtornos
alimentares. Programas como “Mindfulness” e programas com efeitos na autoestima,
revelaram resultados significativos.
Conclusão: Os resultados expuseram vários programas de prevenção dos transtornos
alimentares. Os mais eficazes baseiam-se na dissonância cognitiva. Programas de prevenção
mais direcionados para cada tipo de transtorno alimentar, podem oferecer resultados mais
consistentes a longo prazo. O Enfermeiro Especialista e outros profissionais de saúde, devem
considerar sua atuação na prevenção dos transtornos alimentares.
Palavras Chave
Transtornos Alimentares, anorexia nervosa, prevenção, intervenções.
Abstract Introduction: The path taken and the skills acquired are described in this report and were based on the theme of eating disorders. It is estimated that more than 13% of adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years old live with a diagnosed mental disorder. Of the hospitalizations for eating disorders in the National Health Service, the majority will be caused by Anorexia Nervosa, which, in terms of mental health disorders, is the one that has the greatest expression in terms of mortality. Objectives: Describe the training course in internship, reflect on the activities carried out for the development of common and specific skills of the Specialist Nurse in Child and Pediatric Health and map the interventions/intervention programs for the prevention of anorexia nervosa/eating disorders in adolescence. Methodology: Descriptive and reflective, including a Scoping Review, in order to map the evidence of interventions/programs for the prevention of Anorexia Nervosa in adolescence, using the method proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The search included original research articles published in the MEDLINE and CINAHL databases through the EBSCOhost Platform, and Scopus, between January 2019 and July 2021, in Portuguese, Spanish and English. Two independent reviewers carried out the relevance analysis, data extraction and synthesis process. Results: In the three studies included in the scoping review, it was found that there are several intervention programs in the prevention of Anorexia Nervosa. The authors were unanimous that the cognitive dissonance-based program, the “Body Project”, was identified as having the best results and effectiveness in preventing eating disorders. Programs such as “Mindfulness” and programs with effects on self-esteem, revealed significant results. Conclusion: The results exposed several programs to prevent eating disorders. The most effective ones are based on cognitive dissonance. More targeted prevention programs for each type of eating disorder can provide more consistent long-term results. Specialist Nurses and other health professionals should consider their role in preventing eating disorders. Keywords Eating Disorders, anorexia, prevention, interventions.
Abstract Introduction: The path taken and the skills acquired are described in this report and were based on the theme of eating disorders. It is estimated that more than 13% of adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years old live with a diagnosed mental disorder. Of the hospitalizations for eating disorders in the National Health Service, the majority will be caused by Anorexia Nervosa, which, in terms of mental health disorders, is the one that has the greatest expression in terms of mortality. Objectives: Describe the training course in internship, reflect on the activities carried out for the development of common and specific skills of the Specialist Nurse in Child and Pediatric Health and map the interventions/intervention programs for the prevention of anorexia nervosa/eating disorders in adolescence. Methodology: Descriptive and reflective, including a Scoping Review, in order to map the evidence of interventions/programs for the prevention of Anorexia Nervosa in adolescence, using the method proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The search included original research articles published in the MEDLINE and CINAHL databases through the EBSCOhost Platform, and Scopus, between January 2019 and July 2021, in Portuguese, Spanish and English. Two independent reviewers carried out the relevance analysis, data extraction and synthesis process. Results: In the three studies included in the scoping review, it was found that there are several intervention programs in the prevention of Anorexia Nervosa. The authors were unanimous that the cognitive dissonance-based program, the “Body Project”, was identified as having the best results and effectiveness in preventing eating disorders. Programs such as “Mindfulness” and programs with effects on self-esteem, revealed significant results. Conclusion: The results exposed several programs to prevent eating disorders. The most effective ones are based on cognitive dissonance. More targeted prevention programs for each type of eating disorder can provide more consistent long-term results. Specialist Nurses and other health professionals should consider their role in preventing eating disorders. Keywords Eating Disorders, anorexia, prevention, interventions.
Description
Keywords
Adolescente Anorexia nervosa - prevenção e controle Competência clínica Enfermagem pediátrica Promoção da saúde Revisão Adolescent Anorexia nervosa - prevention and control Clinical competence Health promotion Pediatric nursing Review