Browsing by Author "Garcia, Carla"
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- AMONIAVEPublication . Pereira, José Luís; Marques, Francisco; Garcia, Carla; Vala, Helena
- Aplicação de estratégias para minimizar o erro em Anatomia PatológicaPublication . H, Vala; Bernardo, Sónia; Esteves, Fernando; Garcia, CarlaA conceção de equipas multiprofissionais na área veterinária, permite, como noutros setores, introduzir e implementar dinâmicas que não se esgotam na própria empresa.Os principais riscos identificados como potenciadores de colocar em causa a qualidade e confiança do diagnóstico laboratorial, prendem-se com a escassa informação nas respetivas fichas de requisição de análise e o seu incorreto preenchimento, com falhas no acondicionamento e no envio de amostras para o laboratório, bem como com a ausência de indicações para a correta orientação das peças cirúrgicas.Foram também identificadas as principais regras de conduta e de boas práticas que o Enfermeiro Veterinário pode ajudar a implementar, em contexto clínico, e que contribuem para a minimização do erro laboratorial.
- Assessment of ammonia and carbon dioxide concentrations in a breeding hen building under Portuguese winterPublication . Pereira, José; Garcia, Carla; Ferreira, Sílvia; Pinheiro, Victor; Trindade, Henrique; Conde, André; Ferreira, Pedro
- Assessment of ammonia and carbon dioxide concentrations in a breeding hen building under Portuguese winterPublication . Pereira, José Luís; Ferreira, Sílvia; Garcia, Carla; Conde, André; Ferreira, Pedro; Pinheiro, Victor; Trindade, HenriqueExcessive ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the housing of breeding hens can cause various negative effects on the health of hens and the welfare of the workers who care for them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the NH3 and CO2 concentrations in the first month of housing the breeding hens during Portuguese winter. The study was conducted on a commercial hen breeding farm located in central Portugal. One modern building equipped with climate control system, automatic feeding and drinking systems and minimum transitional tunnel ridge system was selected. New litter material made with rice hulls was used in the building, and the breeding sample comprised five months old 6864 female and 720 male birds housed in the building on 7 November 2016. The outdoor and indoor environmental conditions and indoor gas concentrations were measured continuously from 10 November to 30 November 2016. (NH3)and CO2 concentrations were measured with a photoacoustic field gas monitor and air samples collected through 4 sampling points located indoor, by a multipoint sampler. Results showed that the CO2 concentrations did not exceed 3000 ppm during the first month of housing the breeding hens and under winter environment. However, the NH3 concentrations exceed 20 ppm on most measurement days. For a good indoor air quality, the study suggests the use of mitigating measures for maintaining NH3 concentration below 10 ppm.
- Biochar as an Alternative Litter Additive to Mitigate Gaseous Emissions from Broiler Housing and Subsequent StoragePublication . Pereira, José L.S.; Martins, Filipa; Bonifácio, Gabriel; Garcia, Carla; Teixeira, José; Trindade, HenriqueBroiler farming is a significant source of gaseous emissions. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different litter additives on the emission of NH3, N2O, CO2, and CH4 during broiler housing and subsequent manure storage. The gaseous emissions from the housing facilities were evaluated during one fattening cycle in environmentally controlled rooms with three different additives applied to the litter material (10% w/w aluminum sulphate or biochar and 2.50 mg m−2 urease inhibitor), as well as a control. A storage experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions for 90 days to evaluate the influence of these three additives on gaseous losses. During broiler housing, the results indicated that NH3 emissions were reduced significantly (40–60%) by litter additives, while global warming potential (GWP) emissions were reduced significantly (31%) by Alum. The addition of Biochar (a 58% reduction) had the same significant effect as Alum (a 60% reduction) to mitigate these losses. The re-application of Urease (a 41% reduction) may be required to reach an equal or higher reduction. During storage, NH3 and GWP emissions were not significantly affected by the litter additives. During broiler housing and subsequent manure storage, NH3 emissions were reduced significantly (22–41%) by litter additives, whereas GWP emissions did not decrease significantly. Globally, it can be concluded that Biochar appears to be a good alternative to Alum due to its equal effectiveness in mitigating NH3 losses, without increasing the GWP potential in the housing and avoiding pollution swapping.
- Guia de Boas Práticas. Redução do uso de antibióticos e antiparasitários. Promoção do seu uso responsável. Pequenos Ruminantes RumiResPublication . Pereira, Maria de Aires; Baptista, Alexandra; Mega, Cristina; Matos, Ana; Garcia, Carla; Santos, Carla; Coelho, Catarina; Esteves, Fernando; Quintas, Hélder; Vala Correia, Helena Maria; Jacob-Ferreira, João; Figueiras, Luís; Martins, Manuel; Cruz, Rita; Braguez, Joana Rita CerieiraAs resistências aos antibióticos constituem, simultaneamente, uma preocupação de saúde pública e de saúde animal, devido à utilização dos mesmos princípios ativos em medicina humana e medicina veterinária e à possibilidade de transmissão de bactérias resistentes entre os animais e o homem, através da cadeia alimentar e do meio ambiente. A utilização de antibióticos conduz inevitavelmente à seleção de microrganismos resistentes. Por este motivo, o primeiro passo na luta contra as resistências aos antibióticos, consiste na redução da sua utilização, promovendo o seu uso responsável, tanto em medicina humana como em medicina veterinária. Especificamente, a utilização de antibióticos deve realizar-se apenas quando necessário e, idealmente, após a realização de cultura bacteriana e Teste de Suscetibilidade aos Antibióticos (TSA), permitindo um tratamento dirigido e seletivo. A elaboração de protocolos terapêuticos para as infeções bacterianas dos animais, tendo em conta as tendências locais, regionais e nacionais de suscetibilidade antibacteriana, pode ajudar os médicos veterinários a tomar decisões de prescrição, na ausência de resultados laboratoriais. No entanto, a ausência de dados de vigilância epidemiológica das resistências aos antibióticos, impossibilita o desenvolvimento de protocolos de prescrição atualizados. A utilização rotineira de anti-helmínticos altamente eficazes, associada ao maneio das pastagens, controlou, de forma muito eficaz, as infeções por parasitas gastrointestinais, na maioria das explorações de pequenos ruminantes. No entanto, o aumento abrupto da prevalência de parasitas resistentes aos anti-helmínticos, pode comprometer o controlo antiparasitário e, consequentemente, o rendimento das explorações. O tratamento dos animais com cargas parasitárias elevadas, que afetam os índices produtivos, bem como a seleção de antiparasitários dirigidos especificamente para as espécies de parasitas que circulam na exploração, permite a redução da utilização destes compostos e a emergência de resistências. A utilização de antibióticos e antiparasitários em espécies pecuárias conduz inevitavelmente à presença de resíduos medicamentosos em produtos de origem animal (leite e carne). As boas práticas médico-veterinárias de prescrição e administração de medicamentos, visam a manutenção dos níveis de resíduos abaixo dos limites estabelecidos, protegendo a saúde do consumidor. Este guia pretende abordar, de forma simples e clara, os principais problemas sanitários que afetam os pequenos ruminantes, bem como as medidas de controle que podem ser tomadas para reduzir a necessidade de utilização de antibióticos e antiparasitários, com o objetivo final de contribuir para a redução das resistências antimicrobianas e dos resíduos medicamentosos e preservar a eficácia terapêutica dos medicamentos atualmente disponíveis. Este trabalho destina-se essencialmente a produtores de pequenos ruminantes e médicos veterinários de campo, que se dedicam à clínica médico-cirúrgica destas espécies, embora possa ser útil a toda a equipa de saúde animal e aos estudantes com particular interesse na área.
- Histopathological evaluation in broilers submitted to different additives to control ammonia volatilizationPublication . Vala, Helena; Garcia, Carla; Ferreira, Sílvia; Almeida, José; Oliveira, Jorge; Trindade, Henrique; Pereira, José Luís; Alves, Anabela
- Immunofluorescence method to detect apoptotic events in the duodenum after a situation of hypoperfusion – preliminary resultsPublication . Ortiz, Ana; Vala, Helena; Garcia, Carla; Cruz, Rita; Venâncio, Carlos; Silva, Aura; Ferreira, DavidBackground: Apoptosis plays a key role in intestinal injury, as response to ischemia. In this study, apoptosis in the duodenum after haemorrhage and volume replacement was evaluated with M30, in a pig model. Material and methods: Apoptosis was evaluated in paraffin sections of duodenum from pigs that underwent total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and remifentanil, and controlled bleeding and volume replacement using Ringer’s lactate (Group1, n=6). Apoptosis was also evaluated in a control group of animals that underwent TIVA, without bleeding (n=6). M30 Cytodeath immunofluorescence assay used a mouse monoclonal antibody (M30clone) (Roche) for detection of a caspase cleavage product of cytokeratin 18. Results: Group1: epithelial cells from the tips of the villi showed strong positive reaction, decreasing towards the body of the villi, negative in crypts and glands. Control group: epitelial cells from the tips of the villi showed a weak positive reaction, also decreasing towards the body and negative in crypts and glands. Discussion and Conclusions: Apoptosis occurred mainly in the epithelium of the villi, appearing to precede intestinal mucosa desquamation. Subsequent studies are being developed to determine the apoptotic index and correlation between immunohistochemical methods in small intestinal segments in the two groups of this study.
- Review of Measures to Control Airborne Pollutants in Broiler HousingPublication . Pereira, José L.S.; Garcia, Carla; Trindade, HenriqueBroiler housing is a significant source of airborne pollutants from animal production, which lead to degradation of indoor air quality and outdoor emissions, particularly ammonia, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen sulphide, odours and particulate matter. In this chapter, we first analyse the current state of the art on the consequences of these pollutants on broiler farming, farm workers, and the environment. This includes the factors affecting pollutants generation, quantification, and mitigation measures suppressing airborne pollutants. Next, we describe different best available techniques for environmental protection and sustainability of broiler production, namely feeds and feeding management, feed supplements, bedding management and treatment of exhaust air. Thus, broiler farms should select mitigation strategies based on several considerations, such as location, climate conditions, environmental policies and financial resources
- Small Intestine mucosal injury and apoptosis following haemorrhage and volume replacement with different intravenous solutionsPublication . Ortiz, Ana Liza; Vala, Helena; Venâncio, Carlos; Garcia, Carla; Mesquita, João; Silva, Aura; Ferreira, DavidObjective: To characterize mucosal loss (ML) and apoptotic events in the small intestine after haemorrhage and volume replacement with a crystalloid, Lactated Ringers Solution (LR), and a colloid, HES130/0.4 solution, in a pig model. Methods: %ML and apoptotic events at the epithelium of the villi were evaluated in the small intestine from pigs that underwent total intravenous anaesthesia and passive controlled arterial bleeding, followed by volume replacement using LR (group1, n=9) and HES130/0.4 (group2, n=9). Apoptotic events were investigated by performing immunohistochemistry using Cytochrome c antibody and M30Cytodeath immunofluorescence assay. Results: %ML was significantly higher in group1 (P< 0.0001). Similar moderate to intense cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was seen in both groups for Cytochrome c antibody. The median percentage of apoptotic cells in the non-detached villi epithelium was 5.94% (1.46-31.47%) in group1 and 6.38% (0.36-47.48%) in group2. No significant differences were observed between groups. Conclusion: Results suggest that HES130/0.4 administration may more efficiently prevent the acute loss of intestinal mucosa, and, therefore, the integrity of the intestinal barrier. However, the indicators of intestinal apoptosis do not differ between HES 130/0.4 or RL administration.