Browsing by Author "Kumpfer, Karol"
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- Cultural Adaptation and Implementation of Family Evidence-Based Interventions with Diverse PopulationsPublication . Kumpfer, Karol; Magalhães, Cátia; Xie, JingFamily evidence-based interventions (FEBIs) are effective in creating lasting improvements and preventing children’s behavioral health problems, even in genetically atrisk children. Most FEBIs, however, were designed for English-speaking families. Consequently, providers have difficulty engaging non-English-speaking populations in their own country or in other countries where the content, language, and recruitment methods of the FEBIs do not reflect their culture. The practical solution has been to culturally adapt existing FEBIs. Research suggests this can increase family engagement by about 40 %. This article covers background, theory, and research on FEBIs and the need to engage more diverse families. Steps for culturally adapting FEBIs with fidelity are presented based on our own and local implementers’ experiences in 36 countries with the Strengthening Families Program. These steps, also previously recommended by a United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime panel of experts in family skills interventions, include: (1) creating a cultural advisory group, (2) assessing specific needs of cultural subgroups, (3) language translation, (4) hiring implementers from the culture, (5) developing culturally adapted training systems, (6) making cultural adaptations cautiously during repeated delivery, (7) continuous implementation quality and outcome evaluation to assure effectiveness in comparison with the original FEBI, (8) developing local and international dissemination partnerships, and (9) securing funding support for sustainability. Future efficacy trials should compare existing FEBIs to culturally adapted versions to determine comparative cost effectiveness.
- Cultural adaptations of evidence-based family interventions to strengthen families and improve children’s developmental outcomes.Publication . Kumpfer, Karol; Magalhães, Cátia; Xie, JingEvidence-based parenting and family interventions are effective in improving parenting skills, positive parent–child relations and children's developmental outcomes. Programmes based on “principles of effective prevention” do not prove that a programme works. Evidence-based programmes (EBPs) are programmes tested in multiple randomized control trials by different researchers and producing large effect sizes. Hence, selecting a family EBP that best matches the local family needs and culturally adapting is the best route to positive family outcomes versus creating a new unproven programme. Lists of EBPs include the author's recent UNODC worldwide search and www.strengtheningfamilies.org. This article includes recommendations for culturally adapting and implementing a family EBP in diverse cultures plus lessons learned from dissemination of the author's Strengthening Families Programme (SFP) to 22 countries. These include ideas for developing local and international partnerships, language translations, developing new training systems and materials, and funding support from developed nations for the implementation and evaluation.
- Cultural and Gender Adaptations of Evidence Based Family InterventionsPublication . Kumpfer, Karol; Magalhães, Cátia; Xie, JingThis chapter will review culturally and gender-adapted evidence-based family prevention and intervention programs. The growing ethnic populations in the USA and other Western countries have created the need for the development and evaluation of culturally adapted programs. The rapid spread worldwide of Western youth culture has also made effective parenting more critical to youth outcomes in non-Western cultures, requiring an extension of the evidence base for family programs to include populations in Europe, Asia, and Africa
- Effectiveness of culturally adapted Strengthening Families Programme 6-11 years among Portuguese familiesPublication . Magalhães, Cátia; Kumpfer, KarolPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the outcomes from the Portuguese Strengthening Families Programme (SFP) with those from other countries to see if they are equally effective despite the new context. SFP was selected for cultural adaptation because comparative effectiveness reviews find that SFP is the most effective parenting and family intervention (Foxcroft et al., 2003, 2012). Standardised cultural adaptations of SFP have resulted in successful outcomes in 35 countries. Design/methodology/approach – The outcomes for the SFP six to 11 years Portuguese families (n ¼ 41) were compared to the SFP six to 11 years international norms (n ¼ 1,600) using a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control two group pre- and post-test design. A 2×2 ANOVA generated the outcome tables including p-values and Cohen’s d effect sizes. Standardised test scales were used and measured 21 parenting, family and child risk and protective factors. Findings – Statistically significant positive results (po0.05) were found for 16 or 76.2 per cent of the 21 outcomes measured for Portuguese families. The Portuguese effect sizes were similar to the SFP international norms for improvements in the five parenting scales (d ¼ 0.61 vs 0.65), five family scales (d ¼ 0.68 vs 0.70) and seven children’s scales (d ¼ 0.48 vs 0.48) despite these norms having larger effect sizes than the USA norms. Hence, the cultural adaptation did not diminish the outcomes and SFP Portuguese families can benefit substantially from SFP participation. Originality/value – A Portuguese culturally adapted version of SFP had never been developed or evaluated; hence, this paper reports original findings.
- Guidelines on drug prevention and treatment for girls and womenPublication . Kumpfer, Karol; Magalhães, Cátia
- Impact of Family Structure, Functioning, Culture, and Family-Based Interventions on Children´s HealthPublication . Kumpfer, Karol; Magalhães, Cátia; Kanse, SheetalBehavioral health problems in children and adolescents are increasing in the USA and worldwide. This chapter will begin by covering the history and possible causes of changes in the traditional two-parent family structure and its negative impact on children’s development and health. These structural family changes resulted in changes in family functioning with the loss of fathers, resulting in increased family poverty and reduced parental involvement. Solutions including broader implementation of the family interventions proven to increase family nurturing and improve children’s behavioral health outcomes will be reviewed including their effectiveness results. These family evidencebased interventions also reduce differential generational acculturation and family conflict prevalent when families from one traditional culture move into a less traditional Western culture. The need for cultural adaptation to increase acceptability and dissemination capacity of health promotion programs is stressed. Despite 20 years of randomized control trial research on evidencebased family interventions, there is a research to practice gap depriving families of the best family services and increasing social and health-care costs. Hence, this chapter ends with policy recommendations to have a broader public health impact including using computer information technology to reduce the cost and increase dissemination of effective health promotion and family interventions.
- Prevention as Treatment: Enhancing Resilience in High- Risk ChildrenPublication . Kumpfer, Karol; Magalhães, CátiaThis chapter reviews the application of treatment methods in prevention, with an emphasis on familybased substance abuse, delinquency, and child maltreatment. The goal of prevention is to increase resilience in high-risk children. Considerable overlap exists between evidence-based prevention and treatment interventions, including their etiological and intervention theories, cognitive behavioral change methods and outcome objectives. Also included is the Institute of Medicinespectrum of treatment disorders, a review of prevention and treatment intervention theories, and methods used to design effective family interventions, with an emphasis on family systems, social ecology and resilience theories including the author’s Transactional Framework of Resilience model and the Strengthening Families Program. Lastly, this chapter covers the applications of clinical techniques to improve resilience characteristics and processes and places evidence-based prevention programs methods within this framework and details their similarity to treatment. Digital technology (e.g., DVDs, Web, smart phones, television, etc.) is recommended to reduce intervention costs and “go-to-scale” to have a greater public health impact in promoting resilience in children.
- Prevention science: family evidence-based, adolescents and drug usePublication . Magalhães, Cátia; Kumpfer, Karolbackground - One of major cause of disability is mental illness (WHO, 2013). Evidence-based family programs have been considered one of the most effective methods for reducing mental health and substance abuse disorders in youth. A Cochrane review (Foxcroft et al., 2003) concluded that the Strengthening Families Program (SFP) is one of the most effective substance abuse prevention program and also cost effective. Aim and methods - Determine if the family Portuguese SFP outcomes are as effective as the original SFP. The outcomes were compared using data from Portuguese families (n=41) and SFP international norms using a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control 2 group pre-and post-test design. Standardized test scales were used. A 2x2 ANOVA produced the outcomes including p-values and effect sizes. Results - According to original SFP norms, statistically significant positive results (p ≤ .05) were found for 16 (or 76.2%) of the 21 outcomes measured and medium to large effect sizes, including family outcomes for Portuguese families. Conclusion - evidence-based family programs are a strong and robust intervention strategy to prevent family risk factors and promote protective factors.
- Strengthening Families Enrichment ProgramPublication . Kumpfer, Karol; Magalhães, Cátia; Brown, Jaynie
- Strengthening Families For Middle/Late ChildhoodPublication . Kumpfer, Karol; Magalhães, Cátia; Whiteside, Henry; Xie, Jing