Browsing by Author "Oliveira, A. L."
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- Blood Transfusions in Dogs and Cats: Blood Typing, Cross MatchingPublication . Branquinho, T.; Ortiz, V.; Vala, Helena; Ferreira, R.; Santos, C.; Oliveira, A. L.The blood transfusion (administration of blood) is a resource of veterinary medicine with several indications. Point-of-care blood-typing methods, including both typing cards and rapid gel agglutination, are readily available. Following blood typing, cross matching is performed on one or more donor units of appropriate blood type. Cross matching reduces the risk of transfusion reactions but does not completely eliminate the risk of other types of transfusion reactions in veterinary patients. All transfusion reactions should be appropriately documented and investigated. It is, therefore, important to have in-depth technical knowledge about concepts and procedures involved in clinical blood transfusion, so that the entire procedure can be performed in the most appropriate way and with a high success rate.
- A case of biliary cystadenoma in a geriatric cat.Publication . Vala, Helena; Nóbrega, C.; Ribeiro, A.; Mega, C.; Oliveira, A. L.; Santos, C.; Coelho, C.; Esteves, F.; Cruz, R.; Mesquita, J. R.A 9–year-old male European cat was referred for clinical examination with a history of anorexia, apathy and mild dehydration. Neurological exam revealed anisocoria and decreased pupillary reflex. Ultrasound examination of the abdomen suggested the presence of a mesenteric mass and several areas of renal and hepatic lesions. Renomegaly was also observed. Samples of organs were submitted to the pathology service of the Superior Agrarian School of Viseu. Macroscopic exam of the liver showed several prominent whitish areas that, on cut section, revealed multilocular cystic appearance with greenish colour in some of them. The mesenteric mass, of friable consistency, showed 5,5 x4,4x3,5 cm On cut section this mass revealed whitish areas of soft consistency that alternated with hemorrhagic areas. The kidneys showed an white, irregular surface, and also in one of them a corical prominent nodule was seen. Several sections were processed for routine histopathological diagnosis. Microscopic exam revealed that the mesenteric mass corresponded to a tumour of lymphoid cells. Cells were large, with scanty cytoplasm, euchromatic round nucleus with prominent central nucleoli, high mitotic count and moderate pleomorphism invading surrounding adipose tissue. The same type of cells was observed in the liver and kidneys. Based on these results, a lymphoma with renal and hepatic metastases was diagnosed in the mesenteric mass. Concomitantly, microscopic examination of the liver showed hepatocyte vacuolation and trabecular disorganization, with multiple cystic cavities lined by an epithelium of cubic or squamous type, showing fine fibrovascular tissue stroma. The cuboidal epithelial cells presented a moderate amount of pale eosinophilic cytoplasm, round or oval nucleus, vesicular, oriented centrally and with small or inapparent nucleoli. Based on these results, the diagnosis of neoplasia derived from biliary epithelium, was established. The differential diagnosis to be considered on this case were colangioma and biliary cystadenoma. The definitive diagnosis of biliary cystadenoma was established, based on the presence of multiple cystic cavities, disseminated by the hepatic parenchyma. According to previous statements, it was concluded that in spite of its rare occurrence, this is a case of biliary cystadenoma.
- A case of intense and multiple parasitic infestation in a wild pigeon (Columbia livia).Publication . Coelho, C.; Nóbrega, C.; Santos, C.; Cruz, R.; Mesquita, J.; Oliveira, A. L.; Mega, A. C.; Esteves, F.; Vala, HelenaIntroduction The prevalence of parasitic diseases in poultry seems to have significantly reduced due not only to the intensive production system but also to the improving conditions of hygiene and management practiced. However, parasitic diseases continue to have great importance in traditional production systems and production systems in the outdoors, contributing significantly to productivity decline of these farms. The pigeon (Columbia livia), a specie produced with outdoors access is more susceptible to infestations. The growing population of wild pigeons in urban areas can be decisive in the infestation of domestic pigeons, since they share the same places and their sanitary control is more difficult. Objectives The aim of this work is to describe a case of a pigeon (Columbia livia) with an intense parasitic infestation, this being the cause of death, with common parasitic species and other less frequent. Material and Methods A cadaver of a pigeon was submitted to the necropsy of Anatomic Pathology Laboratory of the Agrarian Superior School of Viseu, a detailed post mortem examination was carried out and samples were taken. All samples were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, for a maximum of 48 hours and processed following the routine histopathological technique. Results Gross examination lesions revealed rounded red lesions in the proventriculus serosa and lung congestion. Microscopic examination confirmed severe lung congestion, with hemosiderosis and the presence of numerous nematodes in cross section, discussing the hypothesis that it might be a case of Cyathostoma bronchialis (Muehlig 1884), taking into account the location or, less likely, an erratic parasite in histotropic migration phase. Eggs observed at this location had thick shell, oval shape, some were embryonated and 35-40 μm in length by 20-25 μm in width. In the lumen of the proventriculus glands, nematodes in cross section were also observed, noting numerous barrel-shaped eggs, embryonated larvae, oval poles and 55 mm in length by 25 mm in width, apparently compatible with parasites of the genus Tetrameres. Conclusion The high parasitic infestation of the wild pigeon specimen subjected to necropsy, with several, common and uncommon, species of parasites, the severity of lesions, leading to death of the animal, as well as the fact that infected wild birds favoring the spread of the parasite to the domestic pigeons and other poultry production, consisting of a major concern for producers, justifies the study of isolated cases, even constituting an epidemiological alert for the regions where they appear.
- Characterization of a grading system to evaluate splenic congestion.Publication . Oliveira, A. L.; Vala, Helena; Silva, A.; Venâncio, C.; Ferreira, D.Background: Frequently, the spleen may be targeted by active hyperaemia, or acute or active congestion, common in acute systemic infections and in some acute bacterial intoxications, and also by passive congestion, or chronic congestion, due to disturbances in the systemic and portal circulation and, most commonly, due to the use of barbiturate drugs. An acutely congested spleen is enlarged, moderately turgid and cyanotic, with the capsule blue-black. The normal architecture is not discernible on the cut surface and the pulp is red-black and exudes blood. Microscopically, the red pulp sinusoids are dilated filled with packed red cells, the germinal centres are widely separated and trabeculae are thinned. With chronic congestion, the spleen becomes firm, the capsule and trabeculae thickened; there is lymphoid atrophy, sinus proliferation, with a marked increase in fixed cells in the red pulp and heavy sinus colonization with macrophages and hemosiderin, following RBC destruction in dilated sinusoids. Extend of the acute congestion may make histological examination difficult. In some species there is still some difficulty on determine the severity of spleen congestion and rule out other conditions like primary neoplastic lesions, metastatic disease or manifestation of systemic involvement, due to it specific circulation system. Objectives: The authors present an illustrated system to evaluate splenic congestion, using the pig as a model. Methods: Samples of the spleen of Large White Pigs were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, for a maximum of 48 hours, embedded in paraffin wax, and 3µm sections were stained for routine histopathological diagnosis with hematoxylin and eosine. All samples were examined by light microscopy, using a Microscope Zeiss Mod. Axioplan 2. Results: In this study, fourteen spleen samples from Large White pigs were observed and classified. The semi-quantitative parameter congestion was evaluated by two independent examiners and classified in a specific scale from 0 (minimal) to 3 (severe and extensive damage), from which exemplificative pictures will be presented, in order to better characterize the grading system used. Conclusion: Based on the description and pictures presented, the authors conclude that it was possible to clarify a classification grading system to evaluate splenic congestion, using the pig as a model, which can be used to evaluate splenic congestion in other domestic animals, as dogs and cats, which can be of great importance to characterize lesions in specific diseases and conditions.
- Estudo Casuístico de Doenças do Foro Dermatológico em Felídeos.Publication . Silva, S.; Peneda, S.; Oliveira, A. L.; Vala, HelenaA dermatologia, tem vindo a adquirir maior destaque, pelo facto das doenças do foro dermatológico constituírem um elevado número de consultas, representando 25 a 30% do total das consultas de pequenos animais (Pol, 2007; Brazis, 2007). As reacções de hipersensibilidade cutâneas em animais de companhia, consideradas por alguns autores como a epidemia do século XXI, merecem cada vez mais maior destaque na prática clínica diária, devido à sua incidência e à relação cada vez mais próxima que se desenvolve entre estas espécies animais e os humanos, sendo, por isso, objecto de estudos constantes (Machicote, 2005; Yotti, 2005). Em Portugal, a hipersensibilidade mais frequente é a Dermatite Alérgica à Picada das Pulgas (DAPP), devido às condições climáticas favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do ciclo da pulga, o que determina uma grande incidência desta hipersensibilidade nos meses mais quentes; seguindo-se a Dermatite Atópica (DA), desencadeada pela inalação de alergenos. A Hipersensibilidade Alimentar (HA) é o terceiro tipo de hipersensibilidade mais frequente, sendo os alimentos de origem proteica (carne bovina e frango) os principais envolvidos e, como a maioria das rações comerciais são formuladas à base desses ingredientes, não estão portanto excluídas como potenciais causadoras desta hipersensibilidade; segue-se a Dermatite Alérgica de Contacto (DAC), é o quarto tipo de hipersensibilidade mais frequente e é causada pela exposição directa da pele a materiais de natureza variada que incluem desde materiais orgânicos, vegetais e urinários, até materiais sintéticos (produtos de limpeza à base de amoníaco, solventes, fenóis, entre outros). Esta hipersensibilidade pode também ocorrer devido ao contacto directo com material plástico de bebedouros, tapetes e carpetes (Day, 1999; Medleau & Knilica, 2006).
- Gastrocanis – an internet-based epidemiologic surveillance tool.Publication . Sacramento R; Santos, C.; Vala, Helena; Esteves, F.; Oliveira, A. L.; Cruz, R.; Mega, A. C.; Nóbrega, C.; Mesquita, J. R.
- he Zoonotic Event of Leishmaniasis in Portugal: a Public Health Concern.Publication . Gouveia, A.; Santos, C; Vala, Helena; Esteves, F.; Oliveira, A. L.; Cruz, R.; Mega, A. C.; Nóbrega, C.; Mesquita, J. R.
- Hip Dysplasia in Dogs: Control and PreventionPublication . Rodrigues, D.; Ortiz, V.; Vala, Helena; Santos, C.; Oliveira, A. L.Hip dysplasia (HD) is an orthopaedic pathology with high prevalence in dogs, especially in large and giant breeds. It has a polygenic origin and is influenced by several factors such as age, sex, nutrition, metabolism, physical activity and hormones. Animals affected with this disease are born with normal joints but as they develop, joint changes appear. These changes may be expressed by lameness, gait abnormalities, hip instability and pain in full extension of the joint. To reduce the HD prevalence, selective breeding programmes have been implemented in which only animals free of disease or with minimal articular changes can reproduce. As these programmes do not always have the desired success, early radiographs should be performed in susceptible animals, in order to slow the progression of changes. The aim of this review is to summarize canine HD control and prevention aspects, with reference to the factors that predispose to disease, and the various treatment options. The role played by the veterinary nurse in advising the HD dog owners on disease management and also on how to avoid the risk factors in order to reduce the number of affected animals, is also discussed
- Histological assessment of small bowel hypoperfusion lesions in the pigPublication . Oliveira, A. L.; Ferreira, D.; Vala, HelenaBackground Authors propose the use of a quantitative morphological assessment for helping in studies concerning intestinal hypoperfusion. The method was applied to the small intestine mucosa stained with the standard hematoxylin and eosin, from pigs that underwent severe hypotension due to acute hemorrhage.,. Methods Six Large White pigs underwent total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. 25 ml/kg of arterial blood were passively removed from the femoral artery over 20 minutes. Volume was replaced using Ringer Lactate in Group 1 and Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 in Group 2, with a delay of 20 minutes after the bleeding. One hour after the volume replacement, pigs were euthanized and the small intestine samples were taken for histopathological examination. Parameters were classified using two specific scales (Chiu, 1970; Çetin, 1995; Kaplan, 2007). Mucosal loss (ML) percentage and crypt:interstitium ratio were obtained (Faleiros, 2001). Results Inflammatory infiltrate was present in all animals, varying from grade 2 to grade 3. Hydropic cellular degeneration and epithelial detachment were more pronounced in duodenum and more noticeable in Group 1. In Group 1, ML percentage was 2.18±0.46 % in duodenum, 0.62±1,07% in jejunum and 0.45±0.77% in ileum. In Group 2 ML percentage was 0.75±1.30 in duodenum and 0±0% in the other intestinal segments. In the whole small intestine, was 1.08±0.78% in Group 1 and 0.25±0.35% in Group 2. Crypt:interstitium ratio did not presented significant differences between the groups. Conclusions The quantitative morphological assessment may be useful in quantifying the degree of mucosal lost in small intestine stained with hematoxylin and eosin, from pigs submitted to acute severe bleeding.
- Human and animal dermatophytosis: is it a real Public Health issue?.Publication . Matos, A.; Santos, C.; Vala, Helena; Esteves, F.; Oliveira, A. L.; Cruz, R.; Mega, A. C.; Nóbrega, C.; Mesquita, J. R.
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