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  • A efetividade das psicoterapias psicodinâmicas na sintomatologia depressiva: uma revisão.
    Publication . Sargento, José; Oliveira, Sandra
    É, muitas vezes, apontado aos modelos dinâmicos a escassez de evidências da efetividade das suas intervenções. Pretende-se, neste trabalho, explorar a questão: as psicoterapias dinâmicas(PD), nas suas diversas modalidades, são efetivas no tratamento da sintomatologia depressiva? Método: Procedeu-se a uma revisão dos estudos da base EBSCO, publicados nos últimos 10 anos, com as palavras-chave: 1) psychodynamic psychotherapy AND efficacy or effectiveness AND depression. Da pesquisa resultaram 49 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados 12, que englobam, no total, 1675 participantes beneficiários de diversas modalidades psicoterapêuticas. Incluíram-se os estudos empíricos e excluíram-se estudos de caso, artigos teóricos, revisões sistemáticas e metaanálises. Resultados: Em 11 dos 12 estudos analisados, as PD revelaram-se efetivas na extinção ou esbatimento de sintomatologia depressiva. Os 3 estudos que comparam as modalidades psicoterapêuticas de longa duração com as psicoterapias breves sugerem que as primeiras tendem a ser mais eficazes e a ter efeitos mais duradouros. Na comparação entre as PD e as terapias cognitivo-comportamentais(TCC), 3 dos 4 estudos não encontram diferenças substanciais na eficácia, e num dos estudos a PD de longa duração parece ser mais efetiva do que a TCC. Conclusões: Não obstante as limitações importantes deste trabalho, ele não deixa de apontar para a existência de evidências da efetividade das PD no tratamento da sintomatologia depressiva.
  • Qualidade de vida em pessoas idosas
    Publication . Fernandes, Rosina; Martins, Emília; Mendes, Francisco; Sargento, José
    A avaliação da qualidade de vida (QV) no processo envelhecimento apresenta-se como decisiva atendendo às suas implicações na saúde e bem-estar das pessoas idosas. A complexidade do construtor impõe que esta avaliação integre múltiplas variáveis. Desenvolveu-se um estudo exploratório de tipo ex post facto para caracterizar e contratar a qualidade de vida em idosos da região Centro de Portugal, institucionalizados e a viver em comunidade, considerando variáveis sociodemográficas, nível cognitivo estado nutricional e prát.ica de atividade física (AF)
  • Children at risk, attachment and institutionalization: contributions to the socio-educational intervention
    Publication . Costa, Ana; Felizardo, Sara; Sargento, José; Amante, Maria João; Jales Ribeiro, Esperança
    Introduction: Institutionalized children exposed to early adverse experiences are a particularly vulnerable group with a high risk of developing health problems. Objectives: i) to know the representations of attachment in institutionalized children; ii) to understand if there are differences of attachment, according to some sociodemographic variables; iii) outline socio-educational intervention strategies in the children’s life’s contexts. Methods: This is an exploratory and cross-sectional study, using for this purpose, a non-probabilistic and convenience sample composed of 82 institutionalized children, aged between 8 and 17 years old. The gathering instruments were the Sociodemographic Questionnaire and the Inventory Attachment for Children and Adolescents. Results: The results show that most children have secure attachment representations, followed by the avoidant attachment representations. We also found signiicant differences in the results of attachment, according to the gender (in avoidant attachment and ambivalent attachment) and in the institutionalization time (in the ambivalent attachment). Conclusions: The results show promising lines of research, being our purpose to outline socio-educational intervention strategies for children in their pathways of life by promoting protective factors, especially the establishment of secure relationships, thus promoting better quality of life and well-being.
  • Cognitive Impact Of Breakfast Consumption On School Age Children And Youth
    Publication . Martins, Emília; Mendes, Francisco; Fernandes, Rosina; Sargento, José
    The literature has shown a positive impact of breakfast on cognitive performance of school-age children and youth, although this meal is often omitted by young people. This study reviews 30 previous studies, focusing on this population, published in PubMed and MEDLINE databases until September 2019. To allow the integration of the largest possible number of published studies in this analysis, the search terms had to be as comprehensive as possible. Breakfast, cognitive impact, children, and youth were the terms chosen. The main conclusions are that the differentiated effects on the several dimensions of cognition (attention, memory, aptitudes and school performance, among others) also depend on the variables and instruments used, on the population background and characteristics, and on the study conditions. Evidence also shows the difficult to isolate the direct effects due to the confounding variables. Despite some results where the relationship between breakfast and cognition is far from obvious, the existence of this effect (often mediated by individual and contextual variables) is clearly more evident than the mechanisms by which it manifests itself. So, scientific evidence plays a crucial role in the search for the ideal breakfast and to prove the importance of making breakfast a vital daily habit. Studies point to a greater visibility of consequences in processes that are more likely to trigger short-term influences.
  • Entrepreneurship in higher education students of the social area
    Publication . Fernandes, Rosina; Sargento, José; Martins, Emília; Mendes, Francisco; Felizardo, Sara
    In higher education (IE), entrepreneurship education traditionally occurs in areas of the business world (economics, management). The uncertainty of the labor market requires an entrepreneurial profile, also in the social area. Innovation is increasingly necessary in a social context and the promotion of creativity and design-thinking in the creation of business ideas in these students is crucial. 41 students, 97.5% female, finalists of the Social Education degree, explored their own job creation. An ad hoc questionnaire was used, and responses were submitted to content analysis. The majority (92.6%) showed interest in starting a new company and the others were motivated to innovate existing companies. The investment intention focused on supporting elderly in the community (32.6%) or in institutions (10.8) and people with disabilities (21.7%). Support for the community in general and for minority groups emerged with 10.8% each. The development of community intervention projects and home support services registered, respectively, 46.3% and 36.5%. The majority of students intend to support the business through foreign capital, namely bank loans (41.4%). With less representativeness, own capital (eg anticipation of unemployment benefits - 12.1%) emerged and 36.5% of students did not anticipate the financial support of creating their own jobs. The results are encouraging in relation to students with signs of entrepreneurship in less common areas (social area). Doubts about financial support may result from less investment in these students, highlighting an important path to be taken by higher education institutions.
  • Well-Being At Work: A Study With Social Educators
    Publication . Fernandes, Rosina; Sargento, José; Martins, Emília; Mendes, Francisco
    Employee health and well-being are on organizations leaders’ agendas, including in the social area. So, this study aimed to explore the associations between job satisfaction and other well-being at work variables (success, salary, and occupation’s prestige) in a recent social sector profession. Also, intended to reflect on its importance in promoting health and well-being in workers who daily deal with other’s suffering. This quantitative study involved 74 employed Portuguese Social Educators, 94.6% female with mean age of 30.12±8.94. A questionnaire was specifically prepared for this research project, given the scarcity of studies about well-being at work in Social Education area. SPSS 25 was used for data analysis, assuming a 95% confidence level. Job satisfaction was positively correlated (p≤.05) with success and prestige. Salary was relevant (p≤.05) to job satisfaction, regardless of whether the professionals were working in the training area. In those who were, job satisfaction was also correlated with the desire to keep the job (p=.002). Participants with higher success, career satisfaction and prestige were more optimistic about professional future (p≤.05). Given the Social Educators intervention in high risk and social vulnerability contexts, work benefits such as access to counselling or other health initiatives preventing occupational stress and burnout, may be an effective alternative to salary increase, often difficult to social organizations. It’s effect on satisfaction and success, together with growing social recognition of profession is essential for these workers well-being.
  • GPS ou ruído? Contratransferência e psicoterapia: uma revisão
    Publication . Sargento, José; Oliveira, Sandra
    A Contratransferência (CT) diz respeito ao conjunto de reações emocionais sentidas pelo psicoterapeuta, podendo criar ruído na relação terapêutica ou, pelo contrário, ser um instrumento clínico fundamental. Método: Procedeu-se a uma revisão dos estudos da base EBSCO, publicados nos últimos 10 anos, com as palavras-chave: 1) countertransference AND psychotherapy. Da pesquisa resultaram 223 artigos, dos quais se selecionaram 19: 9 teóricos/clínicos; 9 empíricos e 1 de revisão sistemática. Incluíram-se os artigos cujo foco principal é a CT, tendo-se excluído os restantes. Resultados: 5 estudos sublinham a importância da elaboração da CT como meio de aceder ao mundo interno do paciente. 4 indicam a supervisão, a psicoterapia, a experiência e o contexto organizacional como facilitadores desse trabalho; 1 sugere a meditação mindfulness. 4 estudos relevam a coincidência de diagnósticos do paciente com os padrões de CT . 2 sustentam a importância de, de forma ética, abrir espaço para a CT sexualizada com certas tipologias de pacientes. 2 dão conta da associação entre uma CT de desligamento e progressos terapêuticos pobres. 1 artigo sublinha a importância da história de vida real do terapeuta para o processo e 1 aborda os desafios do manejo da CT na psicoterapia online. Discussão: Não obstante as limitações importantes deste trabalho, as evidências parecem sugerir que uma análise cuidada da CT fornece coordenadas fundamentais para o diagnóstico e intervenção.
  • Pelos olhos adentro: a exposição aos ecrãs e o desenvolvimento afetivo e cognitivo da criança
    Publication . Oliveira, Sandra; Sargento, José; Magalhães, Cátia
    A revolução tecnológica da última década aumentou exponencialmente o acesso às tecnologias digitais. A investigação tem assinalado, neste contexto, a exposição excessiva das crianças aos ecrãs. Pretende-se, neste trabalho, explorar as intercorrências para o desenvolvimento cognitivo e socioafetivo da exposição excessiva aos ecrãs e às tecnologias digitais na criança. Procedeu-se, para o efeito, a uma pesquisa dos estudos da EBSCO, publicados nos últimos 6 anos, dos quais se selecionaram aqueles cujo foco principal é a relação entre os ecrãs e o desenvolvimento da criança. Os estudos selecionados sugerem que a exposição excessiva aos ecrãs se associa a um desenvolvimento cognitivo menos fluído, a indicadores mais pobres de auto-regulação, e a um risco acrescido de vir a desenvolver problemas emocionais e comportamentais. No que concerne à atenção os resultados são divergentes. A investigação acrescenta, assim, sustentação à necessidade de limitar a utilização das tecnologias digitais para proteger o desenvolvimento cognitivo e socioafetivo das crianças.