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Abstract(s)
A palavra jogo pode adquirir diferentes significados, estando associados neste estudo
aos jogos de sorte ou azar. Estes caracterizam-se por darem origem a ganhos ou perdas,
às quais se encontram associadas diferentes probabilidades de sorte ou azar. Para
melhor identificar as motivações do jogo, pretende-se com recurso às finanças
comportamentais, identificar os fatores que condicionam as decisões tomadas pelos
jogadores.
A escolha do tema vem ao encontro de um interesse pessoal, bem como da vontade de
aprofundar conhecimentos numa área que me fascina. Os estudos recentes sobre
finanças comportamentais revelaram que, a irracionalidade com origem nas emoções, à
semelhança do que ocorre com os profissionais do mercado financeiro, também, está
presente nas decisões dos gestores e dos jogadores. Neste sentido, pretende-se,
identificar os principais perfis dos jogadores e, as suas principais características.
Um jogador propenso ao risco comporta-se como um especulador, na medida em que,
aceita correr riscos com o objetivo de melhorar rendimentos; se avesso ao risco, procura
segurança e estabilidade, apostando em resultados certos; se neutro ao risco, procura
melhores rendimentos, mas em segurança.
Para identificar os diferentes perfis de risco dos jogadores, recorreu-se a um
questionário anónimo, com o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência da participação
individual em diferentes tipologias de jogos de sorte e azar, inventariar os fatores
sociodemográficos associados ao jogo, bem como, as atitudes dos jogadores, com o
propósito de aferir o nível de risco a que ficam expostos. Na sua elaboração esteve
presente o manual DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder)
com o propósito de avaliar as motivações psicologias subjacentes ao ato de apostar e o
indicador de avaliação de risco PGSI (The Canadian Problem Gambling Severity Index)
centrado mais nos danos e nas consequências associados ao jogo.
Foi igualmente possível comparar os dois critérios (DSM-IV e PGSI), concluindo-se
que, quando se recorre aos critérios separadamente, existe uma maior predominância de
os indivíduos apresentarem uma maior propensão ao risco pelo critério DSM-IV do que
pelo critério PGSI, no entanto, quando se estabelece uma igualdade entre os dois
critérios observa-se que o critério PGSI ganha maior relevância na tomada de decisão
individual. Os dados obtidos foram analisados com recurso à estatística descritiva, à análise fatorial
e à regressão múltipla, sugerem que os indivíduos do sexo feminino são mais propensos
ao risco do que os indivíduos do sexo masculino. Os resultados revelam ainda que, a
idade, o nível salarial e a natureza da atividade profissional, não são indutores do nível
de risco. Em suma, verifica-se que na região norte e centro prevalecem variáveis
indutoras do risco, nomeadamente, o género, o nível de qualificação e a natureza da
atividade desenvolvida pelos indivíduos. Por outro lado, na região sul não foi possível
identificar qualquer indutor de risco.
O estudo realça a importância das finanças comportamentais, como corpo teórico, capaz
de flexibilizar o conceito de racionalidade completa, ao contemplar a forma como os
indivíduos se comportam, avaliando o impacto das suas decisões.
ABSTRACT: The word game can acquire different meanings, being associated in this study to games of chance. These are characterized by giving rise to gains or losses, which are associated with different probabilities of luck or chance. In order to better identify the motivations of the game, it is intended, using behavioral finances, to identify the factors that condition the decisions made by the players. The choice of the theme meets a personal interest, as well as the desire to deepen knowledge in an area that fascinates me. Recent studies on behavioral finance have revealed that irrationality originating from emotions, similar to what happens with professionals in the financial market, is also present in the decisions of managers and players. In this sense, it is intended to identify the main profiles of the players and their main characteristics. A risk-prone player behaves like a speculator, insofar as he accepts to take risks in order to improve yields; if averse to risk, looking for security and stability, betting on certain results; if neutral to risk, it seeks better yields, but in safety. To identify the different risk profiles of the players, an anonymous questionnaire was used, in order to assess the prevalence of individual participation in different types of games of chance, inventory the sociodemographic factors associated with the game, as well as the players' attitudes, with the purpose of assessing the level of risk to which they are exposed. In its elaboration, the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder) manual was present with the purpose of evaluating the psychology motivations underlying the act of betting and the PGSI (The Canadian Problem Gambling Severity Index) risk assessment indicator more focused damage and consequences associated with gambling. It was also possible to compare the two criteria (DSM-IV and PGSI), concluding that, when using the criteria separately, there is a greater predominance of individuals presenting a greater risk propensity by the DSM-IV criterion than by the PGSI criterion, however, when an equality is established between the two criteria, it is observed that the PGSI criterion gains greater relevance in individual decision-making. The data obtained, were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis and multiple regression, suggest that females are more prone to risk than males. The results also reveal that age, salary level and the nature of professional activity are not indicative of the level of risk. In short, it appears that in the northern and central regions, risk-inducing variables prevail, namely, gender, level of qualification and the nature of the activity carried out by individuals. On the other hand, in the southern region it was not possible to identify any risk inducer, given that the p-values of the different variables are above 0.05. The study highlights the importance of behavioral finance, as a theoretical body, capable of making the concept of complete rationality more flexible, by contemplating the way individuals behave, assessing the impact of their decisions.
ABSTRACT: The word game can acquire different meanings, being associated in this study to games of chance. These are characterized by giving rise to gains or losses, which are associated with different probabilities of luck or chance. In order to better identify the motivations of the game, it is intended, using behavioral finances, to identify the factors that condition the decisions made by the players. The choice of the theme meets a personal interest, as well as the desire to deepen knowledge in an area that fascinates me. Recent studies on behavioral finance have revealed that irrationality originating from emotions, similar to what happens with professionals in the financial market, is also present in the decisions of managers and players. In this sense, it is intended to identify the main profiles of the players and their main characteristics. A risk-prone player behaves like a speculator, insofar as he accepts to take risks in order to improve yields; if averse to risk, looking for security and stability, betting on certain results; if neutral to risk, it seeks better yields, but in safety. To identify the different risk profiles of the players, an anonymous questionnaire was used, in order to assess the prevalence of individual participation in different types of games of chance, inventory the sociodemographic factors associated with the game, as well as the players' attitudes, with the purpose of assessing the level of risk to which they are exposed. In its elaboration, the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder) manual was present with the purpose of evaluating the psychology motivations underlying the act of betting and the PGSI (The Canadian Problem Gambling Severity Index) risk assessment indicator more focused damage and consequences associated with gambling. It was also possible to compare the two criteria (DSM-IV and PGSI), concluding that, when using the criteria separately, there is a greater predominance of individuals presenting a greater risk propensity by the DSM-IV criterion than by the PGSI criterion, however, when an equality is established between the two criteria, it is observed that the PGSI criterion gains greater relevance in individual decision-making. The data obtained, were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis and multiple regression, suggest that females are more prone to risk than males. The results also reveal that age, salary level and the nature of professional activity are not indicative of the level of risk. In short, it appears that in the northern and central regions, risk-inducing variables prevail, namely, gender, level of qualification and the nature of the activity carried out by individuals. On the other hand, in the southern region it was not possible to identify any risk inducer, given that the p-values of the different variables are above 0.05. The study highlights the importance of behavioral finance, as a theoretical body, capable of making the concept of complete rationality more flexible, by contemplating the way individuals behave, assessing the impact of their decisions.
Description
Keywords
Finanças Comportamentais Risco Propensão ao risco DSM-IV PGSI