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A cultura do Figo (Ficus carica L.): uma proposta de itinerários técnicos
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| 2.67 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
A figueira (Ficus carica L.) é cultivada em Portugal desde a Antiguidade e apresenta especificidades botânicas marcantes: o figo é uma infrutescência, designada por sicónio, que contém o verdadeiro fruto - aquénios - que se encontram fechados no seu interior, e que só podem ser polinizados por um inseto específico, o ‘Blastophaga psenes’. Este estudo caracterizou os itinerários técnicos da cultura do figo, a partir de inquéritos semiestruturados, realizados a cinco produtores, que abrangeram operações culturais, custos de instalação/manutenção, formas de financiamento e canais de escoamento. Os resultados revelam potencial de rentabilidade, dependente da gestão hídrica, da escolha varietal (tipos Comum vs. Smyrna) e do acesso a mercados de alto valor (figo fresco premium ou figo seco). O cultivo em estufa, que tem o potencial de aumentar o rendimento e estender o período de colheita, em comparação com o cultivo ao ar livre, necessita de mais estudos para identificar os fatores que podem elevar sua produtividade. As práticas agrícolas observadas são maioritariamente sustentáveis, com predomínio do controlo biológico de pragas e uso reduzido de produtos químicos. Embora os custos de instalação e manutenção sejam elevados, a valorização do produto e a diversificação de mercados indicam potencial de rentabilidade, em função das variedades. O estudo foi desenvolvido em parceira com a Inovfarmer.MED.
Abstract: The fig tree (‘Ficus carica L’.) has been cultivated in Portugal since ancient times and has remarkable botanical characteristics: the fig is an infructescence, called a syconium, which contains the true fruit – achenes - that are enclosed inside it and can only be pollinated by a specific insect, ‘Blastophaga psenes’. This study characterized the technical itineraries of fig cultivation, based on semi-structured surveys conducted with five producers, covering cultivation operations, installation/maintenance costs, forms of financing and distribution channels. The results reveal potential profitability, depending on water management, varietal choice (Common vs. Smyrna types) and access to high-value markets (premium fresh figs or dried figs). Greenhouse cultivation, which has the potential to increase yield and extend the harvest period compared to outdoor cultivation, requires further study to identify the factors that can increase its productivity. The agricultural practices observed are mostly sustainable, with a predominance of biological pest control and reduced use of chemicals. Although installation and maintenance costs are high, product valuation and market diversification indicate potential profitability, depending on the varieties.
Abstract: The fig tree (‘Ficus carica L’.) has been cultivated in Portugal since ancient times and has remarkable botanical characteristics: the fig is an infructescence, called a syconium, which contains the true fruit – achenes - that are enclosed inside it and can only be pollinated by a specific insect, ‘Blastophaga psenes’. This study characterized the technical itineraries of fig cultivation, based on semi-structured surveys conducted with five producers, covering cultivation operations, installation/maintenance costs, forms of financing and distribution channels. The results reveal potential profitability, depending on water management, varietal choice (Common vs. Smyrna types) and access to high-value markets (premium fresh figs or dried figs). Greenhouse cultivation, which has the potential to increase yield and extend the harvest period compared to outdoor cultivation, requires further study to identify the factors that can increase its productivity. The agricultural practices observed are mostly sustainable, with a predominance of biological pest control and reduced use of chemicals. Although installation and maintenance costs are high, product valuation and market diversification indicate potential profitability, depending on the varieties.
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Keywords
Figueira Ficus carica L. Questionários Conta de cultura Rendimento Custos de produção Fig tree Questionnaires Crop acount Yield Production costs
Pedagogical Context
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CC License
Without CC licence