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Em Portugal, o estudo sobre rádios comunitárias era, até há relativamente pouco tempo, inexistente. A rádio continua a ser dos meios de comunicação menos explorados pela academia e, dentro desta área, a rádio como medium alternativo e ligado às comunidades locais não era sequer objeto de estudo. Entre 2015 e 2020 foram identificadas e caracterizadas 21 rádios comunitárias em Portugal, ao longo de um mapeamento que comprovou a existência de um terceiro setor de radiodifusão, ainda que sem qualquer enquadramento legal. A tendência, à semelhança da Europa, é crescente e os projetos continuam a surgir, sobretudo concentrados nas principais zonas metropolitanas, Lisboa e Porto, e no litoral. A caracterização destas emissoras mostra que são rádios sem fins lucrativos, que nascem no seio das comunidades, são geridas por estas e a grelha de programas é construída como alternativa aos media mainstream. Embora algumas destas emissoras de rádio surjam com o objetivo de intervenção social, política e cultural, este nível de intervenção com vista ao desenvolvimento local é ainda muito ténue, o mesmo que se passa quando se analisa o exercício do jornalismo, com vista à representação das comunidades e dos interesses locais. As rádios comunitárias portuguesas têm ainda poucos espaços dedicados à informação e notícias, assumindo-se um caráter sobretudo musical e de entretenimento. No entanto, há exceções, como o caso da Rádio Escuta, um projeto efémero, que decorreu em Lisboa, no bairro Almirante Reis, em 2018. Esta rádio focava-se na informação e no exercício do jornalismo, dando voz ao bairro em que surgiu, inclusive em vários idiomas, que correspondiam às comunidades imigrantes com maior representatividade nesta zona da capital portuguesa. A participação das comunidades na construção da grelha de programas e a participação nos media é uma realidade, contudo o acesso da população à participação em alguns destes projetos é controlado. Este artigo pretende também perceber como funcionam estas rádios, em Portugal, não existindo um enquadramento para este setor na lei da rádio (nº54/2010). Constata-se que vários projetos de rádios comunitárias estão oficialmente registados na ERC – a Entidade Reguladora da Comunicação - como “difusão de serviços de programas exclusivamente através da Internet”, não carecendo este registo de qualquer “habilitação prévia”, podendo ser efetuado por “pessoas singulares” como “entidades proprietárias dos serviços” (ERC, 2022). Confirmando-se que as rádios comunitárias portuguesas são um processo em expansão, importa rever a atual lei da radiodifusão portuguesa, para que seja permitido um registo oficial correto ou um melhor enquadramento legal para estes projetos, assim como importa analisar as rádios locais portuguesas, que reúnem várias características comunitárias, nomeadamente o facto de muitas emissoras serem organizações sem fins lucrativos e dinamizadas, maioritariamente, por voluntários.
In Portugal, the study about community radios was inexistent. Radio is still one of the media less explored by academia and, within this area, radio as an alternative medium and connected to local communities, was not even an object of study. Between 2015 and 2020, in Portugal, 21 community radios were identified and characterized, along a mapping that proved the existence of a third broadcasting sector, even if without any legal framework. Similarly to Europe, the trend is growing and projects continue to emerge, mainly concentrated in the main metropolitan areas, Lisbon and Porto, and on the coast. The characterization of these broadcasters shows that they are non-profit radios, which are born within the communities, are managed by them and the program schedule is built as an alternative to the mainstream media. Although some of these radio stations emerge with the goal of social, political and cultural intervention, this level of intervention with a view to local development is still very tenuous. Portuguese community radios still have few spaces dedicated to information and news, taking on a mainly musical and entertainment character. However, there are exceptions, such as the case of Rádio Escuta, an ephemeral project, which ran in Lisbon, in the Almirante Reis neighborhood, in 2018. This radio, focused on information and the exercise of journalism, giving voice to the neighborhood in which it emerged, including in several languages, which corresponded to the immigrant communities with greater representation in this area of the Portuguese capital. The participation of the communities in the construction of the program grid and the participation in the media is a reality, however, the access of the population to the participation in some of these projects is controlled. This article also aims to understand how these radios work, in Portugal, since there is no framework for this sector in the radio law (nº54/2010). It is noted that several community radio projects are officially registered with ERC - Entidade Reguladora da Comunicação – as “broadcasting of program services exclusively through the Internet”, and this registration does not require any “prior qualification” and can be done by “natural persons” as “entities which own the services” (ERC, 2022). Confirming that the Portuguese community radios are an expanding process, it is important to review the current Portuguese broadcasting law in order to allow a correct official registration or a better legal framework for these projects, as well as to analyze the Portuguese local radios, which have several community characteristics, namely the fact that many broadcasters are non-profit organizations and mostly run by volunteers.
In Portugal, the study about community radios was inexistent. Radio is still one of the media less explored by academia and, within this area, radio as an alternative medium and connected to local communities, was not even an object of study. Between 2015 and 2020, in Portugal, 21 community radios were identified and characterized, along a mapping that proved the existence of a third broadcasting sector, even if without any legal framework. Similarly to Europe, the trend is growing and projects continue to emerge, mainly concentrated in the main metropolitan areas, Lisbon and Porto, and on the coast. The characterization of these broadcasters shows that they are non-profit radios, which are born within the communities, are managed by them and the program schedule is built as an alternative to the mainstream media. Although some of these radio stations emerge with the goal of social, political and cultural intervention, this level of intervention with a view to local development is still very tenuous. Portuguese community radios still have few spaces dedicated to information and news, taking on a mainly musical and entertainment character. However, there are exceptions, such as the case of Rádio Escuta, an ephemeral project, which ran in Lisbon, in the Almirante Reis neighborhood, in 2018. This radio, focused on information and the exercise of journalism, giving voice to the neighborhood in which it emerged, including in several languages, which corresponded to the immigrant communities with greater representation in this area of the Portuguese capital. The participation of the communities in the construction of the program grid and the participation in the media is a reality, however, the access of the population to the participation in some of these projects is controlled. This article also aims to understand how these radios work, in Portugal, since there is no framework for this sector in the radio law (nº54/2010). It is noted that several community radio projects are officially registered with ERC - Entidade Reguladora da Comunicação – as “broadcasting of program services exclusively through the Internet”, and this registration does not require any “prior qualification” and can be done by “natural persons” as “entities which own the services” (ERC, 2022). Confirming that the Portuguese community radios are an expanding process, it is important to review the current Portuguese broadcasting law in order to allow a correct official registration or a better legal framework for these projects, as well as to analyze the Portuguese local radios, which have several community characteristics, namely the fact that many broadcasters are non-profit organizations and mostly run by volunteers.
Description
Keywords
Jornalismo Rádio