| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.41 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem por objectivo relatar o projeto de uma bateria com BMS para uso
num veículo eléctrico e contribuir para a melhor integração dos veículos eléctricos,
sensibilizando para a necessidade de uma mobilidade mais sustentável com suporte na
eletricidade face ao panorama atual energético.
O trabalho inicia-se com a exposição de um estado de arte sobre a evolução do veículo
eléctrico com enfâse nos factores que levaram à sua hibernação, assim como as motivações
que estiveram na origem do seu regresso e as diferentes arquiteturas atualmente em uso. De
seguida, expõem-se o estudo da cinemática do veículo automóvel com formulação das forças
que se opõem ao movimento, bem como a potência, velocidade e o binário para as vencer.
Analisam-se depois as diferentes tecnologias de armazenamento de energia. Destas são
exploradas as que atualmente cumprem melhor os requisitos para uso na mobilidade eléctrica
com maior incidência na tecnologia electroquímica à base de Lítio e nos seus
desenvolvimentos em curso. Apresentam-se também as funcionalidades que devem ser
implementadas por um BMS para supervisão dos parâmetros críticos e a proteção da bateria.
Foi depois escolhido um veículo e com base nas suas especificações procedeu-se ao projeto
de eletrificação do sistema propulsor com a escolha de componentes reais. Por aplicação da
teoria da cinemática foram formuladas as equações diferenciais que modelizam o
comportamento dinâmico do veículo. A partir desses estudos e das especificações encontradas
foi projetada uma bateria que permitisse alcançar a autonomia desejada e desenhada uma
possível representação do seu aspecto interior e encapsulamento. Com base na modelização
formulada foi desenvolvida uma aplicação em MATLAB para a simulação do comportamento
do veículo em diferentes cenários. Este modelo permite inferir a ação da variação da massa e
da inclinação do pavimento sobre aceleração e a velocidade instantânea e máxima alcançável,
assim como a distância percorrida pelo veículo. Com efeito, permite conhecer a evolução de
outros parâmetros como a potência e o binário motor e a forças atuantes com o movimento.
Adicionalmente foi realizada uma simulação do ciclo de condução NEDC que permite estimar
o consumo energético, a partir do qual é calculado o impacto ambiental e a autonomia
proporcionada pela bateria.
A aposta na conversão de um automóvel convencional em eléctrico é uma solução viável e
que promove a redução das emissões de CO2 deste sector, porém constitui ainda uma
atividade não compensadora do ponto de vista económico.
ABSTRACT: The present dissertation aimed to explain the project of a battery with BMS for use in electric vehicle and contribute to better integration of electric vehicles, promoting the awareness of the need to more sustainable mobility with support in electricity face to the actual energetic panorama. The work starts with the exposition of the state of the art about the evolution of electric vehicle with emphasis in the factors that lead to its hibernation, as well as the motivations that were in the origins of the returning and the different architectures that are actually being used. Then are expose the study of the vehicle kinematics with formulation of the forces which oppose to the movement, as well as the power, velocity and torque to overcome them. After different energy storage technologies are analyzed. From these ones are explored those that actually better obtain the requirements for use in electric mobility focusing more on electrochemical technology based in Lithium and its ongoing developments. This work also presents the functionalities to be implemented by a BMS for supervision of critical parameters and battery protection. A vehicle has been chose and based on its specifications, the electrification of the power drive has been developed with the choice of real components. By the application of the kinematic theory were formulated differential equations that model the dynamic behavior of the vehicle. From these studies and the specifications found was designed a battery that would achieve the desired autonomy and designed a possible representation of the inner aspect and encapsulation. Based on the formulated modeling an application in MATLAB was developed for the simulation of vehicle behavior in different scenarios. This model allows us to infer the action of the mass variation and pavement slope of acceleration and instantaneous and maximum achievable velocity, as well as the distance traveled by the vehicle. It allows to make possible to know the evolution of other parameters such as power and torque motor and the forces acting on the movement. In addition, a simulation of the driving cycle NEDC it was made that allows to estimate the energetic consumption, from which the environmental impact and the autonomy provided by the battery can be calculated. The investment in the transformation of a conventional vehicle to an electric is a viable solution and that promotes the reduction of CO2 emissions from this sector, but it´s not still a rewarding activity from an economic point of view.
ABSTRACT: The present dissertation aimed to explain the project of a battery with BMS for use in electric vehicle and contribute to better integration of electric vehicles, promoting the awareness of the need to more sustainable mobility with support in electricity face to the actual energetic panorama. The work starts with the exposition of the state of the art about the evolution of electric vehicle with emphasis in the factors that lead to its hibernation, as well as the motivations that were in the origins of the returning and the different architectures that are actually being used. Then are expose the study of the vehicle kinematics with formulation of the forces which oppose to the movement, as well as the power, velocity and torque to overcome them. After different energy storage technologies are analyzed. From these ones are explored those that actually better obtain the requirements for use in electric mobility focusing more on electrochemical technology based in Lithium and its ongoing developments. This work also presents the functionalities to be implemented by a BMS for supervision of critical parameters and battery protection. A vehicle has been chose and based on its specifications, the electrification of the power drive has been developed with the choice of real components. By the application of the kinematic theory were formulated differential equations that model the dynamic behavior of the vehicle. From these studies and the specifications found was designed a battery that would achieve the desired autonomy and designed a possible representation of the inner aspect and encapsulation. Based on the formulated modeling an application in MATLAB was developed for the simulation of vehicle behavior in different scenarios. This model allows us to infer the action of the mass variation and pavement slope of acceleration and instantaneous and maximum achievable velocity, as well as the distance traveled by the vehicle. It allows to make possible to know the evolution of other parameters such as power and torque motor and the forces acting on the movement. In addition, a simulation of the driving cycle NEDC it was made that allows to estimate the energetic consumption, from which the environmental impact and the autonomy provided by the battery can be calculated. The investment in the transformation of a conventional vehicle to an electric is a viable solution and that promotes the reduction of CO2 emissions from this sector, but it´s not still a rewarding activity from an economic point of view.
Description
Keywords
Veículo eléctrico Armazenamento de energia Células electroquímicas Bateria iões de Lítio BMS (Battery Management System) Conversores de potência e motores eléctricos Modelização cinemática e dinâmica