ESSV - UEMC - Artigo em revista científica, indexada ao WoS/Scopus
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- Adherence to therapeuthic regimen and metabolic control of type 1 diabetesPublication . Cunha, Madalena; Matos, Ana Paula; Almeida, Vera; Albuquerque, Carlos; Madureira, António; Estudantes 28º CLAbstract Objectives: To assess the adherence to therapeutic regimen; to determine the Hemoglobin Glycation Index (HbA1c); to analyse the relationship that exists between the adherence to therapeutic regimen and metabolic control. Design: correlational analytical study, carried out according to a cross-sectional perspective. Participants: A non-probabilistic sample of 266 people with type 1 diabetes aged between 18 and 78 years old (mean M = 51.02 ± SD = 18.710), attending follow-up diabetes consultations. Mostly male individuals (51.88%), with low schooling level (50.75% had only inished elementar school). Measuring Instruments: We used the following data collection tools: a questionnaire on clinical and socio-demographic data, blood analysis of venous blood to determine the glycated hemoglobin level (HbA1c).Three self-report scales were used: Accession to Diabetes Treatment (Matos, 1999), Self-perception Scale (Vaz Serra, 1986) and Social Support Scale (Matos & Rodrigues, 2000). Results: In a sample in which the mean disease duration is 12.75 years, 69.17% of the sample run glycemic control tests between once a day and four times a year and 42.86% of them undergo insulin treatment. In the last 3 weeks, 26.32% of these people have experienced an average of 4.22 to 44.36%, hypoglycemic crises and experienced an average of 6.18 hyperglycemic crises. 57% of the individuals have showed a poor metabolic control (mean HbA1c higher than 7.5% (HbA1c mean M ≥ 7.50%). The mean psychosocial proile revealed individuals who show a decent self-esteem (M = 70.81) and acceptable social support (M = 58.89). Conclusions: The results suggest we should develop a kind of investigation that could be used to monitor the strenght of the mediation effect effect of the psychosocial predictive dimension of the adherence, since it has become essential to support a multidisciplinary approach which center lays in the promotion of a co-responsible self-management from the person who suffers from diabetes. This will enable a better quality of life; fewer years of people’s lives lost prematurely and a better health with less economical costs for citizens and healthcare systems.
- Conflict resolution strategies : influence of organizational and professional commitment nursesPublication . Pinho, Paula; Albuquerque, Carlos; Cunha, MadalenaIntroduction: The changes in the health area and the set of structural changes in the nursing profession and career interfere in the dynamics and stability of the future of the nurses. Objectives: To study the influence of organizational and professional commitment of the nurses in the strategies of conflict resolution. Methods: This is a quantitative, transversal and non-experimental research, following a descriptive-correlational way. Data were obtained by applying a questionnaire to nurses that work on different types of Primary Health Care Units. As measuring instruments we used three scales that grouped a total of nine subscales used to evaluate: the organizational commitment, the professional commitment and the strategies of conflict resolution. Results: The majority of nurses present moderate scores of organizational and Professional commitment with higher affective commitment to the normative commitment or instrumental commitment and feel that nursing is an interesting and challenging profession, but personal and social perception of nursing relevance is moderately weak. Nurses adopt the domination conflict resolution strategies and accommodation over the head and less integrative strategies and commitment. With subordinates more nurses adopt the avoidance strategy. When the conflictual situation arises with colleagues more endow the integrative strategies and commitment and less domination strategy. The organizational and professional commitment is significantly associated with some solving strategies conflict adopted by nurses as the conflictual situation arises with the boss, with subordinates or colleagues. Some dimensions of organizational commitment and professional foretell to significantly shape the adoption of conflict resolution strategy adopted.
- Empowerment and adherence to the therapeutic regimen in people with diabetesPublication . Cunha, Madalena; André, Suzana; Granado, João; Albuquerque, Carlos; Madureira, AntónioA Diabetes Mellitus é uma doença crónica responsável por complicações que, não só limitam a vida do indivíduo, como também contribuem para um elevado índice de morbi-mortalidade. Desta forma, torna-se importante capacitar a pessoa para a gestão adequada do seu regime terapêutico. Promover o empowerment do individuo com diabetes assume-se como uma estratégia facilitadora da obtenção de ganhos em saúde e em qualidade de vida. Como objectivos, pretendeu-se analisar a relação das variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas com a adesão ao regime terapêutico em pessoas com diabetes e determinar o efeito preditivo do empowerment no processo de adesão. A maioria dos participantes pontuou com elevado empowerment (38,7%), verificando-se ainda existir uma associação positiva e significativa entre este e a adesão ao regime terapêutico, ou seja, quanto maior o empowerment, maior é a adesão. Os resultados do estudo mostram que o empowerment e as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas se relacionam significativamente com a adesão ao regime terapêutico pelo que devem ser consideradas quando se planeiam intervenções de educação terapêutica e clínica para as pessoas com diabetes.
- Ethical moral knowledge in nursing studentsPublication . Cunha, Madalena; Albuquerque, Carlos; Dias, António Madureira; Aparício, Graça; Bica, Isabel; André, Suzana; Martins, Rosa; 25º Curso de Licenciatura em EnfermagemAbstract: INTRODUCTION: Ethical/moral education is essential to design a scientific course in the health area, as well as for the development of the profession sustained on scientific evidence and best clinical practices. OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of ethical/moral knowledge; to determine if age and gender influence the level of ethical/moral knowledge. METHODS: Descriptive-analytic, cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample of 85 students enrolled in the 1st cycle of the nursing degree. RESULTS: It was found that most students (55.3%) expressed a positive understanding of ethical and moral knowledge. The remaining students manifest a knowledge deficit (44.7%). Male students have a better knowledge (76.9% vs. 51.4%), and women are more highly represented in the group with insufficient knowledge (48.6% vs. 23.1%). Students with more hours of training hold better knowledge of professional duties. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that nursing students have ethical/moral knowledge appropriate to the training course attended, demonstrating that the educational intervention promotes ethically driven training for care.
- Ethical-moral courses of action and active citizenship in health studentsPublication . Cunha, Madalena; Martins, Rosa; André, Suzana; Albuquerque, Carlos; Cunha, MariaAbstract Introduction: The practice of active citizenship, ethical-moral courses of action and civic, moral and ethics education are essentials for ethical decision making in health. Objetive: To determine if gender influences students’ ethical- moral course of action. Methods: Descriptive study with a non-probabilistic sample of 85 students enrolled in the 1st cycle of the health degree. Results: Of the participants surveyed 61.2% were found to say that action should take into account their moral principles, with ethical/ moral subjectivism prevailing; 44.7% consider that one should “Do what will have the best consequences for the greatest number of people”, with the principle of utilitarianism being significant; 55.3% think that “An action is ethically good” if “It is in accordance with morality”, thereby highlighting subjectivism/relativism; 45.9% believe that “ethical-moral values” “are relative and vary from society to society” agreeing with relativism as an explanatory principle for action. Males showed a greater tendency to support their decision-making with the principle of objectivism, (Fischer=.010). Conclusion: The results suggest that students’ ethical-moral education is required to promote an ethical-moral course of action in their professional practice. Thus, universities with their health courses should be at the forefront of this education, making their graduates ambassadors/interveners of a way of knowing and of being as well as promoters of the dignity of the citizen of the modern world.
- Food context and body mass index in adolescentPublication . Oliveira, António; Vásquez, Juan; Albuquerque, Carlos; Cunha, Madalena; Oliveira, MarinaBackground: In the last decades, the incidence of overweight and obesity has increased significantly worldwide, and Portugal wasn’t an exception. Nowadays the WHO places obesity among the ten major risk factors threatening health, considering the prevention of the obesity epidemic as a public health challenge priority in the twenty-first century. Objectives: Analyse the existence of causality of the food context variables (frequency of eating breakfast, number of daily meals, frequency of food intake between meals), as determining factors in the body mass index of adolescents. Methods: This study was observational and transversal, quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and correlational, was conducted with 1467 adolescents with a mean age of 14.01, mostly female sex (52.3%), living in rural areas (63.32%) in various districts of Portugal mainland, attending between the 5th and 12th grade of public education, it is carried out an anthropometric assessment and stratification index of obesity based on the framework of the NCHS of CDC (2000). Results: Low daily breakfast intake has an effect with statistical significance which goes in the sense that the fewer times they ingest breakfast the higher becomes their BMI (χ2=12.273, p = .046). Intake of only three meals a day is associated with a higher body mass index (χ2 = 17.062, p= .009). Ingesting rarely or never food between meals has an effect with statistical significance, which shows that the lower intake between meals the higher the body mass index will be (χ2 = 19.451, p = .003). Conclusion: Inferences show that when monitoring the adolescent’s development its indispensible to value risk determinants, being crucial to combat and preventing these if chosen to implement intervention programs focused on the family.
- Genetic heritage as a risk factor enabling chilhood obesityPublication . Cunha, Madalena; Aparício, Graça; Duarte, João; Pereira, Anabela; Albuquerque, Carlos; Oliveira, AntónioIntrodução: É hoje uma evidência que a obesidade materna, constitui importante preditor da obesidade na prole, não sendo consensual se essa influência advém da interacção entre genes e contexto familiar facilitadores ou de ambos. Objectivos: (i)determinar a prevalência do excesso de peso da criança (ii)classificar o estado nutricional e risco metabólico das progenitoras (iii) analisar o efeito dos marcadores de risco metabólico familiar na expressão da doença na criança. Material e Métodos: Estudo descritivo com 1424 crianças, média de idade 4.58 anos e respectivas mães, média de idades 34,47 anos, residentes em Portugal. Avaliadas e classificadas as medidas antropométricas das crianças pelo referencial NCHS (CDC, 2000)(1) e das progenitoras pelas orientações da OMS (2000)(2) e Portugal, DGS (2005)(3). Obtidos dados sociodemográficos por preenchimento do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar adaptado de Rito (2007)(4). Resultados: O excesso de peso afectava 34.3% das crianças, (incluindo 17.4% obesidade), sendo este mais elevado nos meninos (36.8%) e nas crianças de 5 anos (39.5%) Em 41,9% das progenitoras verificou-se excesso de peso (12,1% obesidade),sendo mais elevado nas mães com baixa instrução, baixo rendimento, nas mais velhas e nas que residiam na zona rural. A probabilidade da criança ter excesso de peso foi 1,4 vezes superior nas mães com excesso de peso e próxima de 2 vezes na relação mãe/filha. Revelaram-se ainda fatores facilitadores, o ganho ponderal durante a gravidez acima do recomendado e o peso ao nascer mais elevado. Conclusions: Face às inferências obtidas, aceita-se existir efeito facilitador dos marcadores maternos e infantis no desenvolvimento de excesso de peso da criança, pelo que a prevenção da obesidade infantil deverá considerar não só a dimensão ambiental mas igualmente a herança genética.
- Psychological features associated with health in higher education studentsPublication . Cunha, Madalena; Albuquerque, Carlos; Martins, Rosa; Madureira, António; Bica, Isabel; Albuquerque, Cristina OliveiraAbstract Background: The social and human sciences have enormously contributed to the study of health and well being of populations as well as to the risk factors and individual resilience that are associated to them. Thus, it is a general thought that one of the main functions of health professionals is to promote healthy behaviours in people. Aim: To verify if some psychological characteristics (Self-Esteem, Locus of Control, Internal Sense of Coherence) are associated to health(lifestyle, health state, general health perception) in higher education students. Method: The sample was made up by 548 students, men and women, who were attending Nursing School (n= 322) and other graduations without any health studies- Management, Languages, Secretarial and Administration (n=226). The protocol included: Inventory “My Lifestyle” Scale “State of Health”; To measure psychological variables: Sense of Coerence Questionnaire; Self-Esteem Clinical Inventory; Self-Esteem Physical Inventory; and Locus of Control Questionnaire. Results: There is an association, statistically significant between health variables and psychological variables, in the expected sense. Also, the results suggest that the Internal Sense of Coherence factors - understanding(ß= .336) and generalised significance(ß= .294)- are, in interaction with General Health Perception, predictors in a positive and highly significant way, for Health State, specifically in Nursing School Students. Conclusion: We believe this study points to a growing need of a bigger participation of psychologists (along with other health professionals) in the development of programs related to public health. Apart from an involvement in primary health care it will also be important for these professionals to participate in differentiated care.
- The factorial structure of the supervisor’s core competencies scalePublication . Cunha, Madalena; Duarte, João; Albuquerque, CarlosCunha & Albuquerque’s (2017) Supervisor’s Core Competencies Scale (SCoreCS) was designed to assess the ideal skills that college students expect their mentor teacher to master. The development of educational pedagogic and academic research in this field is of vital importance considering the lack of updated background knowledge of this topic. In view of this, the following question was raised: What is the Supervisor’s Core Competencies Scale internal consistency quality? This study sought to evaluate the psychometric properties, namely the factorial structure and the internal consistency of the Supervisor’s Core Competencies Scale. A cross - sectional study was conducted, after the Ethics Committee’s approval. The internal consistency study and the confirmatory factor analysis of the SCoreCS were developed using a sample of 306 students (81.7% of them were women) with an average age of 21.15. The SCoreCS internal consistency study revealed the existence of three (3) factors/subscales: 1) Personal Factors (α=0.979); 2) Interpersonal/Communication Factors (α=0.946); and 3) Performance Factors (α=0.936). A Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.972 was found for the global 21-items SCoreCS. Female students value the supervisor’s personal competencies more, while male students prefer the interpersonal competencies which revealed statistically significant differences. The youngest students (≤19) value all the different kinds of competencies which revealed statistically significant differences when compared to the other age groups. This research constitutes a first step in the study of the psychometric properties of the SCoreCS using a sample of the Portuguese population. The values of internal consistency in the different subscales and in the global score were found to be quite robust. The results suggest that the identification of personal, interpersonal/communicational and performance competencies should be considered in the assessment of the teachers' pedagogical practices. These findings will also foster the development of future research that will support a more contemporary pedagogical supervision in which innovation would be applied to college didactics.
- The factorial structure of the supervisor’s generic and specific competencies scalePublication . Cunha, Madalena; Albuquerque, Carlos; Cruz, CarlaCunha’s Supervisor’s General and Specific Competencies Scale (Cunha, 2017) was designed to assess the mentor teachers’ ideal competencies according to higher education students’ perspective. The development of further educational/pedagogical research in this area is essential to update the existing knowledge. This study sought to answer the question what the psychometric quality of Cunha's (2017) Supervisor's General and Specific Competencies Scale (CGES) is by assessing the psychometric properties, the factorial structure and the internal consistency of the Supervisor’s General and Specific Competencies Scale. To determine this, a methodological and cross-sectional study was carried out. The institutions authorised the collection of data and the participants completed the indispensable informed consent form. The internal consistency study and the confirmatory factor analysis of the CGES scale, (Cunha, Cruz, Menezes & Albuquerque, 2017) was developed using a sample consisting of 306 higher education students, who were attending medical schools located in the centre of Portugal. 81.7% of those participants were women with an average age of 21.15 years. The CGES scale internal consistency study revealed the existence of three (3) Factors/subscales: 1 – generic competencies (α = 0.960); 2 – specific competencies (α = 0.937) and 3 - metacompetencies (α = 0.805). There was a 0.907 Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the global 20 item scale. Students who were under 19 value the supervisor's generic skills, while metacompetencies are preferred by older students. There was a statistically significant difference between scores. This research constitutes the first assessment of the psychometric quality of the CGES scale measurement properties, using a sample from the Portuguese population. It shows the robustness of the internal consistency values obtained for the different subscales and that are taken into account in the final and global outcome. The results suggest that we should consider assessing the generic and the specific competencies, as well as the metacompetencies, exhibited by teachers when their pedagogical performance in the field of supervision is being assessed.