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- Exploring Lifestyle Factors and Treatment Adherence among Older Adults with Hypertension Attending a Mobile Health Unit (MHU) in a Rural Area of Central PortugalPublication . Pinto, Cátia; Margarida Correia Balula Chaves, Cláudia; Duarte, João; Raposo, António; Zandonadi, Renata Puppin; Monteiro, Sara; Teixeira-Lemos, EditeThis cross-sectional and analytical study aimed to characterize a sample of hypertensive older adults attending a Mobile Health Unit (MHU) in a rural area of central Portugal according to their lifestyle and to analyze the impact of lifestyles on treatment adherence. The sample comprised 235 Portuguese hypertense patients, mainly females (63.8%) with a mean age of 75 years (±8.14 years) and low level of education. The data collection was carried out through a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic questions, dietary variables, an Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire, an International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Short Version), a Nutrition Health Determination Questionnaire, a Self-Care with Hypertension Scale, and an Adherence to Treatments Measurement Scale. Only 34.5% of the hypertensive patients have controlled blood pressure values (28.2% men and 38% women). However, more than half (56.2%) of the hypertensive patients are classified as adherent to therapeutic measures. The hypertensive individuals, who present higher levels of adherence to the treatment, do not present alcohol dependence, are frequent consumers of aromatic herbs, sporadically consume salt, present good nutritional health, and practice moderate physical activity. The predictor variables for treatment adherence are the self-care dimensions general dietary (p = 0.001), specific dietary (p = 0.034), physical activity (p = 0.031), and antihypertensive medication intake (p < 0.001). Hypertensive patients with healthier lifestyles present better levels of treatment adherence. Therefore, promoting physical activity and healthy dietary practices is necessary to improve treatment adherence and increase antihypertensive treatment’s effectiveness.
- Tratamento pré-hospitalar da dor traumática aguda: um estudo observacionalPublication . Mota, Mauro; Santos, Margarida Reis; Santos, Eduardo; Henriques, Carla; Matos, Cristina Bico Rodrigues de; Cunha, MadalenaObjective: To describe and analyze the effectiveness of nurses’ interventions in pain reduction among patients with traumatic injury. Methods: Prospective cohort study conducted in the Immediate Life Support Ambulances in Portugal from March 1, 2019 to April 30, 2020. We have collected data on the kind of interventions implemented and the time elapsed during rescue procedures. To investigate the course of acute trauma pain, a 11-point Numeric Rating Scale was used. Changes in the level of pain registered throughout the three assessment moments were studied using linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts to account for the repeated measurements conducted on the same patient. These changes were assessed before and after the administration of the pain relief interventions. Results: 596 patients were included in this study. Most of them were male (65.9%) and had a mean age of 53.05±19.72 years. There was a reduction in the average pain intensity of 2.44 points (p
- Variáveis de contexto pessoal e académico como preditoras do abandono escolarPublication . Ferreira, Manuela; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Campos, Sofia; Duarte, João; Guiné, Raquel; Pereira, AndreiaEnquadramento: A complexidade do fenómeno do abandono escolar, perspetivado como a não con clusão do curso frequentado, pressupõe diferentes preditores deste fenómeno. Objetivos: Identificar variáveis preditoras dos motivos de intenção de abandono escolar nos estudan tes do ensino superior. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo transversal, descritivo-correlacional e analítico, com uma amostra não probabilística por conveniência de 1175 estudantes portugueses. O instrumento de recolha de dados incluiu um questionário sociodemográfico, uma Escala de Motivos de Intenção de Abandono Escolar do Ensino Superior e outras escalas validadas. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos identificam, como variáveis preditoras das quatro dimensões dos motivos de intenção de abandono escolar, a idade e o sexo, a perceção emocional, a performance de aprendizagem e dimensões das vivências académicas dos estudantes. Conclusão: Constata-se a necessidade de apoiar os estudantes ao nível da gestão de expectativas, dotando-os de uma maior capacidade de lidar com as suas perceções emocionais. Sugere-se a criação de medidas de mitigação do abandono escolar atendendo ao seu perfil sociodemográfico e criação de infraestruturas que garantam a qualidade de vida académica.
- Development of a Questionnaire to Assess Knowledge and Perceptions about Edible InsectsPublication . Guiné, Raquel; Florença, Sofia De Guiné E; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Correia, Paula; Ferreira, Manuela; Duarte, João; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Campos, Sofia; Anjos, OféliaEdible insects (EI) have been consumed as traditional foods in many parts of the globe, but in other regions, they are not readily accepted, particularly in Western countries. However, because EI are suggested to constitute a more sustainable protein food as compared with other sources of animal protein, they can be considered a future food that could help mitigate hunger and malnutrition. Additionally, new gastronomic trends are already targeting this area for exploring new potentialities. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess consumers’ perceptions and knowledge about EI in seven different domains: D1. Culture and Tradition, D2. Gastronomic Innovation and Gourmet Kitchen, D3. Environment and Sustainability, D4. Economic and Social Aspects, D5. Commercialization and Marketing, D6. Nutritional Aspects and D7. Health Effects. The 64 items were subjected to item analysis and reliability analysis for validation, and factor analysis was also conducted to identify a grouping structure. The results validated all the items of the seven subscales with high values of Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.732 for D1, α = 0.795 for D2, α = 0.882 for D3, α = 0.742 for D4, α = 0.675 for D5, α = 0.799 for D6 and α = 0.788 for D7). However, by eliminating 17 items, the final values of the alpha increased in all subscales. Factor analysis with extraction by principal component analysis with varimax rotation extracted 14 factors that explained, in total, 65% of the variance, although the first two factors were the most important (35.7% variance explained). In conclusion, the confirmed usefulness of the questionnaire has been hereby validated for assessing consumer perceptions of and knowledge about EI.
- Effectiveness of prehospital nursing interventions in stabilizing trauma victimsPublication . Mota, Mauro; Cunha, Madalena; Santos, Eduardo José Ferreira dos; Figueiredo, Ândrea; Silva, Márcio; Campos, Rui; Reis Santos, MargaridaBackground: Trauma is a public health issue with a significant social and economic impact. However, national data on its characterization and the role of nursing in its management is still scarce. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of prehospital nursing interventions in stabilizing trauma victims provided by nurses of Immediate Life Support Ambulances in Portugal. Methodology: Observational, prospective, and descriptive-correlational study. Data were collected by nurses of the Immediate Life Support Ambulances in mainland Portugal, from 01/03/2019 to 30/04/2020, and the Azores, from 01/10/2019 to 30/04/2020. Trauma severity indices were assessed before and after the nursing interventions. Results: This study included 606 cases (79.4% blunt trauma; 40.8% road accidents) reported by 171 nurses. Nurses performed mostly interventions for hemodynamic support (88.9%) and non-pharmacological pain control (90.6%) of trauma victims. The nursing interventions improved the Revised Trauma Score and the Shock Index (p<0.001). Conclusion: Prehospital nursing interventions improve trauma victims’ clinical status
- Eating Habits and Food Literacy: Study Involving a Sample of Portuguese AdolescentsPublication . Ferreira, Manuela; Guiné, Raquel; Leitão, A. L.; Duarte, João; Andrade, J.; Amaral, OdeteAdolescents tend to neglect food and their eating pattern is influenced by several factors. Adolescents’ health literacy substantiates their ability to respond to the growing demands of health, being linked to health promotion in several areas, including food. The goal of this work was to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic and contextual variables with secondary school students’ food literacy. A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was carried out with a sample of 181 nonprobabilistic secondary school students, aged between 16 and 21 years (mean = 18.09 years ± 1.45), mostly female (58.0%), from 11th grade (35.4%), who are part of a secondary school in central Portugal. As a tool for data collection, the questionnaire of the project “Your PEL – Promote and Empower for Health Literacy in the young population” was used, aggregating three areas: eating behaviors, harmful consumptions and sexuality. The results showed that 58.6% of young people eat 4–5 meals a day, consume fast food weekly (79%) and eat soup (82.3%). Additionally, they eat fruit and vegetables on a daily basis (94.5 and 83.4%, respectively). The results further showed that 10th grade students have higher levels of health and food literacy. It was observed that both girls and boys are interested in receiving information regarding food, transmitted through social networks and by a communication application (84.5 and 73.5%, respectively), with significant differences (χ2 = 4.768; p = 0.028). Adolescents face unique health challenges and a critical level of health literacy compromises their understanding of information about diet and future health. The results indicate that educational plans to empower adolescents in these areas, which integrate gender and age differences and sources of information as important variables to be considered, are pivotal for increasing levels of health and food literacy.
- Intervenções de enfermagem pré-hospitalar : revisão narrativaPublication . Mota, Mauro; Cunha, Madalena; Reis-Santos, Margarida; Cunha, Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm; Alves, Mónica; Marques, NunoObjetivo: Construir algoritmos de intervenção de enfermagem pré-hospitalar para vítimas de trauma. Metodologia: Revisão Narrativa da Literatura, entre 2008 e 2019, nas principais bases de dados. Dois revisores independentes realizaram a avaliação crítica, extração e síntese dos dados. A construção dos algoritmos resultou do processo interpretativo da revisão narrativa por três peritos na área. Utilizou-se o modelo teórico de Virgínia Henderson. Resultados: Obtiveram-se 17 documentos, seis foram incluídos no desenvolvimento dos metaparadigmas Saúde, Pessoa e Ambiente e 16 na elaboração e construção de Algoritmos de avaliação, diagnóstico e intervenções de enfermagem às vítimas de trauma. Conclusões: A revisão possibilitou a operacionalização do modelo teórico de Henderson para a assistência pré-hospitalar permitindo a criação de algoritmos orientadores da prática de enfermagem.
- Living Conditions and Helicobacter pylori in AdultsPublication . Amaral, Odete; Fernandes, Isabel; Veiga, Nélio; Pereira, Carlos; Chaves, Claudia; Nelas, Paula; Silva, DanielInfection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is transmissible and is considered a public health issue which affects people of all ages. The objective of this study was to identify factors (lifestyles, dietary factors, and hygiene conditions) related to the prevalence of H. pylori infection.
- Health Literacy And Pregnancy SurveillancePublication . Ferreira, Manuela; Neto, Silvia; Amaral, Odete; Duarte, JoãoHealth literacy is a determinant of health and quality of life. During pregnancy, one can identify symptoms that may affect the evolution of the pregnancy. The objectives of the study were to determine the level of literacy in the health of pregnant women, and identify the sociodemographic, obstetric and prenatal care variables associated with the level of literacy in the health of pregnant women. The methods involved a a cross-sectional study, using a quantitative, descriptive and correlational approach with nonprobabilistic sample, intended for convenience (n = 404 pregnant women) with a mean age of 32 years. The collection of data was carried out by applying a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic questions, obstetrical questions and the HLS-EU-EN-scale (National School of Public Health, 2014). Using the HLS-EU-EN scale, 36.9% of pregnant women presented a problematic level of health literacy. However, a sufficient level of literacy about care was shown in 40.1% of the women, about prevention of diseases in 39.9% and about health promotion in 38.4%. The health literacy during pregnancy is influenced by nationality (p = 0.048), place of residence (p = 0.000), educational level (p = 0.000), family income (p = 0.000), internet within the household (p = 0.000), planning and desire of pregnancy (p <0.05) preparation course for childbirth/parenting (p = 0.000), prenatal care (p = 0.000) and early prenatal care before 12 weeks (p = 0.000). We obtained a problematic level of Literacy in Health that was associated with several sociodemographic and obstetric variables. This improved the result in pregnancy, which is essential for healthy motherhood and includes the development of skills and knowledge so that the pregnant woman has decision-making power and autonomy to make free and informed decisions.
- The influence of population aging in public healthPublication . Veiga, Nélio; Couto, Patrícia; Fernandes, Adélia; Oliveira, Alexia; Gomes, Daniela; Santos, Daniela; Amaral, Odete; Pereira, Carlos; Pereira, Pedro; Coelho, InêsIntroduction Population aging is one of the greatest challenges in contemporary public health. Thus, one of the consequences of this dynamic is a greater demand for health services. The aim of the present research consists in explaining the main topics that justify the fact that the increase of population-aging worldwide influences public health strategies applied. Materials and methods To carry out this review article the search strategies included electronic databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Library and Science Direct, reference lists of articles, and selected textbooks. Articles and textbooks used in this study were mainly reached by using the following keywords: “Public health”; “Population-ageing “; “Global Aging”; “Elderly” and “Health”. Selection criteria included articles published from 1985 to the present year of 2018. At the end of the search, 11 scientific articles were selected. Results and Discussion The physical / biological, psychological and social changes associated with the elderly leads to decrease of health, withdrawal from the labor market and several unfavorable situations, which cannot be controlled. In this context, the elderly seek to find support in the family, neighborhood, friends and institutions that will influence their quality of life. Therefore, the path of Public Health has three essential points: first, health promotion and primary prevention, which requires a lot of health education to develop healthy living habits and improve understanding of the aging process; secondly, appropriate health treatments, including professionals trained in Geriatrics and Gerontology, aiming at early diagnosis and interdisciplinary administration of diseases, seeking to preserve functional capacity; and finally, the rehabilitation of the functions committed, aiming at functional independence and mental autonomy, in any type of incapacity or limitation. Conclusions Aging is a challenge to be integrated by Public Health and the vulnerability inherent in the elderly should never be seen in a unique way. Thus, we believe in the importance of different forms of support, not only in terms of assistance, clinical treatment and rehabilitation, but also in the implementation of public policies and disease prevention actions, as well as health promotion of the population of integral form.