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- Advances in measuring the water footprint of dairy farmingPublication . Monteiro, António; Gökdal, Özdal; Webster, J.
- Agricultural Policies in India: Demands of Current RealitiesPublication . Martinho, VítorAny assessment of the agricultural sector and the respective policies worldwide increase its robustness if considering the Indian framework. In fact, India is a populous country in South Asia with great changes to meet the demand for food of its population. Some solutions have been discussed; however, the questions here are the relationships between the need for higher food production and the environmental impacts. The climate-smart agriculture (CSA) approaches may have some solutions; nonetheless, the threats brought by global warming are real and challenging. Taking into account India's food requirements, the contributions of agricultural policy are analysed to support the identification of solutions through a systematic review based on items with higher total link strength. As main conclusions, of referring the attention of the Indian agricultural policies with the new approaches of the CSA, water management, public health, agrobiodiversity, agricultural and policy transitions, trade liberalisation and the Asian green revolution.
- An Insight into the Level of Information about Sustainability of Edible Insects in a Traditionally Non-Insect-Eating Country: Exploratory StudyPublication . Guiné, Raquel; Florença, Sofia; Anjos, Ofélia; Correia, Paula; Ferreira, Bruno; Costa, Cristina Amaro DaInsects have been reported as a possible alternative solution to help feed the growing world pop-ulation with less stress on the planet, thus contributing to the preservation of the environment and natural ecosystems. However, the consumption of edible insects (EIs), although culturally ac-cepted for some communities, is not readily accepted for others. Hence this work explores the lev-el of information that people in a traditionally non-insect-eating country have about the sustaina-bility issues related with EIs, and also some possible reasons that could motivate their consump-tion. The study was based on a questionnaire survey and the results were explored by descriptive statistic tools, tree classification analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the level of information is still low in general, with most people not manifesting an opinion. However, some aspects are relatively familiar to the participants (88.9% know that the ecological footprint of insects is smaller than other meats and 86.9% know that they efficiently convert or-ganic matter into protein). Factor and cluster analysis showed three classes: cluster 1—people not informed about the facts disclosed through the true statements and also not able to distinguish the false information; cluster 2—people not informed about the facts disclosed through the true statements but who were able to distinguish the false information; and cluster 3—people well in-formed about the facts disclosed through the true statements but who were marginally unable to distinguish the false information. It was also found that education, sex and professional area are the most relevant sociodemographic factors associated with the level of information, and the highest motivations to consume EIs are their contribution to preserve the environment and natu-ral resources followed by being a more sustainable option (for 64.7% and 53.4% of participants, respectively). Hence it was concluded that, although some work still needs to be done to better inform people about EIs, there is already some conscientiousness that they constitute a good and more sustainable alternative to other types of meat.
- An Insight into the Level of Information about Sustainability of Edible Insects in a Traditionally Non-Insect-Eating Country: Exploratory StudyPublication . Guiné, Raquel; Florença, Sofia De Guiné E; Anjos, Ofélia; Correia, Paula; Ferreira, Bruno; Costa, Cristina AmaroInsects have been reported as a possible alternative solution to help feed the growing world population with less stress on the planet, thus contributing to the preservation of the environment and natural ecosystems. However, the consumption of edible insects (EIs), although culturally accepted for some communities, is not readily accepted for others. Hence this work explores the level of information that people in a traditionally non-insect-eating country have about the sustainability issues related with EIs, and also some possible reasons that could motivate their consumption. The study was based on a questionnaire survey and the results were explored by descriptive statistic tools, tree classification analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the level of information is still low in general, with most people not manifesting an opinion. However, some aspects are relatively familiar to the participants (88.9% know that the ecological footprint of insects is smaller than other meats and 86.9% know that they efficiently convert organic matter into protein). Factor and cluster analysis showed three classes: cluster 1—people not informed about the facts disclosed through the true statements and also not able to distinguish the false information; cluster 2—people not informed about the facts disclosed through the true statements but who were able to distinguish the false information; and cluster 3—people well informed about the facts disclosed through the true statements but who were marginally unable to distinguish the false information. It was also found that education, sex and professional area are the most relevant sociodemographic factors associated with the level of information, and the highest motivations to consume EIs are their contribution to preserve the environment and natural resources followed by being a more sustainable option (for 64.7% and 53.4% of participants, respectively). Hence it was concluded that, although some work still needs to be done to better inform people about EIs, there is already some conscientiousness that they constitute a good and more sustainable alternative to other types of meat
- Animal Models in Phytopharmacology and Toxicological Testing of Plant ProductsPublication . Faustino-Rocha, A. I.; Medeiros-Fonseca, B; Vala, Helena; Pires, Maria J.; Vasconcelos-Nóbrega, C.; Oliveira, Paula A.; Corresponding author: Faustino-Rocha, A. I..Plant products have been used worldwide for thousands of years in traditional medicine for their potential health benefits. Nowadays, plant products still play an important role in healthcare, especially in developing countries where the access to basic medicines and health facilities is inadequate. Although the plant products are presumed safe and there is a conviction that “It is natural, then it is harmless”, some of them have been associated with acute or chronic intoxications. The toxic effects include allergic reactions; carcinogenic action; cardiovascular, hematological, and neurological difficulties; gastrointestinal symptoms; renal or hepatic toxicity; and, in most severe cases, the death. Once safety is a major concern with the plant products to be used in animals or humans, it is important to conduct toxicity studies on them to ascertain their safety. Animals have been long used to study several diseases, and they are an invaluable tool to test the safety of plant products. This chapter aimed to offer a review concerning the animal models available for phytopharmacology and toxicological testing of plant products.
- Applying Artificial Intelligence to Predict Crop OutputPublication . Martinho, VítorThe agricultural output has several parts, and depending on the characteristics of the farms, one of these parcels is related to crop production. Including in the crop output, the sources of these incomes are diverse. In any case, crop production has a fundamental role in the sustainability of the farms and society, as a source of income for the farmers and food for the population. In this context, it is important to understand the main factors that may support the stakeholders in predicting the crop output in the European Union farms. The main objective of this research is to identify the most adjusted models and the most important variables to predict crop income in the European Union context. For that, data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network were considered, as well as approaches associated with artificial intelligence. The main findings provide relevant insights and knowledge, namely for farmers and policymakers that may be considered in the processes of agricultural planning, management and policy design.
- Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit): Composition, nutrition Value and ProductsPublication . Guiné, Raquel; Florença, Sofia De Guiné EJackfruit is the largest edible fruit in the world, being cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world. This gigantic fruit can be up to 90 cm in length by 30 cm in wide and weight up to 50 kilograms. It is a fruit rich in fibres, proteins, minerals like Calcium, Phosphorus and Iron and Vitamins of Complex B, mainly Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) and Vitamin B5 (Niacin). Some medicinal properties are attributed to jackfruit, making it a useful tool used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world, such as antiasthmatic, antidiarrheal, anticough healing or diuretics. This chapter compiles some general information about jackfruit as well as its composition and bioactive properties with impact on human health.
- Benchmarking the European Union’s Digital Context with Those of Other Global Agricultural FrameworksPublication . Martinho, VítorThe digital transition is an unstoppable worldwide process; however, the constraints for its effective implementation are enormous and dependent on the internal context of each individual country and on the particularities of each economic sector. The availability of infrastructures and human capital qualification are, for example, some of the factors which influence a successful digital adoption. The context of the pandemic brought up more discussion concerning these issues and showed in real contexts the benefits and disadvantages of this new digital wave for our lives, professions and business organisation. Considering these motivations, it would seem interesting to analyse digital adoption on a global scale and its impacts on the agricultural sector. Therefore, data from the World Bank was considered, namely data related to the Digital Adoption Index and agricultural socioeconomic variables. This statistical information was first assessed through spatial approaches and later considering factor-cluster analyses methodologies and matrices of correlation. The findings obtained allow for the identification of clusters worldwide and to highlight relevant insights which may provide relevant bases for several stakeholders, including international institutions and the scientific community.
- Bibliometric Analysis on Era 4.0: Main Highlights for the Agricultural SectorPublication . Martinho, VítorNew realities created through contexts associated with climate change have brought about additional worldwide challenges specifically to deal with the needs of an increasing population without compromising any sustainable Development Goals. A better organisation of the agri-food chains through more efficient practices are the objectives for both national institutions and international organisations. The frameworks related to Era 4.0, namely those interlinked with Agriculture 4.0, Food 4.0 and Industry 4.0, may provide relevant contributions to these challenges. From this perspective, the intention of this study is to highlight bibliometric insights from the literature concerning Era 4.0 and agriculture. For that reason, a bibliometric analysis was carried out, considering bibliographic data, with documents obtained from the Web of Science and Scopus for the topics “agricultur* 4.0”, “agricultur* and food 4.0” and “agricultur* and industry 4.0”. The results obtained show that there are leading authors, organisations and countries in these subjects that may be considered as benchmarks for other researchers worldwide.
- Biological and antioxidant activities of Physalis peruvianaPublication . Guiné, Raquel P. F.; Bruno, Iara; Ferreira, Manuela; Florença, Sofia De Guiné E