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- Overview of the use of data assets in the context of Portuguese companies: Comparison between Micro, SMEs and large companiesPublication . Guimarães, André; Enrique, Daisy; Reis, Pedro; Cardoso, Antonio J. MarquesIn the digital age, data has become a crucial asset for businesses, serving as a valuable resource for production and decision-making. Effective data management is essential for enhancing companies’ competitiveness and operational efficiency. While big data holds the potential to drive innovation, particularly for small and medium-sized companies (SMEs), many companies struggle to leverage this digital capability effectively. This article examines the nuances of data management practices in Portugal, highlighting the differences between micro, small, medium, and large companies. To achieve this, data were collected from 390 Portuguese companies, and a Kruskal–Wallis Test was conducted to determine if significant differences exist in data utilization across company sizes. The results indicate substantial disparities in the use of data for developing new services and in the application of technologies for Data Storage Security, Security for Data Exchange with Partners, and Cloud Computing Security among micro, small, medium, and large companies. These findings underscore the importance of tailored strategies to improve data management practices and enhance the digital capabilities of companies of all sizes.
- The Synergy Between Lean Philosophy and Value Engineering for New Product DevelopmentPublication . Guimarães, André; Estácio Marques Mendes Gaspar, Daniel Augusto; Reis, Pedro; Cardoso, A. J. M.rganizations worldwide consistently strive to eliminate waste through approaches like Lean and adopting core functions through concepts such as Value Engineering (VE). Several sources affirm that integrating VE with Lean can enhance, streamline, and amplify efforts to implement Lean principles within an organization. Conversely, Lean can improve the effectiveness of VE initiatives. Based on a comprehensive literature review utilizing a natural language processing algorithm, this study focuses on understanding the intersection between these concepts. The review identified eight main sub-topics across three key areas: Lean Healthcare and Performance, Customer Value Improvement, and Process and Product Optimization. The practical implications of integrating Lean and VE in product development include faster time-to-market, enhanced manufacturability, and improved product quality while reducing start-up issues and development costs. This integration fosters a more collaborative environment, aligning teams with customer needs and expectations. The unique contribution of this study lies in demonstrating how Lean and VE, when applied together, form a holistic and robust framework that optimizes efficiency and ensures superior functionality and cost-effectiveness throughout the product development lifecycle.
- Enhancing Third-Party Logistics Efficiency: A Digital Approach to Transport CostingPublication . Pereira, M. Teresa; Gabriel, Nuno Miguel; Pereira, Marisa G.; Ramos, Filipe R.; Guimarães, AndréOver time, organizations and their supply chains have adapted to constant global change by increasingly adopting digital technologies for optimization, operational efficiency, and competitive advantage. These technologies, which are part of digital transformation, automate manual and repetitive processes, optimize operations and reduce human error. In this project, a decision support model was developed using Python to optimize the current manual costing processes involving 62 Excel spreadsheets and related calculations to achieve efficiency in the transportation processes of Company X, a third party logistics provider. The model was evaluated for accuracy, monetary savings, and time efficiency compared to the manual process. The Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) was chosen to structure this work. The project produced positive results, with three scenarios (pessimistic, realistic and optimistic) showing annual monetary savings of over €6,000 and time efficiency of over 86%. Despite minor limitations, the project successfully applied digital transformation to transport optimization and demonstrated significant time and monetary benefits to the organization.
- Optimization of Metal Sheet Cutting Processes Using Integer Linear Programming: Reducing Waste and Enhancing Production EfficiencyPublication . Pereira, Marisa G.; Pereira, M. Teresa; Fernandes, Miguel A.; Silva, Francisco G.; Guimarães, André; Ferreira, Fernanda A.This paper presents an optimization approach for metal sheet cutting processes using Integer Linear Programming (ILP). It addresses the critical challenges of material waste and inefficiencies inherent in traditional manual cutting methods. The primary objective was to develop and implement an ILP-based model to automate and optimize cutting plans, thereby minimizing material waste and enhancing production efficiency. The proposed model extends existing optimization frameworks by incorporating constraints and decision variables tailored to the Two-Dimensional Strip Packing Problem (2D-SPP). Implemented in Python with libraries such as PuLP for mathematical modeling and Matplotlib for result visualization, the model was validated using real-world datasets. Results demonstrated substantial improvements, achieving material utilization rates of up to 87.94%. These findings underscore the effectiveness of ILP in addressing complex industrial challenges, offering a systematic approach to waste reduction and workflow optimization. The paper concludes by evaluating the model’s practical implications and its potential scalability for broader industrial applications.
- Implementation of DL 101-D/2020 in a Service BuildingPublication . Almeida, Álvaro; Silva, José; VAZ, PAULO; Araujo, Rui; Serrano, HelenaEnergy efficiency and environment decarbonization are domains of growing concern. There is an emphasis in the energy rehabilitation of buildings and in the study and research of improvement measures aimed to make the building an NZEB (Nearly Zero Energy Building). The regulatory framework issued by the member states of the European Union, establish different objectives and provide methodologies for the calculation of energy performance, establishing minimum requirements for new buildings. This work addresses the implementation of the energy certification in a service building, applying the calculation methods to a case study. Improvement proposals are presented for the energy performance improvement that lead to a reduction in energy consumption. The purpose is to demonstrate that the proposed measures for the rational use of energy, outlined in the energy certificate, contribute to increased energy efficiency. These measures foster the reduction of energy consumption and consequently the reduction of greenhouse gases emissions.
- Exploring the Potential of Mixed Reality as a Support Tool for Industrial Training and Production Processes: A Case Study Utilizing Microsoft HoloLensPublication . Silva, José; Nogueira, Pedro; Martins, Pedro; VAZ, PAULO; Abrantes, JoséAs processes become increasingly complex within companies, limitations in employees’ abilities and skills can reduce their work potential. To address this, traditional learning processes have shifted towards technology-assisted learning, utilizing virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality as support tools to ensure the evolution of operators’ skills. The objective of this study was to test the use of mixed reality as a support tool in a sector of an assembly line by utilizing Microsoft HoloLens 2 glasses on a didactic bench in the process of assembling a pneumatic cylinder. The data collected by the smart glasses was used to develop a report on productive times and analyze the data to implement changes in the assembly process to achieve better results. Overall, this study highlights the potential of mixed reality as a support tool in the learning and control of operator tasks in an industrial context, improving the learning experience and sometimes even eliminating the need for a separate learning phase. The data collected also allowed for the development of reports on production times and stock control, further showcasing the benefits of utilizing mixed reality technology in the workplace.
- A manutenção na Gestão de ativosPublication . Gaspar, Daniel Augusto Estácio Marques Mendes; Reguenga, Diana; Almeida, Nuno; Sobral, JoséO presente livro é resultado da firme parceria técnica luso-brasileira entre os coordenadores, a Fundec (Associação para a Formação e o Desenvolvimento em Engenharia Civil e Arquitectura), o IST (Instituto Superior Técnico de Lisboa), o Instituto de Engenharia e o Inbec (Instituto Brasileiro de Educação Continuada), que desde 2015 estão a realizar eventos em prol do desenvolvimento da Engenharia Diagnóstica, com foco principal nas investigações técnicas dos principais problemas das edificações e demais obras de Engenharia Civil. Tal parceria já possibilitou a realização de três eventos conjuntos, o primeiro na Fundec, em Lisboa (2016), e outros dois no Brasil, um em Santos (2017), e outro em Fortaleza (2019). Além dos eventos conjuntos também já houve a participação de professores portugueses do IST, Inês Flores-Colen e João Gomes Ferreira, na segunda edição do livro Manual de Engenharia Diagnóstica, editado pela LEUD em 2021, comprovando a união de esforços luso-brasileiros, no engrandecimento dos estudos avançados de Engenharia Civil, o que agora fica consolidado e consagrado neste livro. Essa parceria, nos diversos eventos e várias interações, evidenciou que o grande fator de destaque na investigação das edificações, sem qualquer dúvida, é a manutenção. Os problemas decorrentes de eventuais anomalias de projeto, materiais ou execução, ordinariamente, se manifestam no início da utilização das edificações, e são tratadas e reparadas ainda na fase de garantia. No entanto, as falhas de manutenção, ou mesmo a sua precariedade e ausência, vão se acumulando e causam sérios problemas técnicos, sem embargo de graves acidentes, como temos constatado em incêndios, desabamentos de prédios e pontes, além de outras ocorrências, muitas com perdas humanas significativas. A deficiente ou falta de manutenção mata gente e causa prejuízos imensos. Essa realidade precisa ser enfrentada com objetividade, técnica e legal, inclusive no foco de nova legislação. Este manual tem o foco técnico, mas o alerta da necessidade de um olhar jurídico para a questão foi lançado à reflexão da sociedade, nos prefácios e até mesmo nos diversos capítulos, o que é um importante alerta e uma inovação muito bem-vinda, em prol da segurança e da preservação da vida. Os autores são especialistas na investigação técnica e em procedimentos da manutenção de edificações e obras civis, os conteúdos são os mais destacados nesta área, sem embargo da possibilidade de outros livros complementares, pois o tema não se esgota por aqui. A liberdade de expressão foi respeitada ao máximo, inclusive quanto ao vernáculo, pois as ortografias e termos regionais, quer do Brasil, quer de Portugal, ficaram ao critério dos autores, o que só engrandece a parceria e os estudos técnicos, pois induz os leitores a uma aprendizagem dos nossos lindos regionalismos linguísticos, sem qualquer prejuízo ao pleno entendimento dos conteúdos literários. É um livro inédito, de enorme valor técnico e que vem engrandecer a Engenharia dos países irmãos, não podendo faltar na biblioteca dos estudiosos do tema da Manutenção, e também aos peritos e juristas interessados na qualidade e segurança de nossas edificações e obras públicas. Cabe, finalmente, um agradecimento especial aos coordenadores do livro, engenheiros Tito Lívio Ferreira Gomide, Inês Flores-Colen e Stella Marys Della Flora pela dedicação e imenso esforço que possibilitou a realização desta marcante e relevante edição técnica.
- 3D Map and DGPS Validation for a Vineyard Autonomous Navigation SystemPublication . Contente, Olga; Aranha, José; Martinho, José; Morgado, José Francisco; Reis, Manuel; Fereira, Paulo; Morais, Raul; Lau, NunoAn autonomous DGPS navigation system must use an accurate threedimensional (3D) digital map. However, it is crucial to validate it using data collected in the field. One possible way to validate the map is to employ a vehicle driven by an expert to ensure that the trajectory is plotted within the boundaries of navigation paths. It is essential to take this care, especially when the terrain is very highly uneven and small differences in position may correspond to large vertical deviations. A small navigation error can result in a serious fall, which may damage or even destroy the vehicle. In the Douro Demarcated Region, in northern Portugal, the vineyard is planted on narrow terraces built on steep hills along the winding Douro River. This paper presents the results of a dynamic trajectory survey obtained from a real navigation procedure, carried out by an expert driving an instrumented tractor during the spraying of the vineyard. The results were obtained using a DGPS (accuracy = 2 cm) and compared to an existing Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the vineyard already created by the authors’ work group, with an average accuracy of 10 cm. The results are shown in a C# developed interface with OpenGL facilities, which enable the viewing of the 3D vineyard details. The results confirm the validation of the methodology previously adopted for map extraction and respective equipment selection. The trajectory of the tractor, including some maneuvers, is drawn within the inner and outer edges of each terrace or path that exists in the vineyard. The interface can also be used as an important tool in path planning to automatically extract the topology of the vineyard and to select the best path to carry out some vineyard tasks.