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- Motivation and involvement in international tourismPublication . Seabra, Cláudia; Vicente, Margarida; Silva, Carla; Abrantes, José LuísUsing a sample of international tourists travelling in Portugal, Spain and Italy, this study identifies key issues related with tourist involvement. One of the main aspects in the consumer behavior and the decision processes’ understanding is the concept of involvement (Broderick & Mueller, 1999; Dimanche et al., 1993) because it influences the decision rules used by tourists to reach the final decision (Sirakaya & Woodside, 2005). An empirical study of 600 international tourists reveals that motivation to relax influences tourists’ involvement with the trip. A structural model reveals that when tourists are motivated to relax they get directly more involved with their trip (pleasure and information seeking). The motivation to relax also influences indirectly the tourist involvement with the evaluation and quality perception of the trip through its influence on involvement with the trip planning. Discussion centers on the implications of this model to theory and managerial development of tourism and services strategies. Directions for future research are also presented.
- The influence of motivations in tourists’ involvementPublication . Seabra, Cláudia; Silva, Carla; Abrantes, José Luís; Vicente, Margarida; Herstein, RamOne of the main aspects in the consumer behaviour is the concept of involvement because it influences the decision rules used by tourists to reach the final decision. An empirical study of 600 international tourists reveals that motivation to relax, influences tourists’ involvement with the trip. A structural model shows that when tourists are motivated to relax they get directly more involved with their trip (pleasure and information seeking). The motivation to relax also influences indirectly the tourist involvement with the evaluation and quality perception of the trip through its influence on involvement with the trip planning. Discussion centres on the implications of this model to theory and management specifically to the development of tourism and services strategies.
- Wine routes: Development of wine regions and local communitiesPublication . Lopes, André; Seabra, Cláudia; Silva, Carla; Abrantes, José LuísWine tourism an emerging tourism product, has an increasingly important role in the wine regions’ development and promotion (Bras, 2010). Wine tourism was born from the union of two completely different industries (Hjalager & Richards, 2002): wine industry which is typically oriented to the product and for the wine production and tourism which works to accommodate the tourist. Each wine-growing region has been developing various forms of wine tourism, through wine fairs and festivals, the constitution of wine museums and enoteca / interpretation centers, visits to wineries and cellars, visits to vineyards and farms, wine tastings, wine-growing spas, wine-growing villages and wine routes (Costa, 2014). Wine routes are privileged instruments for the organization and dissemination of wine tourism (Correia, 2005), were created in Europe from the post-war period (Hall & Mitchell, 2000) and comprise one or more signaled pathways that run through a wine region (Brás, Costa, & Buhalis, 2010). Wine routes can help redesign the economies of rural areas (Scherrer, Alonso, & Sheridan, 2009), are an important tourist product in the world (Correia, Passos Ascenção, & Charters, 2004). The National Tourism Strategic Plan (2012), have on the analysis of the great trends of international demand, identified the gastronomy and the wine as one of the ten strategic products for the development of the national tourism (MEE, 2012). The cultivation of vines and the consumption of wine in Portugal are older than their own nationality (Hall & Mitchell, 2000). Wine consumption is associated with relaxation, social interaction and hospitality (Barber, Taylor & Deale, 2010). Portugal is one of the largest wine producers in the world (IVV, 2014). Wine production is one of the activities that have contributed most to the development of the economy (Guedes, 2006). The wine routes are one of the most visible aspects of the practice of wine tourism in Portugal (Simões, 2008). They were created by the initiative of wine producers in 1993 to increase the promotion and sale of their products and to develop the tourism potential of the different wine-growing regions in several areas, such as: culture, history, traditions, built heritage and landscape (Costa & Kastenholz, 2009). Wine routes are nowadays considered as a tourism product with great potential for the development of tourist destinations (Jurincic & Bojnec, 2009). This work aims at analyzing wine routes as a means of developing wine-growing regions, economically, socially and environmentally, and as an opportunity to promote positive images of wine-growing regions, using as a methodological support a literature review. It is also intended to propose an empirical study of the two aspects of wine routes in Portugal: (i) supply, in particular the characteristics and conditions of the routes; and (ii) search, specifically the profile of the wine tourist, his motivations, image of the wine tourism destinations and their degree of satisfaction.
- Holistic tourism: Motivations, self-image and satisfactionPublication . Rocha, Gabriel; Seabra, Cláudia; Silva, Carla; Abrantes, José LuísHolistic tourism has become a new and alternative form of tourism and an important trend among tourists who seek programs and experiences that would allow them to achieve balance between mind, body and soul. Choosing holistic tourism means that a tourist can enjoy a different and full experience which goes beyond the simple contact with cultures, people, places or landscapes. It focuses on self-transformation and on an attempt of people understanding more about themselves. It is crucial we understand each person´s view about this new type of tourism since this perspective will surely bring potential new investors to this product. Knowing what every tourist values, feels and needs- in terms of personal fulfillment- can turn this new type of tourism into a competitive one. This study includes an empirical research conducted through questionnaires to 300 holistic tourists in four different Portuguese destinations: Azores, Gerês, Lisbon and Algarve. The results allowed a better understanding of the holistic tourists’ characteristics, their main motivations, self-image perception and satisfaction levels while taking part in holistic tourism.
- Tourists of natural areas: Place-attachment and involvementPublication . Seabra, Cláudia; Silva, Carla; Abrantes, José Luís; Vicente, MargaridaTourism studies have experienced significant advances through the intersection of theories developed in several disciplines: Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, Geography, Marketing, among others. This interconnection is visible in two concepts that have received increasing attention from researchers as they measure how tourists relate themselves with tourism products and with the destinations visited: Involvement from Marketing and Place Attachment from Environmental Psychology and Geography. The study presented here intends to contribute to a more depth study of the relationship between those two constructs, specifically in the natural areas’ context. The main objective is to create a scale to measure involvement of tourists with destinations both as products (involvement) and as places (place‐attachment). Insights from an empirical study of 615 natural areas’ tourists indicate that this multi‐ dimensional scale incorporates constructs from involvement and place‐attachment. Discussion centers on the implications of this scale for theory development and management decisions. Tourism firms may better understand the involvement of tourists with the buying decisions and also how they connect with the destinations they visit. Also, managers can understand the impact of these two types of linkages can have on tourists’ decision making, namely in what regards to natural areas. Directions for future research are also presented.
- Enoturismo e as rotas de vinho no Centro de Portugal:um estudo da oferta turísticaPublication . Lopes, André; Seabra, Cláudia; Paiva, Odete; Pereira, Andreia; Silva, Carla; Abrantes, José LuísA cultura do vinho faz parte da história cultural e social de um território, sendo um elemento fundamental da identidade portuguesa. O cultivo da vinha e o consumo de vinho em Portugal são mais antigos do que a sua própria nacionalidade (Hall & Mitchell, 2000). A Estratégia para o Turismo português (2017) identifica a gastronomia e o vinho como um dos ativos estratégicos qualificadores para o desenvolvimento do turismo nacional. De facto, o enoturismo é um produto turístico emergente e tem um papel cada vez mais importante no desenvolvimento e na promoção das regiões vitivinícolas (Brás, 2010) e tem contribuído para a construção de uma forte imagem de marca para os destinos do vinho intensificando a competição entre eles (Thanh & Kirova, 2018). Este produto tem um potencial de crescimento assinalável. A indústria do turismo espera que o número de enoturistas cresça para quatro milhões até 2020 (Atout France, 2015). Em Portugal este é, igualmente, um mercado em crescimento. Em 2016, calcula-se que existiram um total de 2,2 milhões de enoturistas de acordo com a Associação das Rotas do Vinho de Portugal (Viajar, 2017). O enoturismo, como parte integrante do setor da Gastronomia e dos Vinhos, caracteriza-se por compreender um conjunto significativo de atividades que proporcionam o contacto dos turistas com a cultura da vinha e do vinho, como sejam: atividades vitivinícolas, produtos do vinho e património paisagístico e arquitetónico. As rotas de vinho são, atualmente, um dos instrumentos privilegiados de organização e de divulgação do enoturismo (Correia, 2005) e em alguns destinos são as principais atrações turísticas (Getz, 2000; Hall & Mitchell, 2004). O enoturismo, produto turístico emergente, tem um papel cada vez mais importante no desenvolvimento e promoção das regiões vitivinícolas (Brás, 2010). As rotas de vinhos são instrumentos privilegiados de organização e divulgação do enoturismo (Correia, 2005), podendo ajudar a redesenhar as economias das zonas rurais (Scherrer, Alonso, & Sheridan, 2009). Compreende duas indústrias completamente distintas: i) a indústria do vinho, que se encontra tipicamente orientada para o produto e para a sua produção; e ii) o turismo, que trabalha em função do turista (Carlsen & Charters, 2004). As rotas de vinho, criadas em Portugal pela iniciativa dos produtores de vinho, no ano de 1993, têm como objetivo fundamental aumentar a promoção e a venda dos seus produtos e desenvolver o potencial turístico das diferentes regiões vitivinícolas, em diversas áreas, tais como na cultura, história, tradições e património construído e paisagístico (Costa & Kastenholz, 2009). O Centro de Portugal apresenta um enorme potencial na área do enoturismo, especialmente pela presença de rotas de vinhos. De facto, esta região tem três das 13 rotas de vinho nacionais: Rota do Vinho do Dão (Viseu), Rota do Vinho da Bairrada (Anadia) e Rota da Vinha da Beira Interior (Guarda). Este capítulo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise àquelas Rotas de Vinho como meio de desenvolvimento das regiões vitivinícolas ao nível económico, social e ambiental e, também, como uma oportunidade para promover as imagens positivas das regiões vitivinícolas.