Percorrer por autor "Costa, Cristina Amaro Da"
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- Agricultura familiar e proteção das culturas: abordagens tradicionais e proximidade com práticas de agricultura biológicaPublication . Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Guiné, Raquel; Esteves Correia, Helena; Costa, Daniela; Costa, Telmo; Parente, Cristina; Pais, Celso; Gomes, Mafalda; Aguiar, AnaDesde há quase um século, a proteção das culturas em explorações agrícolas familiares, tem vindo a juntar às práticas tradicionais, meios de proteção curativos para combater pragas, doenças e infestantes, em particular recorrendo ao uso de pesticidas. Estes agricultores assumem grande relevância territorial, económica e social em Portugal e a sociedade procura os seus produtos, em mercados e feiras locais, por entender que estão associados a práticas agrícolas com menores impactos na saúde e no ambiente e se aproximam do modo de produção biológico. Assim, procura-se identificar as práticas agrícolas da agricultura familiar, na componente de proteção das culturas, que podem ter impactos negativos no ambiente e na saúde humana e que se distanciam da agricultura biológica. A partir de um questionário (cheklist), aplicado a 125 agricultores familiares com explorações situadas em Portugal (Viseu, Braga e Barcelos) e Espanha (Pontevedra e Padron), identificaram-se as práticas agrícolas relacionadas com a proteção das culturas. Identificaram-se algumas práticas comuns com a agricultura biológica: diversidade cultural, consociações, rotação de culturas, seleção de variedades resistentes. Outras, como o pousio, intervenções em verde ou luta biotécnica, são utilizadas apenas por alguns agricultores familiares. Por outro lado, a luta química é utilizada pela maioria dos agricultores familiares.
- An Insight into the Level of Information about Sustainability of Edible Insects in a Traditionally Non-Insect-Eating Country: Exploratory StudyPublication . Guiné, Raquel P. F.; Florença, Sofia De Guiné E; Anjos, O.; Correia, Paula; Ferreira, Bruno; Costa, Cristina Amaro DaInsects have been reported as a possible alternative solution to help feed the growing world pop-ulation with less stress on the planet, thus contributing to the preservation of the environment and natural ecosystems. However, the consumption of edible insects (EIs), although culturally ac-cepted for some communities, is not readily accepted for others. Hence this work explores the lev-el of information that people in a traditionally non-insect-eating country have about the sustaina-bility issues related with EIs, and also some possible reasons that could motivate their consump-tion. The study was based on a questionnaire survey and the results were explored by descriptive statistic tools, tree classification analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the level of information is still low in general, with most people not manifesting an opinion. However, some aspects are relatively familiar to the participants (88.9% know that the ecological footprint of insects is smaller than other meats and 86.9% know that they efficiently convert or-ganic matter into protein). Factor and cluster analysis showed three classes: cluster 1—people not informed about the facts disclosed through the true statements and also not able to distinguish the false information; cluster 2—people not informed about the facts disclosed through the true statements but who were able to distinguish the false information; and cluster 3—people well in-formed about the facts disclosed through the true statements but who were marginally unable to distinguish the false information. It was also found that education, sex and professional area are the most relevant sociodemographic factors associated with the level of information, and the highest motivations to consume EIs are their contribution to preserve the environment and natu-ral resources followed by being a more sustainable option (for 64.7% and 53.4% of participants, respectively). Hence it was concluded that, although some work still needs to be done to better inform people about EIs, there is already some conscientiousness that they constitute a good and more sustainable alternative to other types of meat.
- An Insight into the Level of Information about Sustainability of Edible Insects in a Traditionally Non-Insect-Eating Country: Exploratory StudyPublication . Guiné, Raquel; Florença, Sofia; Anjos, Ofélia; Correia, Paula; Ferreira, Bruno; Costa, Cristina Amaro DaInsects have been reported as a possible alternative solution to help feed the growing world pop-ulation with less stress on the planet, thus contributing to the preservation of the environment and natural ecosystems. However, the consumption of edible insects (EIs), although culturally ac-cepted for some communities, is not readily accepted for others. Hence this work explores the lev-el of information that people in a traditionally non-insect-eating country have about the sustaina-bility issues related with EIs, and also some possible reasons that could motivate their consump-tion. The study was based on a questionnaire survey and the results were explored by descriptive statistic tools, tree classification analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the level of information is still low in general, with most people not manifesting an opinion. However, some aspects are relatively familiar to the participants (88.9% know that the ecological footprint of insects is smaller than other meats and 86.9% know that they efficiently convert or-ganic matter into protein). Factor and cluster analysis showed three classes: cluster 1—people not informed about the facts disclosed through the true statements and also not able to distinguish the false information; cluster 2—people not informed about the facts disclosed through the true statements but who were able to distinguish the false information; and cluster 3—people well in-formed about the facts disclosed through the true statements but who were marginally unable to distinguish the false information. It was also found that education, sex and professional area are the most relevant sociodemographic factors associated with the level of information, and the highest motivations to consume EIs are their contribution to preserve the environment and natu-ral resources followed by being a more sustainable option (for 64.7% and 53.4% of participants, respectively). Hence it was concluded that, although some work still needs to be done to better inform people about EIs, there is already some conscientiousness that they constitute a good and more sustainable alternative to other types of meat.
- Are Consumers Aware of Sustainability Aspects Related to Edible Insects? Results from a Study Involving 14 CountriesPublication . Guiné, Raquel P. F.; Florença, Sofia De Guiné E; Anjos, Ofélia; Boustani, Nada M.; Chuck-Hernández, Cristina; Sarić, Marijana Matek; Ferreira, Manuela; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Bartkiene, Elena; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Tarcea, Monica; Correia, Paula; Campos, Sofia; Papageorgiou, Maria; Camino, Daniel Abarquero; Korzeniowska, Malgorzata; Černelič-Bizjak, Maša; Kruma, Zanda; Damarli, Emel; Ferreira, Vanessa; Djekic, IlijaIn recent years, edible insects have been suggested as an alternative food that is more sustainable compared with other sources of animal protein. However, knowledge about the sustainability aspects associated with this source of food may play a role in convincing consumers to adopt insects as part of their diet. In this context, the present study investigated the level of knowledge about the sustainability of edible insects in a group of people originating from 14 countries, with some naturally entomophagous and others not. To measure the knowledge, 11 items were selected and the scores obtained were tested with statistical tools (t-test for independent samples, analysis of variance—ANOVA) to search for differences according to sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, geographical origin, and consumption habits of edible insects. The obtained results showed that, in general, knowledge is moderate, with the values of the average scores for the 11 items investigated ranging from 0.23 ± 0.99 to 0.66 ± 1.02, on a scale ranging from –2 (=very low knowledge) to 2 (=very high knowledge). The highest scores were found for items relating to the lower use of animal feed and lower emission of greenhouse gases required for the production of insects compared with beef. When investigating the differences between groups of participants, significant differences were generally found, revealing a trend for higher knowledge among males and young adults, for participants residing in urban areas and in countries such as Spain, Mexico, and Poland, and for participants with higher education levels and higher incomes. When testing the influence of consumption variables on the level of knowledge, the results showed a higher knowledge for participants who had already consumed insects or are willing to consume them. Finally, it was observed that higher knowledge was found for participants whose motivation to consume insects related to curiosity, a wish to preserve the planet, the gastronomic characteristics of insects, and their nutritional value. In conclusion, these results clearly indicate a very marked influence of a number of variables on the knowledge about the sustainability of edible insects, and this may be helpful to delineate strategies to effectively raise knowledge and eventually increase the willingness to consider insects as a more sustainable alternative to partially replace other protein foods, even in countries where this is a not a traditional practice.
- Are Portuguese consumers ready to understand the risks from pesticide use?Publication . Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Fontes, Magda Aguiar; Santos, José ManuelUnderstanding consumer perceptions and attitudes towards the use of pesticides in agriculture and its risks is of utmost importance to redirect them towards food products produced in farming systems which use less or no pesticides. Based on data from a survey of 725 Portuguese urban consumers, three groups were identified: non buyers, occasional buyers, habitual buyers, considering their attitudes towards and knowledge of fruit and vegetables from integrated pest management. Knowledge about pesticides and certification systems affects preferences and should be considered as a key issue for market strategies and agricultural policies, and to ensure that consumers are able to define a healthy diet and to understand the influence of their food choices on the environment.
- Avaliação preliminar da diversidade e abundância de artrópodes num pomar de aveleirasPublication . Santos, António; Lopes, Arminda; Martins, Sérgio; Costa, Cristina Amaro DaA biodiversidade funcional é uma mais-valia para os sistemas agrícolas, em particular pelo papel que desempenha na promoção de vários serviços do ecossistema, designadamente a limitação natural dos inimigos das culturas. A biodiversidade de artrópodes associados à cultura da aveleira em Portugal, em particular no que se refere à fauna auxiliar, é pouco conhecida, resumindo-se a listagens das pragas mais relevantes. Neste sentido, com o objetivo de contribuir para a conservação e promoção da biodiversidade funcional, na cultura da aveleira, importa conhecer a diversidade e abundância de artrópodes deste agroecossistema. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no pomar de aveleiras da Estação Agrária de Viseu, conduzido em modo de produção biológico. Procedeu-se à recolha de artrópodes, quinzenalmente, entre maio e agosto de 2018, através da técnica das pancadas, após o que foram triados em laboratório e separados por ordens, morfotipos e tipos funcionais (predadores, parasitóides, fitófagos, detritívoros e indiferentes). Capturaram-se 1557 artrópodes pertencentes a 9 ordens da classe Insecta (88% dos exemplares) e à classe Arachnida (ordem: Araneae). Relativamente à classe Insecta, as ordens mais abundantes foram: Hemiptera – subordem Heteroptera, (Anthocoridae e Miridae), Coleoptera (maior número de morfotipos, em particular da família Coccinelidae) e, ainda, Hymenoptera, Dermaptera e Neuroptera.
- Bridges between family farming and organic farming: a study case of the Iberian PeninsulaPublication . Guiné, Raquel; Gaião, Davide; Costa, Daniela; Correia, Paula; Guerra, Luis T.; Esteves Correia, Helena; Costa, Cristina Amaro DaThe aim of this work was to identify procedures adopted by family farms in the centre and north of Portu- gal and Galicia (Spain), and to verify whether they resem- ble those used in organic farming. A checklist was pre- pared in Portuguese and Spanish and applied personally to managers of family farms. The participation was volun- tary and 125 valid responses were collected. The results show that farmers included in the study owned small family farms where labour is mainly per- formed by the family, and tended to adopt, in general, good agricultural practices, many of which are common to organic farming, such as crop rotation, avoidance of GMO or avoidance of phytoregulators. However, they failed to adopt some important practices, including the use of seeds inoculated with mycorrhizae, composting, biological and biotechnical control or avoidance of chemical control for plant protection. It was further concluded that gender and age of the farmers did not significantly influence the type of agricultural practices, contrarily to the level of educa- tion and region, which were significantly associated with many of the cultural interventions investigated.
- Building Bio-Districts or Eco-Regions: Participative Processes Supported by Focal GroupsPublication . Dias, Raquel S.; Costa, Daniela; Esteves Correia, Helena; Costa, Cristina Amaro DaOver the years, rural areas have faced a number of problems and difficulties, such as an increase in the average age of the population, desertification, loss of employment and the abandon‐ ment of rural and agricultural activities, which have led to the emergence of new initiatives aimed at revitalizing these territories from a social, economic and environmental perspective, such as the successful Bio‐districts or Eco‐regions (e.g., Bio‐district of Cilento). Understanding and establishing a proper framework for each territory based on agroecology and participatory methodologies is still a challenge. In this sense, based on the analysis of two European examples—Cilento, Italy and São Pedro do Sul, Portugal—we described each of the building processes and defined a set of drivers that might constitute guiding principles to serve as a basis for the creation of Bio‐districts or Eco‐ regions. The drivers’ matrix identified was discussed in three focus groups carried out in Portugal in 2020. Such drivers included a technical and environmental component (the quality of the envi‐ ronment and landscape, the food system and the implementation of organic farming and agroeco‐ logical practices), a social and economic component (valorization of the farmers, products and ter‐ ritories and a set of different stakeholders—farmers, consumers, schools, tourism entities and res‐ taurants, local authorities) and a political component (the governance model). Most participants agreed that the recognition of a Bio‐district or Eco‐region should be informal, bottom‐up, with farm‐ ers as the main pillar, with a fair and representative participation, namely family farmers.
- Caracterização da Pêra Passa de ViseuPublication . Ferreira Wessel, Dulcineia; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Correia, Paula; Guiné, RaquelA pêra passa de Viseu surge como um produto agrícola regional, que resulta de um processo tecnológico artesanal e que reúne características organolépticas ímpares. A produção de pêra passa de Viseu tem decrescido acentuadamente nos últimos anos, provavelmente devido aos elevados custos de produção, à deficiente promoção do produto e ao desconhecimento das suas qualidades. No sentido de proteger e valorizar a qualidade deste produto agro-alimentar tradicional da Beira Alta iniciou-se um trabalho que tem por objectivo caracterizar em termos da produção, tecnologia e propriedades físico-químicas a pêra passa de Viseu. Neste contexto, vão ser apresentados, numa primeira fase, dados sobre a produção e caracterização química da pêra passa de Viseu.
- Caracterização da Pêra Passa de Viseu.Publication . Ferreira Wessel, Dulcineia; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Correia, Paula; Guiné, RaquelNão disponível