Browsing by Author "Fangueiro, D."
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- Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from slatted and solid floors in dairy cattle houses: A scale model studyPublication . Pereira, J.; Fangueiro, D.; Misselbrook, T.H.; Chadwick, D.R.; Coutinho, J.; Trindade, H.Dairy cattle are usually housed in naturally ventilated houses where removal of excreta is periodically performed. The aim of this controlled study was to compare the effect of two floor designs and three air temperatures (5, 15 and 25 C) on NH3, N2O, CH4 and CO2 emissions arising from cattle excreta deposition to the floor. Two scale models were built to simulate a level solid floor without urine drainage, and a slatted concrete floor. Following application of a mixture of urine and faeces, these two floor type models were subjected to a constant airflow rate (12.5 exchanges h 1 ) and gaseous emissions were measured over a 72-h period. Emissions of NH3, N2O, CO2 and CH4 increased significantly with air temperature with both floor type models and emissions of NH3, N2O and CO2 were significantly greater from the solid floor relative to the slatted floor at all temperatures considered. The cumulative NH3 (27e66% of total N applied) and CO2 (<19% of total C applied) emissions were greater from the solid floor than from the slatted floor (by 36% and 44%, respectively). The cumulative N2O (<0.1% of total N applied) and CH4 (<0.4% of total C applied) emissions were relatively low and CH4 values did not differ significantly between treatments. Cumulative greenhouse gas emissions (as CO2-equivalents) increased significantly with temperature but did not differ between the floor types.
- Comparação do potencial fertilizante de resíduos compostados de curtumesPublication . Pereira, j.; Perdigão, A.; Teixeira, D.; Marques, F.; Pinto, A.; Rodrigues, P.; Fangueiro, D.; Trindade, H.A indústria de curtumes produz elevadas quantidades de resíduos, ricos em nutrientes, que podem, após compostagem, ser utilizados como fertilizantes orgânicos. O objectivo deste trabalho foi comparar o potencial fertilizante de resíduos compostados provenientes da indústria de curtumes.
- Efeitos agronómicos resultantes da utilização de diferentes técnicas de aplicação de chorume ao soloPublication . Carneiro, J.; Soares, D.; Monteiro, J.; Surgy, S.; Pereira, J.; Coutinho, J.; Trindade, H.; Fangueiro, D.
- Effect of cattle slurry pre-treatment by separation and addition of nitrification inhibitors on gaseous emissions and N dynamics: A laboratory studyPublication . Pereira, J.; Fangueiro, D.; Chadwick, D.R.; Misselbrook, T.H.; Coutinho, J.; Trindade, H.The application of untreated or treated animal manure to soils can result in increased N and C gaseous emissions contributing to ecosystem change and global warming. In the present study, dairy cattle slurry (liquid manure) was subjected first to pre-treatment by separation using a screw press to obtain a liquid (LF) and a solid fraction (SF). Then, the different fractions and the whole slurry (WS) were combined with two nitrification inhibitors (NI), dicyandiamide (DCD) or 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), were applied to soil to assess the effect of slurry treatment by separation and NI addition on soil N dynamics and CH4, CO2, NH3, NO and N2O emissions. The WS and the two slurry fractions, combined or not with DCD or DMPP, were applied to soil at an equivalent field dosage of 120 kg total N haÿ1 . Controls including a soil only, soil–DCD and soil–DMPP treatments were also included. The mixtures were incubated for 93-d at 20 °C. Results obtained show that NI inhibited nitrification between 16 and 30-d in WS and LF, with DMPP having a longer effect over time compared to DCD. There was no significant effect of NI on nitrification for the SF treatment. Nitrification inhibitors did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) the CH4, CO2 and N2O emissions, but significantly decreased (P < 0.05) NO emissions. Furthermore, the two NIs had a similar effect on gaseous emissions. Throughout the entire experiment, the greatest amount of NO was released from the LF treatment (without NI), while the greatest amount of N2O was released from the SF treatment. Slurry separation had no impact on N emissions, while the combination of this process with one of the two NI led to a small reduction in total N emissions.
- Effect of dairy effluents pre-treatment on N2O emissions and N-organic degradation after soil applicationPublication . Fangueiro, D.; Pereira, J.; Coutinho, J.; Moreira, N.; Trindade, H.Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas that plays a key role in climatic forcing contributing to the greenhouse effect by about 4 %, and also contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion. Cattle slurries are commonly applied to agricultural soils, inducing an increase of soil nitrous oxide emissions. Therefore, many procedures were developed for slurry pre-treatment in order to improve soil slurry application and reduce nitrogen losses, namely N2O emissions. The aim of this work was to compare N2O emissions and the kinetic of N organic degradation from treated and untreated cattle-slurry after its incorporation in agricultural soils.
- Effects of cattle-slurry treatment by acidification and separation on nitrogen dynamics and global warming potential after surface application to an acidic soilPublication . Fangueiro, D.; Pereira, J.; Bichana, A.; Surgy, S.; Cabral, F.; Coutinho, J.Cattle-slurry (liquid manure) application to soil is a common practice to provide nutrients and organic matter for crop growth but it also strongly impacts the environment. The objective of the present study was to assess the efficiency of cattle-slurry treatment by solideliquid separation and/or acidification on nitrogen dynamics and global warming potential (GWP) following application to an acidic soil. An aerobic laboratory incubation was performed over 92 days with a Dystric Cambisol amended with raw cattle-slurry or separated liquid fraction (LF) treated or not by acidification to pH 5.5 by addition of sulphuric acid. Soil mineral N contents and NH3, N2O, CH4 and CO2 emissions were measured. Results obtained suggest that the acidification of raw cattle-slurry reduced significantly NH3 emissions ( 88%) but also the GWP ( 28%) while increased the N availability relative to raw cattle-slurry (15% of organic N applied mineralised against negative mineralisation in raw slurry). However, similar NH3 emissions and GWP were observed in acidified LF and non-acidified LF treatments. On the other hand, soil application of acidified cattle-slurry rather than non-acidified LF should be preferred attending the lower costs associated to acidification compared to solideliquid separation. It can then be concluded that cattle-slurry acidification is a solution to minimise NH3 emissions from amended soil and an efficient strategy to decrease the GWP associated with slurry application to soil. Furthermore, the more intense N mineralisation observed with acidified slurry should lead to a higher amount of plant available N and consequently to higher crop yields.
- Impact of cattle slurry treatment by separation and acidification on gaseous emissions after soil applicationPublication . Fangueiro, D.; Pereira, J.; Bichana, A.; Surgy, S.; Cabral, F.; Coutinho, J.Objectives: Cattle-slurry management became a priority in many livestock farms and slurry treatment is used to increase the fertilizer value of slurry and/or minimize its environmental impact. Indeed, significant emissions of ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gases (GHG) as nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) can occur during and after slurry application to soil. Application of acidified slurry or liquid fraction (LF) obtained by solid-liquid separation are two alternatives to raw slurry application that have proven to be efficient to minimize ammonia emissions. However, few is known about its effect on GHG emissions. The aim of the present work was to assess the efficiency of cattle slurry treatment by acidification and/or solid liquid separation to mitigate ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions following surface application to a sandy loam soil.
- Influence of cattle slurry treatment by separation and nitrification inhibitors addition on N dynamics and N2O emissions after soil applicationPublication . Pereira, J.; Fangueiro, D.; Chadwick, D.R.; Misselbrook, T.H.; Coutinho, J.; Trindade, H.Application of cattle slurry to agricultural soils results in increased nitrogen losses to air and water due to nitrification and denitrification processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition to soil of different fractions of cattle slurry combined with two nitrification inhibitors (NI), dicyandiamide (DCD) or 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on soil N dynamics and N2O emissions.
- Laboratory assessment of the effect of cattle slurry pre-treatment on organic N degradation after soil application and N2O and N2 emissionsPublication . Fangueiro, D.; Pereira, J.; Chadwick, D.; Coutinho, J.; Moreira, N.; Trindade, H.Slurry separation using mechanical and chemical methods is one of the options considered to solve problems of slurry management at the farm scale. The fractions obtained with such treatments have distinct compositions, which allow different options for their utilization (composting, direct application, and fertigation). In this study, four fractions of slurry were obtained using a combined treatment system including slurry treatment with a screw press separator (solid and liquid fractions) followed by sedimentation with the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM) (PAM-Supernatant and PAM-Sediment) to the LF. These fractions were then incorporated into arable soil under controlled laboratory conditions and the organic N degradation from each treatment was followed for 94 days. Total N emissions (N2O + N2 ) as well as the sources of the N emissions (nitrification or denitrification) were also studied during this period. Results showed that the slurry fractions (SFs) had distinct behavior relative to the whole slurry (WS), namely in terms of N degradation in soil, where N mineralization was observed only in the WS treatment whereas N immobilization occurred in the other treatments. In terms of N2O emissions, higher losses, expressed as a percentage of the total N added, occurred from the LF treatments (liquid, PAM-Supernatant and PAM-Sediment). This work indicates that the slurry treatment by mechanical and chemical separation may be a good option for slurry management at the farm scale since it allows greater utilization of the different fractions with a small effect on N2O emissions after SFs’ application to soil
- Nitric oxide and nitrous oxide emissions from cattle-slurry and mineral fertiliser treated with nitrification inhibitor to an agricultural soil: A laboratory approachPublication . Pereira, J.; Coutinho, J.; Fangueiro, D.; Trindade, H.The application of organic and mineral fertilisers to soil can result in increased gaseous emissions to the atmosphere such as nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases. The aim of this study was to evaluate under laboratory conditions the effects on mineral N dynamics and NO and N2O emissions of application to soil of cattle slurry derived liquid fraction (LF) obtained by screw press and mineral fertiliser (MF), both treated with or without the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP). An aerobic laboratory incubation was performed over 93 days with a Dystric Cambisol amended with mechanically separated LF or mineral fertiliser ammonium sulphate only or combined with DMPP. Two additional treatments were included: soil only and soil amended with DMPP. Nitrogen immobilisation was the dominant process with MF amendment, whereas N mineralisation has been observed with LF. The application of LF reduced significantly NO emissions by 80% relative to mineral but no differences were observed with N2O emissions. The addition of DMPP to MF induced a decrease of 18 and 29% in NO and N2O emissions whereas DMPP combined with LF reduced (numerically but not statistically) these emissions in 20 and 10%, respectively. Results obtained in our study suggest that N (NO + N2O) losses can be mitigated by adding DMPP to mineral fertilisers or replacing mineral fertiliser by LF.