Browsing by Author "Mesquita, J."
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- Apoptosis as a prognostic marker in prediction of renal injury, after acute bleeding and volume replacement with HES 130/0.4 or Ringer solution, in a pig modelPublication . Cruz, R.; Vala, Helena; Machado, A.; Venâncio, C.; Mesquita, J.; Silva, A.; Ortiz, A. L.; Ferreira, D.Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify and quantify apoptosis in renal tissue, using a biochemical marker (TUNEL) in a pig haemorrhagic model, after intravascular volume replacement with Ringer's lactate RL) or Hydroxyethylstarch (HES) 130/0.4) solutions. Methods: 18 Large White pigs underwent total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and remifentanil. 25 ml/kg of arterial blood were removed from the femoral artery. Volume was replaced, RL, in group1 (n=6) and HES 130/0.4, in group2 (n=6), 20 min after bleeding. The control group did not face bleeding and volume reposition. One hour after volume replacement, pigs were euthanized with intravenous KCl, and renal tissue samples were taken for several studies, including immunohistochemically with in situ TUNEL method for apoptosis detection. ANOVA was used to compare data between groups. Results: In all groups apoptosis was, as expected, mainly detected in epithelial tubular cells of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, in the loop of Henle and in the epithelium of collecting tubules, however the number of apoptotic cells per mm2 was lower in group 1 (35.68 apoptotic cells/mm2), when compared with group 2 (67.94 apoptotic cells/mm2) and the control group (146.34 apoptotic cells/mm2). The level of apoptosis was significantly higher in Ringer Lactate group, comparing with controls group, for the epithelial tubular cells (P<0.05). Conclusion: The median apoptotic levels were significantly lower in pigs, subjected to fluid replacement with RL, when compared with HES 130/0.4. Ringer lactate might promote better renal perfusion in the presence of severe hypovolaemia following acute haemorrhage.
- A case of intense and multiple parasitic infestation in a wild pigeon (Columbia livia).Publication . Coelho, C.; Nóbrega, C.; Santos, C.; Cruz, R.; Mesquita, J.; Oliveira, A. L.; Mega, A. C.; Esteves, F.; Vala, HelenaIntroduction The prevalence of parasitic diseases in poultry seems to have significantly reduced due not only to the intensive production system but also to the improving conditions of hygiene and management practiced. However, parasitic diseases continue to have great importance in traditional production systems and production systems in the outdoors, contributing significantly to productivity decline of these farms. The pigeon (Columbia livia), a specie produced with outdoors access is more susceptible to infestations. The growing population of wild pigeons in urban areas can be decisive in the infestation of domestic pigeons, since they share the same places and their sanitary control is more difficult. Objectives The aim of this work is to describe a case of a pigeon (Columbia livia) with an intense parasitic infestation, this being the cause of death, with common parasitic species and other less frequent. Material and Methods A cadaver of a pigeon was submitted to the necropsy of Anatomic Pathology Laboratory of the Agrarian Superior School of Viseu, a detailed post mortem examination was carried out and samples were taken. All samples were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, for a maximum of 48 hours and processed following the routine histopathological technique. Results Gross examination lesions revealed rounded red lesions in the proventriculus serosa and lung congestion. Microscopic examination confirmed severe lung congestion, with hemosiderosis and the presence of numerous nematodes in cross section, discussing the hypothesis that it might be a case of Cyathostoma bronchialis (Muehlig 1884), taking into account the location or, less likely, an erratic parasite in histotropic migration phase. Eggs observed at this location had thick shell, oval shape, some were embryonated and 35-40 μm in length by 20-25 μm in width. In the lumen of the proventriculus glands, nematodes in cross section were also observed, noting numerous barrel-shaped eggs, embryonated larvae, oval poles and 55 mm in length by 25 mm in width, apparently compatible with parasites of the genus Tetrameres. Conclusion The high parasitic infestation of the wild pigeon specimen subjected to necropsy, with several, common and uncommon, species of parasites, the severity of lesions, leading to death of the animal, as well as the fact that infected wild birds favoring the spread of the parasite to the domestic pigeons and other poultry production, consisting of a major concern for producers, justifies the study of isolated cases, even constituting an epidemiological alert for the regions where they appear.
- Causas de rejeição hepática de bovinos e suas implicações económicasPublication . Marques, V.; Vala, Helena; Monteiro, L.; Mesquita, J.
- Citologias por aspiração, provenientes de nódulo na narina esquerda (sem envolvimento ósseo), de um canídeo da raça Labrador RetrieverPublication . Vala, Helena; Mesquita, J.; Esteves, F.; Domingues, A. P. C.; Cruz, R.; Santos, C.; Mega, A.O exame histopatológico permite o diagnóstico definitivo, com classificação definitiva e exata, numa percentagem elevada de casos, contudo o exame citológico por ser menos oneroso e rápido é muito adotado na prática clínica diária nos Centros de Atendimento Médico Veterinários, estando descrito como mais indicado em neoplasias sólidas, de origem epitelial, com estroma escasso, linfadenopatias e menos nas neoplasias mesenquimatosas, com estroma abundante, menos propícias à aspiração. Os autores pretendem apresentar o exame microscópico de três preparações citológicas, coradas com Diff-Quik, com o objetivo de fomentar a discussão e determinar o seu diagnóstico definitivo.
- Cuidados de enfermagem em timpanismoPublication . Oliveira, J.; Oliveira, J.; Rego, A.; Valente, A.; Nascimento, R.; Vala, Helena; Mesquita, J.; Nóbrega, C.O timpanismo ruminal designa-se pela acumulação excessiva de gases e por vezes fluidos no retículo-rúmen, incapazes de serem eliminados pelo organismo, o que resulta no aumento anormal do abdómen (Radostits et al, 2007). Afecta ruminantes e é uma situação que pode desenvolver-se rapidamente e pôr em risco a vida do animal (Streeter, 2009). Este estudo sintetiza a etiologia, o diagnóstico, o tratamento e aconselhamento que é aplicável a esta patologia, procurando evidenciar o papel do enfermeiro veterinário em cada um dos parâmetros apresentados.
- Detection of apoptotic events, using different methods, in renal tissues after acute haemorrhagePublication . Vala, Helena; Cruz, R.; Venâncio, C.; Garcia, C.; Silva, A.; Mesquita, J.; Ortiz, A. L.; Ferreira, D.Introduction: Apoptosis plays an important role in cellular damage caused by acute renal hypoperfusion. The aim of this study was to detect apoptotic events in an animal model of acute haemorrhage, followed by volume replacement with different intravenous solutions. Materials and Methods: Renal samples were collected from animals submitted to passive arterial blood bleeding and reperfusion with a crystalloid (RL) (G1) and with a synthetic colloid (HES 130/0.4) (G2). All procedures were carried out under personal and project licenses approved by the Ethical Committee of the national regulatory office. Immunohistochemistry was performed, using cytochrome c antibody to detect mitochondrial activity and in situ TUNEL method to evaluate endonucleosomic cleavage of DNA by TdT. An immunofluorescence method, the M30 Cytodeath, was also used to detect early apoptotic events. Results: In all groups, apoptosis was detected in the epithelial tubular cells of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, in the loop of Henle and in the collecting tubules. However, the percentage of apoptotic cells and the intensity of reaction was significantly higher in G2. Conclusions: Apoptosis plays an important role in the cellular damage in renal tubules following acute haemorrhage and volume replacement. The type of solution used for volume replacement may influence the extent of renal damage resulting from this clinical situation. In the present study, the use of RL was related with decreased cytosolic cytochrome c and a lower apoptotic index in the tubular renal cells.
- Ear Mites: Tackling a Persistent ProblemPublication . Neves, A.; Mesquita, J.; Vala, Helena; Nóbrega, C.A several number of mites have been associated with ear problems, namely otitis externa (Scott et al., 2001). Fifty percent or more of all otitis, in cats, and 10%, in dogs, are thought to be caused by ear mites (Sotiraki et al., 2001; Mueller, 2008). Very common in pets, ear mites can be a serious problem. The most common mite is, undoubtedly, Otodectes cynotis, but there are some other mites that can also be found in the ear canal, includding Demodex canis, Demodex cati, Sarcoptes scabiei, Notoedres cati, among others (Cordero del Campillo et al., 1999; Blot et al., 2003; Engler, 2007). Frequently, ear mites can be the initiating factor of the otitis externa. The mechanical irritation, caused by their presence inside the ears, may lead to a higher activity of ceruminal glands and, consequently, the establishment of a favorable environment for secondary infections, caused by bacteria or fungi (August (1988) cited by Souza et al. (2008). These secondary infections and the animal’s individual response may perpetuate and induce the progression of the initial disease (Scott et al., 2001). It was established that the number of mites necessary to promote disease can be very low (only about two to three) triggering an Arthus-type and/or an immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction (Scott et al., 2001; Sotiraki et al., 2001; Angus, 2004). It has been reported that young animals tend to be more susceptible to ear mites than adult ones (Blot et al., 2003; Mueller, 2007; Mueller, 2008; Lefkaditis et al., 2009).
- Histological evaluation of the spleen after acute bleeding followed by blood replacement with two different physiologic solutionsPublication . Cabral, M.; Venâncio, C.; Ortiz, A. L.; Mesquita, J.; Nóbrega, C.; Silva, A.; Vala, Helena; Ferreira, D.Background: The spleen is important for many hematopoietic and immunological functions, namely hemodynamic compensation during hemorrhagic shock, with a crucial role in the compensation of hypovolaemia, on restoring blood volume in situations of acute haemorrhage. Also, the administration of physiological solutions is of great importance for the correction of circulating volume, avoiding the complications of hypovolaemia. Objectives: To evaluate spleen’s histopathological changes in pigs associated with volume replacement using two different physiologic solutions, after acute bleeding. Methods: 31 Large White pigs under general anaesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. A total of 25ml/kg of blood was passively removed during 20 minutes. Intravascular volume was replaced using Ringer Lactate 25 ml/kg (Group 1- thirteen pigs) and HES 130/0.4 20 ml/kg (Group 2- eleven pigs). Spleen samples were processed for routine hystologic evaluation. Congestion, inflammatory infiltrate, ellipsoids enlargement and follicular lymphoid hyperplasia were evaluated in a semi-quantitative score. Results: Follicular lymphoid hyperplasia was exacerbated in group 1 (84.6 %; grade III), when comparing with group 2 (36.4 %; grade III). The remaining lesions did not show differences between group 1 and group 2. Conclusion: Volume replacement with HES 130/0.4 may reduce follicular lymphoid hyperplasia when compared with volume replacement with Ringer Lactate.
- Histological evaluation of the spleen after acute bleeding followed by volume replacement with two different physiologic solutionsPublication . Cabral, M.; Ortiz, A.; Venâncio, C.; Mesquita, J.; Nóbrega, C.; Silva, A.; Vala, Helena; Ferreira, D.Spleen is important for many hematopoietic and immunological functions, namely in hemodynamic compensation during hemorrhagic shock, with a crucial role in restoring blood volume in situations of acute haemorrhage. Also, the administration of physiological solutions is of great importance for the correction of circulating volume, avoiding complications due to hypovolemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate spleen`s histopathological changes, associated with volume replacement using two different physiologic solutions (Hydroxyethyl Starch (HES) 130/0.4 and Ringer Lactate), after acute controlled bleeding, in a pig model.
- Histopathological assessment of renal lesions after volume replacement with HES 130/0.4 or Ringer solution, following acute bleedingPublication . Cruz, R.; Vala, Helena; Venâncio, C.; Mesquita, J.; Mega, A. C.; Silva, A.; Ortiz, A. L.; Ferreira, D.Background: Surgical blood loss can lead to ineffective tissue perfusion of vital organs, including the kidney. Physiologic solution chosen for blood volume replacement may be determinant for preserving renal integrity. Objectives: Study kidney histopathological changes in a hemorrhagic model, followed by intravascular volume replacement with Ringer's lactate or Hydroxyethylstarch 130/0.4 solutions. Methods: Thirty one pigs under general anaesthesia with propofol and remifentanil underwent haemorrhage at a volume of 25ml kg-1, over 20 minutes. After a waiting period, intravascular volume was replaced using HES 130/0.4 (group 1) and Ringer’s lactate (group 2). One hour after, pigs were euthanized and sixty two renal samples were taken for histopathological examination, using PAS staining. Renal damage was assessed for glomerular, tubulointerstitial and vascular lesions. Contingency tables for frequency analysis were used. Results: Mean arterial pressure values (MAP) reached 40 mmHg after bleeding, and recovered for values above 60 mmHg in both groups after volume replacement. Histopathological lesions observed in Group 2 were more frequent than those in Group 1. Conclusion: HES 130/0.4 may reduce the incidence of histopathological lesions secondary to renal hypoperfusion after severe bleeding when compared with Ringer Lactate. Results suggest that reestablishment of intravascular volume with HES 130/0.4 may preserve renal integrity secondary to blood loss.
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