ESSV - UECA - Artigo em revista científica, indexada ao WoS/Scopus
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- Nurses' perceptions of advance directivesPublication . Silva, Ernestina; Neves, Maria; Silva, DanielObjective: To identify nurses perceptions of Advance Directives (AD) and to analyse the in uence of experience with AD on their perception. Material and methods: Quantitative, descriptive, correlational study conducted in a hospital in central Portugal with a sample of 139 nurses, aged 20-60 and in which 78.4% are women and 74% are under 40 years of age. A questionnaire was applied on nurses’ perceptions of AD, their socio-demographic characteristics, and professional experiences with AD. Results: Nurses with 26-30 years of experience have a more critical position with regards to AD (P = .03). Approximately 95% of nurses have no experience of situations where they were given the opportunity for the patient to decide using the AD, nor did they experience situations where the patient has been informed of this right. Most nurses (72.7%) expressed their readiness to re ect with the patient to preparing the AD document and 45.3% would only do so, if the patient or the family requested it. Conclusion: Nurses have little experience with AD. They are available to respect the patient’s will but did not feel able to address the issue on their own initiative. Most agree that the AD can “fail” if the patient does not reevaluate it periodically. Reflection and debate on the ethical issues surrounding AD should be promoted: promoting patient autonomy, care in vulnerable situations, team decisions and conscientious objection.
- Vivência dos pais durante a hospitalização do recém-nascido prematuroPublication . Fernandes, Nelita Gonçalves Vieira; Silva, Ernestina Maria BatocaEnquadramento: Assiste-se ao aumento do nascimento de bebés prematuros e os pais são confrontados com várias dificuldades e constrangimentos, principalmente se o prematuro requer hospitalização. Objetivos: Identificar os sentimentos vivenciados pelos pais perante o nascimento antecipado de um filho; demonstrar a influência da hospitalização na adaptação à parentalidade. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, numa amostra não probabilística constituída por 12 pais que tiveram o filho internado em cuidados intensivos neonatais. Utilizámos a entrevista semiestruturada e efetuámos análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Emergiram sete categorias: Impacto do nascimento prematuro; Sentimentos/ emoções dos pais; Parentalidade face à hospitalização de um filho; Acontecimentos marcantes para os pais relacionados com o recém-nascido; Apoios recebidos pelos pais; Opinião dos pais face à hospitalização; Aspetos institucionais a melhorar. Conclusão: Acreditamos que os resultados nos ajudam a compreender as dificuldades e significados atribuídos à vivência dos pais, no sentido de se fortalecerem medidas de humanização dos processos de adaptação à doença e promoção da parentalidade, otimizando os cuidados de Enfermagem.
- Educational intervention for oral healthPublication . Bica, Isabel; Cunha, Madalena; Reis, Margarida; Costa, Patrícia; Costa, José; Albuquerque, CarlosIntroduction: Implementation and development of promotional and educational oral health programs, it is critical to identify and intervene on the risk factors for oral health in adolescents. Research Question: Does the oral health status of adolescents in particular DMFT index, plaque index, oral health risk and oral hygiene habits, suffer modification after participation in an educational program ProSorriso? Purpose of the Study: Implement a program of oral health education, to evaluate its effectiveness in improving the oral health of adolescents. Methods: Experimental analytical study-before and after the intervention program on the risk factors for oral health. A sample of 200 adolescents attending schools of Portugal, aged 11-16 years (x=13.21±1.014). Material: Risk Quantifiers in Oral Health assessed before and after participation in "ProSorriso" program. This aims at the promotion and education for oral health: oral health, diet and oral hygiene. Results: In the evaluation after the program ProSorriso: adolescents decreased the percentage of decayed teeth 50,5% to 38,5%;improved eating habits (Z=- 1,325,p=0,185); had higher percentage of teeth without plaque (Z=-5,465,p=0,000). There were more adolescents to brush their teeth twice a day (Z=-2,562,p=0,010). The assessment of risk classification showed that before the educational program ProSorriso had a higher percentage of adolescents who were at high risk of developing oral problems (p=0,001). Conclusion: The intervention "ProSorriso" shown to produce effect in changing behaviors that promote healthier life styles and to be determinant of oral health status.
- Educational training program on diabetes mellitus type 1 directed to teachersPublication . Bica, Isabel; Martins, Regina; Francisco, Gabriela; Albuquerque, Carlos; Costa, Patricia; Dias, António; Costa, JoséDiabetes does not have to be an obstacle for optimal integration of children in school and social life. For this, the health and education professionals play a key role. Currently, clinical advances in the treatment of diabetes complemented with a good practice of health education, carried out by health professionals, make possible a full integration in the educational system of the children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Analytical study quasi experimental - before and after educational training program, about the knowledge of teachers on children with type 1 diabetes mellitus without the control group. Sample of 69 teachers from public schools in central Portugal, aged between 25 and 60 years, mean 43 years old. Material: Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire of knowledge about the child with type 1 diabetes mellitus, applied before and after participation in the education program for health. The program consisted of theoretical and practical training on what is diabetes, treatment (diet, exercise and therapy), symptoms and complications, with demonstration and practice on the individual constituents of a healthy meal and insulin treatment. Care in an emergency situation. Results: Participants are mostly female (94.2%). Most reside in urban areas 85.1% and 14.9% in rural areas. The years of service in the profession ranged from 2 to 30 years with an average of 15.9 years of service (SD = 8.09). The service time with students with diabetes alternated between 0 and 15 years an average of 1.13 years of service with diabetic children (SD = 2.30). With regard to knowledge of teachers on children with type 1 diabetes at school there were highly significant statistical differences after the educational program in the dimensions: nutrition, exercise, complications (hyper and hipogligemia) and insulin treatment and control of glucose (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The results revealed that the educational training positively influenced teachers' knowledge about type 1 diabetes in children of school age. Through education, professionals can identify the problems and solve them through the search for knowledge and changes in attitudes. However, it is important to develop and implement the study on a larger sample.
- Emotional skills and promoting school success in the 3rd cycle : students perceptionPublication . Campos, Sofia; Ferreira, Manuela; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Duarte, João; Felizardo, Sara; Margarida Correia Balula Chaves, CláudiaAbstract The perceptions about the school play a central role in behavior, performance and learning outcomes. There is evidence that an improvement in emotional skills is associated with a higher school success. The aim of this paper is to establish the relationship between internalizing and externalizing behaviors, emotional skills and academic success of lower secondary education students. In order to promote students social and emotional skills, a pilot study in a School Grouping from the central region of Portugal was carried out. A diagnosis of disruptive behavior (ASEBA) was made and 6 children aged between 12 and 14 years old were identified and followed by 3 focus groups of students, parents, and teachers, respectively. Six students, mostly male, showing signs of externalizing behaviors and academic failure were identified. They didn’t like school and showed no learning motivation. The relationship between parents and teachers was conflictive. All parents had the utmost concern about academic success and teachers showed good practices but without success. This program is seen as a way to improve the educational agents’ action and to help them manage different environments and relationships. The results point out the importance of a systemic intervention program which aims are to improve the social and emotional competences and academic achievement.
- Pain assessment in surgical patients with impaired cognitionPublication . Martins, Conceição; Almeida, Vera; Duarte, João; Chaves, Cláudia; Campos, Sofia; Nelas, PaulaPain is considered the 5th vital sign and its measurement/assessment and records are required and must be systematic. Ineffective pain management involves complications in clinical status of patients, longer hospitalization times and higher costs with health. In the surgical patient with impaired cognition, hetero measurements should be made, based on behavioural and physiological indicators. We used to determine the efficacy and efficiency of the Observer Scale, the Abbey Pain Scale and Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD). Our study is an applied, non-experimental, quantitative, descriptive and analytical research. The data collection instrument consisted of patients’ sociodemographic and clinical data, the Observer Scale, the Abbey Pain Scale (Rodrigues, 2013) and PAINAD (Batalha et al., 2012). We assessed pain at an early phase and 45 minutes after an intervention for its relief. The sample is non-probabilistic for convenience, consisting of 76 surgical patients with impaired cognition, admitted to the surgery services of a central hospital, aged between 38 and 96 years. There was a positive correlation between the results of the three scales, most evident in the initial evaluation. Pain intensity in the same patient is higher when assessed with PAINAD (OM = 2.16) and lower when assessed with the Observer Scale (OM = 1.78). The most effective and efficient scale is PAINAD. Due to the small sample size, we suggest confirmatory studies so that the results can be generalized.
- Self-perception of parental competence in parents of pre-school childrenPublication . Aparício, Graça; Cunha, Madalena; Duarte, JoãoAbstract Background: The concept of self-perception of parental competence refers to how parents perceive their performance, beliefs and attitudes in their role as parents, the ability to address specific problems and find effective solutions. Objectives: To evaluate the self-perception of competence in parents of preschool children and the relationship with sociodemographic variables. Methods: Cross-sectional and observational study with 792 parents, women average age 34,15 (Dp=5,01), men 36,1 years old (Dp=5,34), living in Portugal. The analyse includes sociodemographic characterization and the Questionnaire d’Auto-Évaluation de la Compétence Éducative Parentale (QAECEP) (Terrisse & Trudelle, 1988) validated to the portuguese population by Aparício (2012). Results: The validation study of QAECEP indicated good internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha= 0.773). Self-perception of competence, and satisfaction is high in 51,1% of parents. The older parents see themselves as most competent and effective, with significant results for mothers (Chi-square=21,755; p= 0,010). Parents with higher level of education perceive themselves as more satisfied, motivated and competent, but only significant for the mothers (p=0,000). The high/medium familiar incomes influences significantly the perception of satisfaction, motivation and global parenting competence ( p=0,000). Feelings of low efficacy (p= 0,05) higher satisfaction (AR= 2,6) and global competence (p= 0,036) are significant in parents of younger children. Conclusions: Age, income and education level influences the self-perception of parental performance, so in health promotion activities is important to identify the parental feelings and increase their self-confidence in the defence of an positive parenting.
- Personal investment and functional independence in elderlyPublication . Campos, Sofia; Fermento, Cristiana; Martins, Rosa; Martins, Conceição; Andrade, AnaAbstract Background: - The investment in personal life made by elders to get the best quality of life as well as to keep their functional autonomy is a very important factor that contributes to a successful aging process. Objective – To identify the perception of the elders about their investment in personal life, to assess the level of functional autonomy and to analyze associations between social/demographic psychosocial and clinical variables and the personal investment and functional autonomy. Material and Method - A transversal, analytical and correlational study of quantitative nature and descriptive profile has been done, with a non-probabilistic sample, constituted by 103 elders. To measure the variables a questionnaire has been applied including a clinical, social and demographic characterisation, the Familiar Apgar Scale, the Barthel Index and the Personal Investment Scale. Results - Our sample presents high levels of functional autonomy (40,8%) and investment in personal life (89,3%). The variables that are associated with functional autonomy in a significant way are the gender, the place of institutionalization and physical exercise. The ones that are associated with the personal investment are the marital status, the home place, the physical activity and the familiar functionality. Conclusion - In spite of the high age average of our elders, they show much functionality and moderate investment in personal life, however, the variables significantly associated with these constructs are: being male gender, being married or living in union of fact, reside in the home itself, practice regular physical exercise and perceive functional families.
- Nursing tutors' perception of clinical supervision skillsPublication . Silva, Ernestina; Figueira, Ana Cristina; Soares, Sérgio; Silva, Daniel; Cabral, LídiaAbstract Introduction: The evolution of science and technology, changes within the healthcare organizations and new healthcare emerging philosophies require an active participation from healthcare professionals in helping in their peers’ training. The supervision process is therefore more and more important. Objectives: To identify specialist nursing instructors’ perception of the clinical supervisor skills in child-health area and paediatrics. Material and methods: Qualitative-descriptive and phenomenological study composed by a sample of ten nursing tutors in the Dr. Nélio Mendonça Hospital’s Paediatrics Department. We used a semi-structured interview and recordings of the conversations. We performed a content analysis on the corpus of all the interviews, once we had denied subcategories and indicators. Results: The category “clinical supervisor skills” emerged from our study and the subcategories which were the most commonly referred were “personal characteristics with a 38% record unit and “professional skills” (25.7%). As far as the relevant aspects in the child-health area and paediatrics are concerned, personal and professional skills stood out once again, with a 40.4% rate each. The main facilitating factor in the supervision process was the fact that it is a structured process (21.6%), and the inhibition factor was the deficit that exists in interpersonal relationships (21.7%). Globally, there were more record units associated with inhibition factors. Conclusion: Knowing what supervisors’ insights in such a specific area as child-healthcare and paediatrics are, we think that this study can be a contribution to improve the quality of the supervision process in nursing. A joint effort between supervisor and supervised nurse will be needed to improve the processes that link institutions and their actors, processes where knowledge, experiences and professional objectives are commonly shared.
- The importance of the 1st CEB teacher training to know the determinants of academic performance of students with ADHDPublication . Campos, Sofia; Soares, Liliana; Ferreira, Manuela; Chaves, Claudia; Alves, Candida; Martins, ConceiçãoIntroduction: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an issue that affects a high percentage of school-age population. Thus, working directly with hyperactive students has become an inevitable task in our lives, as educational professionals. Thus, it has become essential to ascertain new and effective teaching practices because understanding a teacher’s role as a facilitating agent in the teaching-learning process is to understand that that role requires specialised preparation. It is in this context that our paper is based. Objective: The aim of this study is to learn whether the continuing training of teachers helps them to acquire better knowledge about ADHD children, improving their perceptions and attitudes. Methodology: from this point of view, the procedure adopted was the descriptive plan by survey. Data were collected using a questionnaire, considered the most appropriated procedure for descriptive studies. This study involved 117 primary teachers from a variety of schools. Most of them only have intial training (the number of teachers with some kind of specialisation in this area is very low). Results: After analysing the survey data, a connection between the results and teacher’s academic qualifications was made and the conclusion drawn is that the quality of the teacher’s practices goes up with the teacher training on this issue. However, initial teacher training may or may not have been developed in the area of hyperactivity. For this reason, some teachers may not be sure of their answers (particularly regarding information pertaining to the main problems related to this issue). Conclusions: The results of the study lead us to conclude that it is extremely important to get appropriate training throughout the professional career. This training can be related directly to this area or to other areas that are directly or indirectly connected to our work with the main aim of improving our intervention in school and to help the children with this pathology.
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