ESSV - UESMP - Artigo em revista científica, indexada ao WoS/Scopus
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- Are Consumers Aware of Sustainability Aspects Related to Edible Insects? Results from a Study Involving 14 CountriesPublication . Guiné, Raquel P. F.; Florença, Sofia De Guiné E; Anjos, Ofélia; Boustani, Nada M.; Chuck-Hernández, Cristina; Sarić, Marijana Matek; Ferreira, Manuela; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Bartkiene, Elena; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Tarcea, Monica; Correia, Paula; Campos, Sofia; Papageorgiou, Maria; Camino, Daniel Abarquero; Korzeniowska, Malgorzata; Černelič-Bizjak, Maša; Kruma, Zanda; Damarli, Emel; Ferreira, Vanessa; Djekic, IlijaIn recent years, edible insects have been suggested as an alternative food that is more sustainable compared with other sources of animal protein. However, knowledge about the sustainability aspects associated with this source of food may play a role in convincing consumers to adopt insects as part of their diet. In this context, the present study investigated the level of knowledge about the sustainability of edible insects in a group of people originating from 14 countries, with some naturally entomophagous and others not. To measure the knowledge, 11 items were selected and the scores obtained were tested with statistical tools (t-test for independent samples, analysis of variance—ANOVA) to search for differences according to sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, geographical origin, and consumption habits of edible insects. The obtained results showed that, in general, knowledge is moderate, with the values of the average scores for the 11 items investigated ranging from 0.23 ± 0.99 to 0.66 ± 1.02, on a scale ranging from –2 (=very low knowledge) to 2 (=very high knowledge). The highest scores were found for items relating to the lower use of animal feed and lower emission of greenhouse gases required for the production of insects compared with beef. When investigating the differences between groups of participants, significant differences were generally found, revealing a trend for higher knowledge among males and young adults, for participants residing in urban areas and in countries such as Spain, Mexico, and Poland, and for participants with higher education levels and higher incomes. When testing the influence of consumption variables on the level of knowledge, the results showed a higher knowledge for participants who had already consumed insects or are willing to consume them. Finally, it was observed that higher knowledge was found for participants whose motivation to consume insects related to curiosity, a wish to preserve the planet, the gastronomic characteristics of insects, and their nutritional value. In conclusion, these results clearly indicate a very marked influence of a number of variables on the knowledge about the sustainability of edible insects, and this may be helpful to delineate strategies to effectively raise knowledge and eventually increase the willingness to consider insects as a more sustainable alternative to partially replace other protein foods, even in countries where this is a not a traditional practice.
- Attachment patterns and suicidal behaviours on higher education studentsPublication . Gonçalves, Amadeu; Duarte, João; Sequeira, Carlos; Cabral, Lídia; Freitas, PaulaIntroduction: Every individual has a necessity to establish affective relationships throughout life in order to feel comfort and support. This need is called attachment and allows the human being to explore the world, acquiring knowledge about himself and everyone else(1) There are several changes that occur on students’ lives when enrolling and attending university, a period that is known to include a set of situational and academic transitions which might lead to mental health problems, and thus making students more vulnerable and more prone to develop suicidal behaviours. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation on higher education students and to assess its relationship with attachment patterns. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive and correlational study, applied on a sample of 1074 students from a Portuguese higher education institution. Data collection was possible through an online platform that included a survey with questions regarding sociodemographical and academic profiling, the Portuguese version of the Adult Attachment Scale (EVA)(2) and the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire(3) Results: Students’ age varies between the 17 and 49 ( = 23,9 years old ± 6,107 Sd), the vast majority (64.7%) are females. Results show that the presence/severity of suicidal thoughts is low ( = 13.84; ± 20.29 Sd) on a scale from 0 to 180 and cut-off point > 41 for values that suggest potential suicidal risk, and based on that, 84 students were identified (7,8%). We verified significant relationships between suicidal ideation and anxiety and attachment (r=0.314 p=0.000). Conclusions: Although there is not a high prevalence of suicidal ideation on students, we found 84 students in our sample (7,8%) that reveal a potential risk for suicide. The results also show that young students with safe attachment patterns display less suicidal ideation. Safe attachment patterns are essential on interpersonal and social relationships and play an important role during the academic period. We cannot be indifferent towards this issue due to its individual, familiar and social repercussions. Every higher education institution should then establish student support offices and develop mental health promotion programs as well as suicide prevention campaigns.
- Consumo de benzodiazepinas no idoso deprimidoPublication . Gonçalves, Amadeu; Ferreira, Manuela; Florentim, Ricardo; Sousa, Andreia; Reis, Magda; Cabral, LídiaENQUADRAMENTO: O envelhecimento propicia o desenvolvimento de um processo depressivo, encontrando-se prevalências muito elevadas de depressão e ansiedade na população geriátrica institucionalizada (Montenegro & Silva, 2007). Associada ao envelhecimento a depressão pode considerar-se um problema de saúde pública, com implicações para o próprio indivíduo, família e para a sociedade. Torna-se necessário intervir nestes quadros clínicos, quer através da psicoterapia (nomeadamente a terapia cognitivo-comportamental), mas também de uma abordagem farmacológica do problema com recurso a medicamentos antidepressivos, muitas vezes associados a ansiolíticos do grupo das benzodiazepinas (BZD´s). OBJETIVOS: Avaliar se o tratamento através das benzodiazepinas (BZD´s) exerce influência na sintomatologia depressiva e no funcionamento cognitivo do idoso institucionalizado. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo de cariz transversal e correlacional. Os dados foram recolhidos numa Estrutura Residencial para Pessoas Idosas (ERPI) na região centro de Portugal (Covilhã). Para além do questionário sociodemográfico utilizaram-se três escalas de avaliação psicológica: o Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) com objetivo de avaliar cognitivamente os participantes; a Escala da Depressão Geriátrica (GDS-15) para medir a sintomatologia depressiva e a Escala da Ansiedade Geriátrica (GAI-SF). Todas estas escalas estão devidamente aferidas à população portuguesa e apresentam boas características psicométricas. Os dados foram introduzidos e analisados com recurso ao Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 23.0. RESULTADOS: Verificámos que 54.8% da amostra consome BZD´s diariamente, sendo a mais consumida o lorazepam (58.8%), e a especialidade médica que mais os prescreve é a psiquiatria, 35.5%. Dos participantes que consomem BZD`s a maioria é do género feminino. Com base nos resultados obtidos do MMSE, na GDS-15 e na GAI-SF parece que o consumo de BZD´s tem impacto negativo no défice cognitivo e no género feminino dos participantes, dado que foram encontradas diferença estatisticamente significativas. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostram que são os idosos que consomem BZD´s que apresentam maior sintomatologia depressiva e ansiosa e os que denotam maior défice cognitivo. O uso inadequado de benzodiazepinas nos idosos institucionalizados é um problema bem conhecido e por isso deve ser monitorizado. Porém, pelo facto de a amostra ser reduzida e da existência da polimedicação nos idosos, os resultados obtidos, deverão ser interpretados com alguma prudência e sem generalizações.
- Development of a Questionnaire to Assess Knowledge and Perceptions about Edible InsectsPublication . Guiné, Raquel; Florença, Sofia De Guiné E; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Correia, Paula; Ferreira, Manuela; Duarte, João; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Campos, Sofia; Anjos, OféliaEdible insects (EI) have been consumed as traditional foods in many parts of the globe, but in other regions, they are not readily accepted, particularly in Western countries. However, because EI are suggested to constitute a more sustainable protein food as compared with other sources of animal protein, they can be considered a future food that could help mitigate hunger and malnutrition. Additionally, new gastronomic trends are already targeting this area for exploring new potentialities. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess consumers’ perceptions and knowledge about EI in seven different domains: D1. Culture and Tradition, D2. Gastronomic Innovation and Gourmet Kitchen, D3. Environment and Sustainability, D4. Economic and Social Aspects, D5. Commercialization and Marketing, D6. Nutritional Aspects and D7. Health Effects. The 64 items were subjected to item analysis and reliability analysis for validation, and factor analysis was also conducted to identify a grouping structure. The results validated all the items of the seven subscales with high values of Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.732 for D1, α = 0.795 for D2, α = 0.882 for D3, α = 0.742 for D4, α = 0.675 for D5, α = 0.799 for D6 and α = 0.788 for D7). However, by eliminating 17 items, the final values of the alpha increased in all subscales. Factor analysis with extraction by principal component analysis with varimax rotation extracted 14 factors that explained, in total, 65% of the variance, although the first two factors were the most important (35.7% variance explained). In conclusion, the confirmed usefulness of the questionnaire has been hereby validated for assessing consumer perceptions of and knowledge about EI.
- Edible insects: A survey about perceptions regarding possible beneficial health effects and safety concerns among adult citizens from Portugal and RomaniaPublication . Guiné, Raquel; Florença, Sofia De Guiné E; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Correia, Paula; Ferreira, Manuela; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Campos, Sofia; Anjos, Ofélia; Bacarea, Vladimir; Bacarea, Anca; Buicu, Gabriela; Szasz, Simona; Martin-Hadmaș, Roxana; Tarcea, MonicaAlthough edible insects (EI) have been consumed for ages in many countries around the world, in most European countries, this is not a traditional practice. Still, it has been encouraged as a sustainable source of animal protein besides other nutrients. The Food and Agricultural Organization and the United Nations, recommend consuming EI as a way to contribute to the sustainable development goals. Hence, this research investigated how participants from Portugal and Romania perceive EI, and how these can be useful as a source of nutrients and other benefits for human health, as well as possible risks. For that, it was undertaken a questionnaire survey, with data collected online in the two countries. For the analysis of data, basis statistics and chi-square tests were used. Results showed significant differences between Portuguese and Romanian participants in six out of ten questions, namely regarding safety (p < 0.001), use in traditional medicine (p < 0.001), possible infection with parasites (p = 0.021), of pesticides (p = 0.031), their usage as therapeutics (p = 0.001) and being potential sources of allergens (p < 0.001) and aflatoxins (p < 0.001). Also, differences were tested for other sociodemographic variables. The results showed significant differences according to age for only three questions, gender for only two questions, and Education for most of the questions, i.e., six out of the ten. These results highlighted the greater influence of variables like country of origin and education in the perception of the effects of EI in human health.
- Edible Insects: Consumption, Perceptions, Culture and Tradition Among Adult Citizens from 14 CountriesPublication . Guiné, Raquel; Florença, Sofia De Guiné E; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Correia, Paula; Cruz-Lopes, Luísa; Esteves, Bruno; Ferreira, Manuela; Fragata, Anabela; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Campos, Sofia; Anjos, Ofélia; Boustani, Nada M.; Bartkiene, Elena; Chuck-Hernández, Cristina; Djekic, Ilija; Tarcea, Monica; Sarić, Marijana Matek; Kruma, Zanda; Korzeniowska, Malgorzata; Papageorgiou, Maria; Árias, Leticia González; Černelič-Bizjak, Maša; Damarli, Emel; Ferreira, Vanessa; Bayraktaroğlu, Emre; Arpa, Fatmanur OzyurekAlthough edible insects (EIs) are encouraged as a sustainable source of protein, their consumption is not as generalised as other types of food that are internationally accepted. While in some regions of the world, EIs are part of the gastronomic and cultural traditions, in other regions, people are not so receptive to this type of food, and some people even express some disgust towards it. Hence, this research focused on the habits of the participants regarding the consumption of insects as well as their perceptions about EIs being or not a part of the local culture or gastronomic patrimony. A questionnaire survey was implemented in fourteen countries (Brazil, Croatia, Greece, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, and Turkey), and globally, 7222 adult participants responded to the questionnaire. SPSS software (version 28) was used to process the data and carry out chi-square tests and Factor Analyses (FA). The obtained results showed significant differences between countries for all the questions included in the survey, either those regarding the habits of the participants or their opinions about the facts linked with EI tradition or cultural aspects. It was found that participants from Mexico consume EIs more than in all other countries and that strong motivations that would lead to consumption among those who do not consume include curiosity and food shortage. The solution obtained with FA considering the ten statements of the scale consisted of two factors: F1—Culture and Tradition of EIs (α = 0.675) and F2—Acceptance of EIs (α = 0.614). In conclusion, the consumption of EIs and the perceptions of people are highly variable according to geographic location and cultural environment.
- Emotional inteligence and quality of life in special education teachersPublication . Campos, Sofia; Martins, Rosa; Martins, Conceição; Margarida Correia Balula Chaves, Cláudia; Duarte, JoãoAbstract: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the emotional intelligence of special education teachers, who work with handicapped children and teenagers in public elementary and secondary schools, so as to understand which variables can influence emotional intelligence of view of special education teachers. In our empirical research, we apply the "EQ-map" scale, which allowed us to evaluate the Emotional Quotient of a group of special education teachers specializing in mental and motor areas as well as visual and auditory disabilities. In this sense, our main results show that in our sample emotional intelligence is located mostly in vulnerability levels and need for attention, which varies inversely with Life occurrences and general health and positively with the Quality of Life and Satisfaction, Relationship Quotient and Optimal Performance. This is a descriptive epidemiological, cross-sectional and correlational study.
- Escala de envolvimento com o álcool para adolescentes, AAIS; Análise factorial confirmatóriaPublication . Ferreira, Manuela; Valente, Gonçalo; Cabral, Lídia; Duarte, João; Gonçalves, Amadeu; Andrade, JoanaENQUADRAMENTO: O consumo de álcool na adolescência contribui significativamente para produzir danos físicos e psicológicos e está associado a intoxicações, comportamentos sexuais de risco e tentativas de suicídio. A validação de uma escala que permita avaliar o envolvimento com o álcool para adolescentes é de importância capital para o planeamento de ações promotoras de estilos de vida saudáveis junto deste grupo etário. OBJETIVO: Estudar a validade e fidedignidade da Escala de Envolvimento com o Álcool para Adolescentes. MÉTODO: Recorreu-se a um modelo de investigação quantitativo, transversal, descritiva e correlacional. Participaram 971 estudantes do ensino secundário público e cooperativo. O Instrumento de recolha de dados inclui o questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Envolvimento com o Álcool para Adolescentes de Mayer & Filstead (1979) adaptada por Fonte & Alves (1999). RESULTADOS:Os estudantes com idades compreendidas entre os 14 – 21 anos, são na sua maioria rapazes (50,80%), Revelaram-se bebedores habituais sem problemas (75,30%), com elevadas expectativas face ao álcool (45,10%).Procedemos ao estudo de fiabilidade e validade da Escala de Envolvimento com o Álcool para Adolescentes e após análise factorial de componentes principais, com rotação ortogonal de tipo varimax, obtivemos 2 factores com raízes lactentes superiores a 1, que no seu conjunto explicaram 55,41% da variância total. O Alfa de Cronbach para a globalidade da escala foi de α=0.900,com um coeficiente de Split-half para a primeira metade = 0,865 e segunda metade = 0,800. CONCLUSÃO As propriedades psicométricas da escala de envolvimento com o álcool para adolescentes (AAIS) certificam a sua qualidade, enquanto ferramenta a utilizar por profissionais de saúde para avaliação dos comportamentos e sentimentos dos asolescentes face ao alcool.
- Estados emocionais dos estudantes na transição para o ensino superior: uma abordagem exploratóriaPublication . Margarida Campos, Sofia; Pereira, Andreia; Ferreira, Manuela; Cardoso, Ana PaulaIntrodução: Todos os anos, milhares de estudantes ingressam no ensino superior, deparando-se frequentemente com desafios pessoais e académicos. Esta nova fase das suas vidas implica a adaptação a um aumento de autonomia, a uma nova rotina e a um novo ambiente académico, podendo resultar em alterações emocionais. Os sentimentos vividos nesta fase de transição podem ter um impacto na sua qualidade de vida, na sua adaptação e no seu sucesso académico. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é identificar os estados emocionais presentes nas perceções dos estudantes do primeiro ano de licenciatura, em relação ao período de transição e adaptação académica ao ensino superior. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de carácter exploratório, qualitativo, realizado com recurso a um grupo focal, com análise de conteúdo recorrendo ao software Nvivo 14. O grupo foi constituído por nove estudantes do ensino superior público. Aquando da recolha de dados, os participantes estavam matriculados no 1.º ano em licenciaturas de diferentes escolas e áreas científicas da mesma instituição portuguesa. Resultados: Os dados preliminares mostram que tendencialmente os estudantes entrevistados caracterizam o seu primeiro contacto com o ensino superior, como um choque. São também descritas situações de stress, desmotivação e dúvida associadas ao desconhecimento dos colegas, saída da casa dos pais e à nova realidade académica. Por outro lado, são identificadas emoções de otimismo, segurança e resiliência quando se estabelece uma relação favorável com os docentes e o estudante está satisfeito com o curso. Considerações Finais: Embora tenham sido identificados estados emocionais negativos, estes tendem a dissipar-se com a integração na instituição, o apoio dos professores, a formação de novas amizades e a adaptação às novas exigências académicas.
- Family-school cooperation in the context of inclusion of children with special educational needsPublication . Rodrigues, Florbela Batista; Campos, Sofia; Margarida Correia Balula Chaves, Cláudia; Martins, ConceiçãoAlthough current legislative measures recognize parents participation in school life, several difficulties remain and many barriers need to be broken down as there are still uncomfortable situations to be dealt with between school and parents. In this context, the aim of this study is to identify and to interpret parents, teachers and students’ opinions concerning parental involvement and participation in their children's school life. This study was carried out in an interpretative and descriptive paradigm which involves children with Special Educational Needs (SEN), their families and the relationship between them and the schools their children are attending. It is a exploratory, cross-sectional study, with convenience sample of 119 parents, 22 kindergarten teachers and teachers and 168 students attending a school situated in a rural area in the interior centre of Portugal. The four instruments used were adapted from Zenhas, A. (2006) and Dias, J. (1999). The results were analyzed through a descriptive statistics program, SPSS 19.0, which allowed us to discover that parents’ participation in their children's school life is still very incipient. The conclusion that it is up to school to assume a relevant role in coordinating with the families, to outline the objectives of the intervention and which strategies should be adopted to enable the increasing level of participation of families and implement policy measures where all stakeholders (parents, students with special educational needs and teachers) feel more included.