ESSV - UESMP - Artigo em revista científica, indexada ao WoS/Scopus
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- Family-school cooperation in the context of inclusion of children with special educational needsPublication . Rodrigues, Florbela Batista; Campos, Sofia; Margarida Correia Balula Chaves, Cláudia; Martins, ConceiçãoAlthough current legislative measures recognize parents participation in school life, several difficulties remain and many barriers need to be broken down as there are still uncomfortable situations to be dealt with between school and parents. In this context, the aim of this study is to identify and to interpret parents, teachers and students’ opinions concerning parental involvement and participation in their children's school life. This study was carried out in an interpretative and descriptive paradigm which involves children with Special Educational Needs (SEN), their families and the relationship between them and the schools their children are attending. It is a exploratory, cross-sectional study, with convenience sample of 119 parents, 22 kindergarten teachers and teachers and 168 students attending a school situated in a rural area in the interior centre of Portugal. The four instruments used were adapted from Zenhas, A. (2006) and Dias, J. (1999). The results were analyzed through a descriptive statistics program, SPSS 19.0, which allowed us to discover that parents’ participation in their children's school life is still very incipient. The conclusion that it is up to school to assume a relevant role in coordinating with the families, to outline the objectives of the intervention and which strategies should be adopted to enable the increasing level of participation of families and implement policy measures where all stakeholders (parents, students with special educational needs and teachers) feel more included.
- Emotional inteligence and quality of life in special education teachersPublication . Campos, Sofia; Martins, Rosa; Martins, Conceição; Margarida Correia Balula Chaves, Cláudia; Duarte, JoãoAbstract: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the emotional intelligence of special education teachers, who work with handicapped children and teenagers in public elementary and secondary schools, so as to understand which variables can influence emotional intelligence of view of special education teachers. In our empirical research, we apply the "EQ-map" scale, which allowed us to evaluate the Emotional Quotient of a group of special education teachers specializing in mental and motor areas as well as visual and auditory disabilities. In this sense, our main results show that in our sample emotional intelligence is located mostly in vulnerability levels and need for attention, which varies inversely with Life occurrences and general health and positively with the Quality of Life and Satisfaction, Relationship Quotient and Optimal Performance. This is a descriptive epidemiological, cross-sectional and correlational study.
- Fatores de risco em saúde mental : contributos para o bem-estar biopsicossocial dos profissionais da saúdePublication . Martins, Conceição; Campos, Sofia; Duarte, João; Margarida Correia Balula Chaves, Cláudia; Batoca Silva, ErnestinaCONTEXTO: A nossa investigação estuda o stress no trabalho e a sua relação com a saúde mental. Descrevemos fatores específicos e de risco psicossocial no trabalho, particularmente no trabalho dos enfermeiros, e as suas implicações para a saúde mental e para o bem-estar biopsicossocial, tais como: Tipo de trabalho; Conteúdo do trabalho; Desempenho de papel; Relações interpessoais e grupais; Desenvolvimento da carreira; Novas tecnologias e Aspetos organizacionais. OBJETIVO(S): O objetivo fundamental foi estudar a influência de algumas variáveis pessoais e situacionais de risco biopsicossocial na saúde mental e no bem-estar dos profissionais de saúde, em contexto hospitalar METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo, do tipo correlacional. A recolha de informação obedeceu a um protocolo constituído por dados pessoais e as escalas: Satisfação geral do trabalho, Questionário geral de saúde, Questionário de saúde, Escala de fadiga crónica, Escala de ansiedade cognitiva-somática, Inventário de personalidade de Eysenck, Inventário clínico de autoconceito, Inventário de resolução de problemas, Questionário de vulnerabilidade ao stress e Questionário de stress ao trabalho. A amostra foi não probabilística intencional, constituída por 570 enfermeiros, a laborarem por turnos e em regime normal, no contexto hospitalar, perfazendo, no final, 360 enfermeiros. RESULTADOS: Os principais resultados apontam o seguinte: Os enfermeiros manifestam algum descontentamento com o ambiente de trabalho; A globalidade da amostra demonstra índices de saúde baixos; Regra geral, todos os enfermeiros estão vulneráveis ao stress; Em relação ao stress produzido pelas circunstâncias organizacionais, a totalidade da amostra revela elevados índices de stress e o seu bem-estar biopsicossocial, manifestamente afetado. CONCLUSÕES: Destes resultados fomos levados a concluir que quanto maior for a fadiga crónica, o neuroticíssimo e a ansiedade cognitiva, maior será a tendência dos enfermeiros para diminuírem a autorresponsabilização e o medo. Esta relação pode tornar-se circular e levar a comportamentos desajustados como, por exemplo, indiferença, desinteresse, relações interpessoais conflituosas, entre outros aspetos. As consequências de tais comportamentos poderão traduzir-se em absentismo, erros de desempenho ou vontade de abandonar a instituição.
- Hostile behaviours in children and adolescents: Sociodemographic and parental variablesPublication . Cruz, Carla; Chaves, Cláudia; Amaral, Odete; Nelas, Paula; Campos, Sofia; Antunes, Anabela; Almeida, MarilineAbstract Background: Hostile behaviour in children and adolescents is a current and very relevant problem due to individual, social and economic harm it produces. Objectives: To verify if sociodemographic variables (gender, age, grade, place of residence and cohabitation) influence hostile behaviour in children and adolescents; to ascertain whether family variables (marital status, occupation, education level, monthly income) interfere with hostile behaviour in children and adolescents. Methodology: Quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study involving a sample of 999 students of the 2nd and 3rd cycles of basic education (5th – 9th years of schooling), with an average age of 12.15 years (SD=±1.46 years). Data collection includes the questionnaire of demographic data and family context, the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. Results: Sociodemographic variables, sex, age, area of residence and cohabitation interfered in hostile behaviour in children and adolescents: girls, older students, residents in urban areas, living with parents were shown to have higher levels of hostile behaviours as a whole. Parents’ marital status, their secularity and family income also interfered in the hostile behaviour of the sample under study, finding that children and adolescents whose parents have no partner and have an average high / high household income reveal higher levels of hostile behaviours, particularly with regard to resentment, verbal hostility, fear, negativity and global hostility. Conclusion: We hope that this study contributes to preventing hostile behaviour in children and adolescents, reducing the potential risks of this problem.
- The impact of internet addiction on the mental health of college students from the central area of PortugalPublication . Cabral, Lídia; Duarte, João; Oliveira, Alda; Neves, Leandro; Fonseca, Mickael; Marques, Sabrina; Gonçalves, AmadeuIntroduction: Mental health has an imperative roll in general health, and it’s known that most mental and physical diseases are influenced by a combination of biological, psychological and social factors, in which takes place the Internet addiction. Objectives: identify the sociodemographic variables that influence the mental health of college students; identify academic variables that influence the mental health of college student. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study with 511 college students of the Central Region of Portugal. It was used a questionnaire on sociodemographic and academic context, and were used the following scales: Mental Health Scale – PhD José Luís Pais Ribeiro (2011); Internet Addiction Test, Portuguese version by Pontes e Patrão (2013). Results: Mostly female students, standing largely in the age group of 17-21 years, living in urban areas, with an average family income. Younger students have high addition to the internet (62.2%). Sex interfere with the mental health of students. The lower the negative impact of adding Internet emotions / feelings and lower its negative impact on daily life, the less anxiety, depression and loss of emotional / behavioral control of college students. The negative impact on daily life establishes a direct relationship with the positive affect, indicating that the greater the negative impact, less positive affect students. Conclusions: The results obtained point to the need to implement mental health programs, by conducting two workshops, promoting social interaction among students, to help them find more effective ways to respond to the daily challenges.
- Attachment patterns and suicidal behaviours on higher education studentsPublication . Gonçalves, Amadeu; Duarte, João; Sequeira, Carlos; Cabral, Lídia; Freitas, PaulaIntroduction: Every individual has a necessity to establish affective relationships throughout life in order to feel comfort and support. This need is called attachment and allows the human being to explore the world, acquiring knowledge about himself and everyone else(1) There are several changes that occur on students’ lives when enrolling and attending university, a period that is known to include a set of situational and academic transitions which might lead to mental health problems, and thus making students more vulnerable and more prone to develop suicidal behaviours. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation on higher education students and to assess its relationship with attachment patterns. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive and correlational study, applied on a sample of 1074 students from a Portuguese higher education institution. Data collection was possible through an online platform that included a survey with questions regarding sociodemographical and academic profiling, the Portuguese version of the Adult Attachment Scale (EVA)(2) and the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire(3) Results: Students’ age varies between the 17 and 49 ( = 23,9 years old ± 6,107 Sd), the vast majority (64.7%) are females. Results show that the presence/severity of suicidal thoughts is low ( = 13.84; ± 20.29 Sd) on a scale from 0 to 180 and cut-off point > 41 for values that suggest potential suicidal risk, and based on that, 84 students were identified (7,8%). We verified significant relationships between suicidal ideation and anxiety and attachment (r=0.314 p=0.000). Conclusions: Although there is not a high prevalence of suicidal ideation on students, we found 84 students in our sample (7,8%) that reveal a potential risk for suicide. The results also show that young students with safe attachment patterns display less suicidal ideation. Safe attachment patterns are essential on interpersonal and social relationships and play an important role during the academic period. We cannot be indifferent towards this issue due to its individual, familiar and social repercussions. Every higher education institution should then establish student support offices and develop mental health promotion programs as well as suicide prevention campaigns.
- Influence of internet use on the quality of sleep of university studentsPublication . Gonçalves, A. M.; Cabral, L. R.; Ferreira, M. C.; Coutinho, E.; Duarte, J. C.Introduction: Internet addiction has been the focus of attention of some researchers due to its negative implications on both individuals and families. A study conducted by the Institute for Applied Psychology (ISPA) mentions some of the consequences of internet addiction on students, namely their academic performance and success, as well as their interpersonal relationships and sleep disorders [1]. Objectives: To identify the sociodemographic variables that influence sleep quality of students; Identify academic variables influencing sleep quality of students; to analyse the influence of the variable addition to internet in sleep quality of students. Methods: quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study involving a sample of 511 students attending higher education of the country's central region, with the highest prevalence in the age group of 17-21 years. Data collection includes the questionnaire of demographic data and academic context, the Internet will Addition Test (IAT) to Young [2] and Quality Questionnaire Pittsburgh Sleep h, validated by Duarte [3]. Results: Sample is mostly female (78.7%), prevailing students in the age group of 17-21 years (65.8%), living in urban areas (50.9%). Most (56.4%) attended the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 36.0% are in the 1st year of the course and 22.1% the 2nd year; 59.7% live with colleagues during school; 84.5% have a single room. The male students, older (22-24 years) living in urban areas, from the area of science, attend the 4th year of the course, reside with relatives, are those who manifest worse sleep quality. With this study we notice that young students with higher internet addiction are the ones who display greater alterations in sleep quality and patterns (less sleep, more latency, less sleep efficacy and insomnia). We also verified that there is a negative and significant correlation between internet addiction and daily sleep duration. Beranuy et al [4] observed a positive relationship with sleep disorders and a negative relationship with psychological well-being, showing that sleep quality assumes a predictive and significant value for internet abuse. These results corroborate those reported by Young et al [2] where Internet dependence is shown to be associated with altered sleep patterns. In a similar fashion, Griffiths, M. D., & Szabo, A. [5] concluded that sleep duration was fewer in students with internet addiction behaviours, and also that excessive internet usage associates with an excessive daytime drowsiness. Conclusion: A good sleep hygiene is vital for university students’ success, heatlh and well-being, and considering that there is a significant negative correlation between the addition to the Internet and the sleep quality of higher education students, an intervention will be required to minimize the negative consequences of Internet addiction on the students’ quality of sleep.
- Negative life events and resilience in higher education studentsPublication . Gonçalves, Amadeu Matos; Cabral, Lídia do Rosário; Ferreira, Manuela da Conceição; Martins, Maria da Conceição; Duarte, João CarvalhoAbstract: Resilience is the capacity to overcome life adversities in a positive and constructive manner. The transition from high school to a higher education degree might function as an enhancer of crises and vulnerabilities. Negative Life Events (NLE) constitute any adverse circumstances against human development, possibly threatening the individual’s equilibrium. Our aim was to study how negative life events affect the resilience of higher education students, and to identify certain socio-demographic, family and academic variables, as well as negative life events they may have endured. A quantitative study based on a descriptive design sampled 382 students from a higher education institute in Portugal. In order to assess the proposed variables, Wagnild and Young’s Scale of Resilience (1993) which was adapted for the Portuguese population by Carvalho and Pereira (2012) and the Negative Life Events Inventory (Gonçalves, 2014) was utilised. We found significant relationships between the capacity for resilience and age, marital status, area of residence, school, and the use of drugs. Regarding life events, the dimensions “Neglect”, “Separation/Loss” and “Friend Satisfaction” were found to be strong predictors of resilience capacity. The results obtained show that higher negative life events indicate a student is better able to be self-sufficient and self-confident and have higher resilience. These results lead us to propose interventions which may facilitate the students’ ability to overcome their problems.
- Consumo de benzodiazepinas no idoso deprimidoPublication . Gonçalves, Amadeu; Ferreira, Manuela; Florentim, Ricardo; Sousa, Andreia; Reis, Magda; Cabral, LídiaENQUADRAMENTO: O envelhecimento propicia o desenvolvimento de um processo depressivo, encontrando-se prevalências muito elevadas de depressão e ansiedade na população geriátrica institucionalizada (Montenegro & Silva, 2007). Associada ao envelhecimento a depressão pode considerar-se um problema de saúde pública, com implicações para o próprio indivíduo, família e para a sociedade. Torna-se necessário intervir nestes quadros clínicos, quer através da psicoterapia (nomeadamente a terapia cognitivo-comportamental), mas também de uma abordagem farmacológica do problema com recurso a medicamentos antidepressivos, muitas vezes associados a ansiolíticos do grupo das benzodiazepinas (BZD´s). OBJETIVOS: Avaliar se o tratamento através das benzodiazepinas (BZD´s) exerce influência na sintomatologia depressiva e no funcionamento cognitivo do idoso institucionalizado. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo de cariz transversal e correlacional. Os dados foram recolhidos numa Estrutura Residencial para Pessoas Idosas (ERPI) na região centro de Portugal (Covilhã). Para além do questionário sociodemográfico utilizaram-se três escalas de avaliação psicológica: o Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) com objetivo de avaliar cognitivamente os participantes; a Escala da Depressão Geriátrica (GDS-15) para medir a sintomatologia depressiva e a Escala da Ansiedade Geriátrica (GAI-SF). Todas estas escalas estão devidamente aferidas à população portuguesa e apresentam boas características psicométricas. Os dados foram introduzidos e analisados com recurso ao Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 23.0. RESULTADOS: Verificámos que 54.8% da amostra consome BZD´s diariamente, sendo a mais consumida o lorazepam (58.8%), e a especialidade médica que mais os prescreve é a psiquiatria, 35.5%. Dos participantes que consomem BZD`s a maioria é do género feminino. Com base nos resultados obtidos do MMSE, na GDS-15 e na GAI-SF parece que o consumo de BZD´s tem impacto negativo no défice cognitivo e no género feminino dos participantes, dado que foram encontradas diferença estatisticamente significativas. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostram que são os idosos que consomem BZD´s que apresentam maior sintomatologia depressiva e ansiosa e os que denotam maior défice cognitivo. O uso inadequado de benzodiazepinas nos idosos institucionalizados é um problema bem conhecido e por isso deve ser monitorizado. Porém, pelo facto de a amostra ser reduzida e da existência da polimedicação nos idosos, os resultados obtidos, deverão ser interpretados com alguma prudência e sem generalizações.
- Escala de envolvimento com o álcool para adolescentes, AAIS; Análise factorial confirmatóriaPublication . Ferreira, Manuela; Valente, Gonçalo; Cabral, Lídia; Duarte, João; Gonçalves, Amadeu; Andrade, JoanaENQUADRAMENTO: O consumo de álcool na adolescência contribui significativamente para produzir danos físicos e psicológicos e está associado a intoxicações, comportamentos sexuais de risco e tentativas de suicídio. A validação de uma escala que permita avaliar o envolvimento com o álcool para adolescentes é de importância capital para o planeamento de ações promotoras de estilos de vida saudáveis junto deste grupo etário. OBJETIVO: Estudar a validade e fidedignidade da Escala de Envolvimento com o Álcool para Adolescentes. MÉTODO: Recorreu-se a um modelo de investigação quantitativo, transversal, descritiva e correlacional. Participaram 971 estudantes do ensino secundário público e cooperativo. O Instrumento de recolha de dados inclui o questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Envolvimento com o Álcool para Adolescentes de Mayer & Filstead (1979) adaptada por Fonte & Alves (1999). RESULTADOS:Os estudantes com idades compreendidas entre os 14 – 21 anos, são na sua maioria rapazes (50,80%), Revelaram-se bebedores habituais sem problemas (75,30%), com elevadas expectativas face ao álcool (45,10%).Procedemos ao estudo de fiabilidade e validade da Escala de Envolvimento com o Álcool para Adolescentes e após análise factorial de componentes principais, com rotação ortogonal de tipo varimax, obtivemos 2 factores com raízes lactentes superiores a 1, que no seu conjunto explicaram 55,41% da variância total. O Alfa de Cronbach para a globalidade da escala foi de α=0.900,com um coeficiente de Split-half para a primeira metade = 0,865 e segunda metade = 0,800. CONCLUSÃO As propriedades psicométricas da escala de envolvimento com o álcool para adolescentes (AAIS) certificam a sua qualidade, enquanto ferramenta a utilizar por profissionais de saúde para avaliação dos comportamentos e sentimentos dos asolescentes face ao alcool.