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- Industry 4.0 in Portugal - Economic Sectors MaturityPublication . Pedro Reis; Guimarães, André; Reis, Pedro; Cardoso, Antonio J. MarquesAssessing digital maturity is critical to successfully implementing Industry 4.0 in companies. This study evaluates the digital maturity of Portuguese companies across different regions and sectors using the Shift2Future tool, a self-assessment model adapted to the Portuguese context. The model assesses six dimensions: Strategy and Organization, Smart Infrastructure, Smart Operations, Smart Products, Data-Driven Services, and Human Resources, on a Likert scale from 0 to 5. Data was gathered from 610 companies across sectors like automotive, ceramics, and metalworking through a questionnaire conducted between 2022 and 2023. Using STATA 18.0 software, the analysis included Pearson correlation and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The results indicate that companies in the North and Lisbon & Tagus Valley regions exhibit higher digital maturity. Traditional sectors like ceramics and glass show lower maturity due to technological and cultural challenges. This study evaluates the digital maturity of Portuguese businesses and suggests ways to improve their Industry 4.0 competitiveness.
- Industry 4.0 - Assessment of Digital Readiness of Manufacturing Companies in PortugalPublication . Guimarães, André; Reis, Pedro; Charrua-Santos, FernandoThe Portuguese industrial culture is going through some challenges and difficulties in the new phase of digitalization, using the development of several technologies that provide digital solutions aligned with Industry 4.0 (I4.0). To evaluate the digital readiness for I4.0 of industries companies, namely small, medium and large companies, a IMPULS model was used, which allowed quantifying and qualifying their level of readiness to implement I4.0 technologies, considering different dimensions and subdimensions. It is found that not all companies have the same pace and facility in adopting and implementing these technologies, where business strategies are not integrated with I4.0, resulting in the absence of an accurate selfassessment on the real maturity level achieved. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand how companies are facing different challenges and difficulties in the digital transition. This work aimed to assess the level of digital readiness to I4.0 of manufacturing companies in Portugal, in global and dimensional terms for each region. The overall assessment level is low (beginner) and the Smart Infrastructure and Data-driven Services dimensions are weak (outsider).
- The servperf model as a quality evaluation tool in hotel unitsPublication . Costa, Adriano; Fernandes, Gonçalo; Antunes, JoaquimThe objective of this study is to demonstrate through the use of the Servperf model which variables are most valued by guests in accommodation units in Portugal. This study is based on the Servperf model, which measures the quality of services from the point of view of the guest (customer), identifying each of the 5 dimensions (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy), which globally qualify the service of the accommodation unit, identifying processes that can be improved in order to increase overall guest satisfaction. This Servperf model, developed by the authors Cronin and Taylor (1992), seeks to evaluate the quality of services, pointing out alternatives for improvement to the limitations they believe exist in the Servqual model of Parasuraman et al. (1988).
- Perception of the image of thermal spas in PortugalPublication . Teixeira, Francisca; Fassarela, Ana; Sousa, Alda; Costa, João Pedro; Antunes, JoaquimThe image of destinations is of great importance in the process of developing tourism for a location, acting not only as a way of differentiating itself from its potential competitors, but, mainly, as an attempt to provide economic support for the sustainable development of the destination (Chagas, 2009). The spa sector in Portugal assumes a growing importance in regions with low population density, where most of the resorts are located, as it is sometimes the main employer in the region (Hofer, et al. 2012; Costa & Antunes, 2022). Thus, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the determinants of the image of a thermal destination in Portugal, in order to improve or (re)position the image of the destination efficiently.
- Health and well-being tourism: analysis of motivational factors through spa experiencesPublication . Ferreira, Jéssica; Carvalho, Cláudia; Antunes, Joaquim; Costa, João; Fonseca, Inês; Fonseca, CátiaThe increase concern about health and disease prevention and the average life expectancy increase, in developed countries, are factors that have played an important role in changing the tourist demand for health and wellness destinations segments of great importance, with a significant impact on the economy and employment in the regions (Ministry of Economy, 2021). Thus, the objective of this work is to study the motivations of tourists who seek thermal spaces, so that the managers of thermal organizations are able to respond to the new demands of the market. Based on the knowledge of the different motivations, spa organizations will be able to adjust their offer to the demand needs.
- The image of Portugal as a destination for equestrian TourismPublication . Barros, Beatriz; Barroco, Cristina; Antunes, JoaquimThe purpose of this work is mainly based on knowing equestrian tourism as a tourism product and as a form of tourism in Portugal, this way, allowing the topic of the image that Portugal holds, as an equestrian tourism destination, to develop. With this in mind, it is intended to answer the following questions: 1) Who is the tourist who practices equestrian tourism in Portugal? 2) What is the image that Portugal holds as an equestrian tourism destination? 3) What are the motivations behind tourists who practice this sport in Portugal?
- Towards Digital Transformation: A Case Study to Identify and Mitigate COVID-19 in the Retail IndustryPublication . Lopes, Marisa; Reis, João; Melão, Nuno; Costa, JoanaThe purpose of this research is to demonstrate how retailers have used the digital transformation to mitigate the negative effects of COVID-19. As this research aims to understand a real-life phenomenon for which there is very limited knowledge, we created the opportunity to empirically explore the digital transformation in the retail industry during COVID-19 pandemic. In general terms, the research follows a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory case study design. The results have shown that retailers should focus on technological innovations, adapt their business models, manage their distribution channels, and strengthen their customer-centric strategy. Moreover, it is necessary to emphasize that while smart retail is gradually standing out in the sector, there are also some factors that have not been overcome, such as lack of digital culture, training, and digital leadership. Despite these identified difficulties, the adoption of a digital strategy will allow a differentiating, safe and secure shopping experience, which today is one of the decisive factors for the survival of companies. The COVID-19 pandemic had social and economic effects in all industries – retail was no exception. In turn, the digital technologies already used by companies began to contribute to retailers being able to respond more quickly to customer needs, having been fundamental in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is one of the first to explore this topic, bringing new contributions to theory and managerial practice.
- Digital Transformation: A Literature Review and Guidelines for Future ResearchPublication . Reis, João; Amorim, Marlene; Melão, Nuno; Matos, PatríciaThe aim of this paper is to provide insights regarding the state of the art of Digital Transformation, and to propose avenues for future research. Using a systematic literature review of 206 peer-reviewed articles, this paper provides an overview of the literature. Among other things, the findings indicate that managers should adapt their business strategy to a new digital reality. This mainly results in the adaptation of processes and operations management. Scholars, for the other side, are also facing challenges, as prior research may not have identified all the opportunities and challenges of Digital Transformation. Furthermore, while the Digital Transformation has expanded to all sectors of activity there are some areas with more prospects of being developed in the future than others.
- Omni-Channel Service Architectures in a Technology-Based Business Network: An Empirical InsightPublication . Reis, João; Amorim, Marlene; Melão, NunoThis article investigates the existing omni-channel service architectures in the front-office of technology-based business networks. It discusses the implications from the existing alignment between the network-preferred channel with other channels and clients. The methodological approach is qualitative, exploratory in nature, and employs case study research in a large private retail bank in Portugal. It includes multiple sources of data collection for corroboration purposes, including semi-structured interviews, direct observation and institutional documents. Although we have identified four types of omni-channel architectures in a business network context, the case analysis revealed that only two of them meet all the requirements, namely: the mixed services and pure virtual services. For academics this is the first attempt to discuss a growing topic in the operations management literature. Thus, this study may also help practitioners to understand the challenges they may have to deal with an omni-channel strategy in a business network context.
- Artificial Intelligence in Government Services: A Systematic Literature ReviewPublication . Reis, João; Santo, Paula Espírito; Melão, NunoThe aim of this paper is to provide an overview on how artificial intelligence is shaping the digital era, in policy making and governmental terms. In doing so, it discloses new opportunities and discusses its implications to be considered by policy-makers. The research uses a systematic literature review, which includes more than one technique of data analysis in order to generate comprehensiveness and rich knowledge, we use: a bibliometric analysis and a content analysis. While artificial intelligence is identified as an extension of digital transformation, the results suggest the need to deepen scientific research in the fields of public administration, governmental law and business economics, areas where digital transformation still stands out from artificial intelligence. Although bringing together public and private sectors, to collaborate in the public service delivery, presents major advantages to policy makers, evidence has also shown the existence of negative effects of such collaboration.