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- Práticas E Consumo de Media No Ensino Superior - Um Estudo Exploratório Com Estudantes de Comunicação SocialPublication . Morais, Nídia Salomé; Martins, Joana; Midões, MiguelNo âmbito deste artigo apresentam-se resultados parciais do projeto “Literacia Mediática no Ensino Superior: um estudo exploratório com alunos de Comunicação Social”, que tem como principal objetivo avaliar o grau de literacia dos alunos desta área de formação ao longo dos três anos do seu percurso académico no curso de Comunicação Social, lecionado na Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Viseu. Para a concretização dos objetivos, desenvolveu-se um estudo descritivo e exploratório e optou-se pela implementação de um questionário online para a recolha de dados. Especificamente neste artigo analisam-se os resultados relativos à primeira secção do questionário e que dizem respeito às práticas e consumo de media pelos estudantes. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que os alunos recorrem essencialmente às redes sociais e à televisão para se informarem sobre o que acontece no país e no mundo, sendo o jornal impresso o meio menos utilizado. Em termos do uso de dispositivos e tecnologias, a maioria dos estudantes considera que as principais funções da internet são informar e entreter, usam maioritariamente o smartphone para estabelecer e manter contactos e as redes sociais têm como principal função o entretenimento. A pertinência e o principal contributo deste estudo passam, entre outros, por permitir a caracterização de hábitos e práticas de consumo de media, bem como possibilitar a identificação de estratégias específicas para uma geração que tem claramente diferentes hábitos de consumo de informação.
- Media literacy in higher education: perceptions about ethical issues in journalism among students of a social communication coursePublication . Morais, Nídia Salomé; Martins, Joana; Midões, MiguelThe project “Media Literacy in Higher Education: an exploratory study within Media Studies Students” aims to assess the degree of media literacy of students in the field of Communication Sciences, namely in terms of its ethical challenges. This article presents partial results of the student’s assessment in terms of journalism practices and its code of ethics. 72 students, from the three years of the degree in Media Studies of the School of Education of Viseu, were asked to evaluate a series of practical cases, with ethical challenges, within the scope of print journalism. The answers show that, within the first year of the course, there are some doubts regarding the journalist's behaviour, which do not exist among the other students. The lack of knowledge about the need to distance oneself from the news and the doubts regarding a possible payment to the sources of information are the main doubts of the first-year students, although, as they advance in the course, these issues are no longer visible in the answers of the secondand third-year students. In the evaluation of practical cases, all the respondents demonstrate a good critical capacity regarding the examples presented. These data align with the expected acquisition of skills and knowledge and reflect a profile at the end of the course, which shows that students are well prepared from the ethical and behavioural point of view in journalism.
- The importance of education and media literacy. A profile of students leaving the first cycle of studies in communication sciencesPublication . Martins, Joana; Midões, Miguel; Morais, Nídia SaloméThe project "Media Literacy in Higher Education: an exploratory study within Media Studies students" aims to assess the degree of media literacy of students in the field of Communication Sciences, considering that they are about to join one of the main areas that face, in a daily basis, the challenge of misinformation. Thus, starting from the case of the Social Communication course taught at the Superior School of Education/ Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, we applied the first phase of a questionnaire survey designed and validated to assess the degree of preparation of future professionals in this area. The first results of the questionnaire, applied at the end of the 2020/2021 school year, show some tendencies in the profile of students attending the final year of the degree (3rd year) and raise some warnings, mainly because it regards young people, about to enter the market, with apparent difficulties in distinguishing information from entertainment and opinion. Regarding journalism as a profession, the significant doubts concern whether entertainment programs include journalists subject to the code of ethics. Students seem to be unaware of the differences between information programs and entertainment programs, probably due to the dilution of barriers and the emergence of new infotainment formats. This difficulty in clearly distinguishing between information and entertainment is also noticeable because many respondents classify a general culture program as an information program. As for the distinction between information and opinion, half of the students misclassify the excerpts presented, which denotes the difficulty of distinguishing texts in which the author makes value judgments from texts in which comments are attributed to sources of information.
- Higher Education Students’ Perception Toward the Portuguese and Foreign Media Sector.Publication . Morais, Nídia Salomé; Martins, Joana; Midões, MiguelIn the scope of research on media literacy, knowledge about the media sector can be understood as an advantage for the full exercise of citizenship, in the sense that it allows citizens to have a critical and enlightened relationship with the media and the media field [1]. In an era when the consumer of media products is also "the messenger, the producer, the innovator and creator" [2], it is important to know the skills of those who will be the future media professionals, one of the groups that, among other skills, should have a deep knowledge about the media sector. Having as reference the results of the project "Media Literacy in Higher Education: an exploratory study with social communication students" which is taking place at the Superior School of Education / Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, this article presents the main conclusions concerning the students' knowledge about the media sector in Portugal and worldwide. The questionnaire survey applied to students of all three years of the course in May 2021 reveals that the vast majority were able to identify the groups that own different media in Portugal. Although no significant differences were found according to the year attended, it should be noted that the 1st year students show a good knowledge of the media sector, in some cases with higher averages than those identified for the 2nd and 3rd year. In general, the results are encouraging: for all the questions concerning the identification of the belonging of the Portuguese media to the respective economic groups, the great majority of the students of the course correctly pointed out the group in question. In the questions related to the media sector in the world, the students who participated in the study also revealed good knowledge, with the great majority being able to correctly identify the nationality of the television channel "BBC" and "Fox News" and all were able to identify a French and a Spanish newspaper, with the majority mentioning "Le Monde" and "El País" respectively. The evaluation of this dimension of media literacy among higher education students of a communication sciences course reveals positive results, in the sense that the participants' perception of the media sector in Portugal and in the world is clear and consistent.
- Jovens, media e tecnologia - práticas e hábitos de estudantes de comunicação social no acesso à informaçãoPublication . Morais, Nídia Salomé; Martins, Joana; Midões, MiguelA partir do projeto “Literacia Mediática no Ensino Superior: um estudo exploratório com alunos de Comunicação Social”, é intenção dos autores avaliar o grau de literacia dos estudantes de um curso na área das Ciências da Comunicação. Neste artigo são analisados os dados que cruzam as respostas a um questionário online com os resultados do focus group, instrumentos aplicados a alunos do 1.º ano da licenciatura, no âmbito dos hábitos e práticas de consumo dos meios de comunicação social. Os resultados mostram a prevalência dos ecrãs, sobretudo redes sociais e televisão, como meios de consumo de informação e apontam ainda para a prevalência do smartphone e substituição do consumo de entretenimento na televisão tradicional por plataformas de streaming. A pertinência e contributo deste estudo passam pela ideia de mudança dos hábitos de consumo, com especial ênfase num grupo geracional que se encontra em formação para exercer uma profissão na área da comunicação social. Face à mudança de paradigma comunicacional, a educação para os media continua a ter um papel fundamental do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento do espírito crítico para compreender esta mudança e as suas implicações na atual sociedade de ecrãs, onde a sobrecarga de informação impera e o consumo é feito de forma diferenciada.
- Youth, media and technology: Practices and habits of media students in accessing informationPublication . Morais, Nídia Salomé; Martins, Joana; Midões, MiguelAs part of the project “Media Literacy in Higher Education: an exploratory study with Social Communication students”, the authors intend to assess the degree of media literacy of students attending a course in Media Studies. This article analyses the data that crosses the answers to an online questionnaire with the results of a focus group, instruments applied to first-year undergraduate students in the scope of media consumption habits and practices. The results show the prevalence of screens, especially social media and television, as means of information consumption and point to the prevalence of the smartphone and the replacement of entertainment consumption on television by streaming platforms. The relevance and contribution of this study involve the idea of change in consumption habits, with special emphasis on a generational group, which is in training to exercise a profession in social communication. Given the change in the communicational paradigm, media education continues to play a fundamental role in developing critical thinking to understand this change and its implications in the current society of screens, where information overload reigns and consumption is differentiated.
- The Challenges of Disinformation: Perceptions of Social Communication graduates in the face of the threat of fake newsPublication . Martins, Joana; Morais, Nídia Salomé; Midões, MiguelThe challenges of misinformation remain at the top of current concerns, both in terms of the need to understand the phenomenon and in terms of the challenges that fake news represents for the generations more connected to digital media. As part of the project "Media Literacy in Higher Education: an exploratory study with Social Communication students", this article seeks to understand how senior students of a Media Studies course position themselves in the face of the disinformation scenario. The results of the focus group show that these young people have a clear capacity to understand the phenomenon of disinformation, know how to identify its origins, and even how to fight it. Still, the fact that we are talking about a generation whose digital presence is both a characteristic and a representation of changes in their information consumption habits has implications for the reading of the fake news phenomenon. The students' distancing from the media and the polysemy of the term fake news seems to be indicators of some difficulties in the clear distinction between the intentional creation and sharing of false information on social networks and the unintentional diffusion of error by the media outlets. Thus, the polysemy of the term fake news is, from the outset, one of the challenges that urgently needs to be included in media literacy programs, along with strengthening the role, function, and social space that the media occupy in the information sector.
- The importance of literacy in the decoding of fake news: a case study with 1st year undergraduate students in social communicationPublication . Midões, Miguel; Martins, Joana; Morais, Nídia SaloméJournalism plays an important role in the construction of reality and is, at the same time, one of the doors of access to the world. Traditional media underwent an inevitable reconversion with the emergence and growth of the internet and, currently, there is a significant change in the information consumption profile, especially among the younger population, who are digital natives and the main users of social networks. Digital has brought, simultaneously, easier access to any information, as well as an overwhelming amount of that information. Among other consequences of this informational “tsunami”, fake news is one of the most expressive faces of the new era. Since social communication professionals are one of the groups in society that has to face the challenge of misinformation on a daily basis, it seemed pertinent to assess the degree of literacy of students when they start the course, particularly in the context of misinformation, brought to the public agenda with the proliferation of fake news. Based on the definition of this concept as forged information, which aims to manipulate and/or deceive the audience (Lazer et al., 2018) and considering that in Portugal, in 2020, a study by Obercom showed that almost half of respondents said they had difficulties in distinguishing false information from news (Obercom, 2020), we wanted to assess the level of media literacy and the impact of misinformation among students in the 1st year of a degree in Social Communication. Seeking to assess the degree of preparation of students in the field of Communication Sciences to deal with this reality, we applied a questionnaire to students in the 1st year of the degree in Social Communication at the High School of Education – Polytechnic Institute of Viseu. The first results from the questionnaires applied in the 2020/2021 academic year, show some trends in the profile of students upon entry into higher education, namely in terms of unpreparedness and difficulties in classifying fake news. Most of the 1st year students agree that the definition of fake news is “false news published by the media”. This answer demonstrates the misunderstanding between news as an informative product conceived within a news media and fake news as manufactured information, reproducing, only in its form, the informative media (Lazer et al., 2018), and aiming at manipulation or deceiving of the audience. Still in the field of misinformation, the difficulty in clearly identifying fake news sites also seems to be one of the main problems faced by students when entering higher education. At the same time and given the excerpts in which students should classify the content, it is worth noting the fact that almost all 1st year students classify the two examples of fake news presented as news. We are talking about excerpts without an identified source of information and where the purpose of appealing to emotions seems clear. The fact that, in the excerpts of these fake news, most students consider that the source does not exist or is not trustworthy and, at the same time, agree with the classification of the content as news should be an object of reflection.
- LITERACIA MEDIÁTICA NO ENSINO SUPERIOR - um estudo exploratório com alunos de comunicação socialPublication . Martins Mota, Joana; Midões, Miguel; Nina de Morais, Nídia Salomé