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- Eating Attitudes of Patients with Celiac Disease in Brazil: A Nationwide Assessment with the EAT-26 InstrumentPublication . Franco, Luiza; Yoshio Nakano, Eduardo; Raposo, Antonio; Alturki, Hmidan; Alarifi, Sehad; Chaves, Claudia; Teixeira-Lemos, Edite; Romão, BernardoCeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. In this sense, a gluten-free diet is the only safe treatment available. Due to the restrictions resulting from this eating pattern, this treatment may impair the relationship of the people with CD with food, increasing the risk of a disordered eating attitude, which is associated with eating disorders. The EAT-26 is a validated instrument already applied worldwide in different populations, and higher scores are suggestive of eating attitudes prone to evolve into eating disorders. Studies carried out in other countries have already shown that people with CD are prone to developing eating disorders; however, no study has been carried out with this theme in the population with CD in Brazil. We carried out a nationwide cross-sectional study in three steps: (i) study design and instrument; (ii) recruitment of participants and ethics; (iii) statistical analysis. A total of 385 participants were included in our sample, 96.36% of them being women. The internal consistency of the applied self-administered Brazilian version of the EAT-26 online questionnaire presented a satisfactory Cronbach’s alpha of 0.812, and in total, 36.1% of the respondents were classified with a disordered eating attitude. No differences were found among the scores of participants when divided by categories regarding gender, average monthly income, age, and educational level. However, scores classified as a disordered eating attitude were found in respondents with a body mass index classified as overweight and obese. Our study highlights that disordered eating attitudes are present in overweight and obese women with celiac disease; thus, public health politics are needed to prevent and treat these attitudes.
- Exclusion Experiences in the academy: challenges to interculturalityPublication . Coutinho, Emília; Oliveira, A.; Reis, C.; Oliveira, Isabel; Maltez, L.; Osório, S.; Parreira, V.; Nelas, Paula; Margarida Correia Balula Chaves, Cláudia; Antunes, Sandra Maria Gouveia; Marques Dos Santos, Paula; Duarte, JoãoIntrodução Relatos de vivências de exclusão académica apresentam-se como desafios às instituições de ensino superior (IES) na sua capacidade de desenvolverem, mas também de aplicarem políticas promotoras de interculturalidade; Objetivos Conhecer as práticas institucionais interpretadas como barreiras à inclusão e desafios à interculturalidade; e desocultar os sentimentos vividos pela comunidade académica em contextos experienciados que considerem de exclusão; Métodos Estudo qualitativo, fenomenológico-hermenêutico com recurso à entrevista fenomenológica a trinta membros da comunidade académica (estudantes, docentes e não docentes) de uma IES de Portugal, de abril a julho de 2019, com suporte a análise qualitativa de dados apoiada pelo Nvivo12. Este trabalho insere-se num projeto mais alargado intitulado “Práticas inclusivas no Ensino Superior: O desafio de construir comunidade”, autorizado pela Comissão de Ética da Instituição envolvida; Resultados Apresentam-se as categorias “Barreiras à inclusão na instituição” e “Sentimentos vivenciados em experiências de exclusão”. As barreiras à inclusão na instituição mais referenciadas foram barreiras arquitetónicas e desunião hierárquica na instituição. No que concerne aos sentimentos vivenciados em experiências de exclusão, os participantes referenciaram essencialmente o sentir-se desvalorizado, a solidão e a tristeza; Conclusões. As barreiras arquitetónicas da instituição, o sentir-se desvalorizado, a solidão e a tristeza são os principais desafios institucionais à inclusão e interculturalidade.
- Perfil sociodemográfico e prevalência do Helicobacter Pylori em adultos portuguesesPublication . Amaral, Odete; Fernandes, Isabel; Pereira, Carlos; Veiga, Nélio; Nelas, Paula; Chaves, Claudia; Coutinho, EmíliaSociodemographic profile and the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Portuguese adults Introduction: within the last decades, great importance has been given to the bacterium Helicobacter Pylori. The Helicobacter pylori infection is a public health problem and is recognized as one of the most common chronic infections, estimating that about half of the world’s population is infected with it. This bacterium, located in the gastric mucosa, is related to some pathologies: gastritis, gastric carcinoma, peptic ulcer. Methods: We carried out an observational cross-sectional study with a community sample of adults from the municipalities of Viseu and Satão. The final sample consisted of 166 adults, aged between 19 and 92 years (mean of 46.96 ± 3.17 years), and the majority female (56.6%). Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire with questions regarding sociodemographic aspects, the family household and daily habits and lifestyles. The H. pylori infection was identified using the urea breath test. The test was performed in the morning after at least 6 hours of fasting. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical program SPSS 23.0. The prevalences were expressed in proportions and compared by the chi-square test with a level of significance of 0.05. Associations were calculated using the Odds Ratio (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori was 48.8% (50.0% in females and 47.2% in males). We found higher percentages in the female gender, for ages ≤ 50 years, married, with an education level inferior to 12th grade, with a greater number of siblings, and for those who were employed. Nonetheless, the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Almost half of the sample was infected by the Helicobacter pylori bacteria. We found no association between the presence of Helicobacter pylori and gender; age; marital status; schooling, body mass index, professional situation, number of household members and the number of rooms.
- Emotional Skills and Promotion of School Success: Preliminary Data of an Intervention Programme with ParentsPublication . Ferreira, Manuela; Duarte, João; Campos, Sofia; Margarida Correia Balula Chaves, Cláudia; Felizardo, Sara; Cardoso, Ana PaulaAn intervention with the parents was carried out, which integrates a broader line of research, involving both teachers and students. This consists in the implementation of a programme of promotion of personal and parental skills, during half a year, in which a pre-test is executed followed by the implementation programme and a post-test to compare the results. The instruments used in the two moments of the research included questionnaires to obtain sociodemographic data, the PANAS Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Emotional Intelligence Scale. The preliminary action-research study involved 5 parents of pupils from two classes of a school in the centre of Portugal, who showed disruptive behaviours in the 7th year of schooling. The parents showed a very favourable perception regarding their participation in the programme, considering that it helped them perceive some behaviours and practices less adjusted to their performance, for instance at home (shouting, scolding, etc.). From the pre-test to the post-test, there were statistically significant differences in the evaluation of one's own emotions and their use, as well as evidence of an improvement in positive affects and satisfaction with life. Preliminary data on this parental empowerment programme point to the importance of raising awareness about its action, as well as the need to change traditional educational practices that contribute to the demobilization of children in the face of school tasks. The need to establish a closer and more systematic contact with teachers was also highlighted in order to meet their needs and expectations.
- Exploring Lifestyle Factors and Treatment Adherence among Older Adults with Hypertension Attending a Mobile Health Unit (MHU) in a Rural Area of Central PortugalPublication . Pinto, Cátia; Margarida Correia Balula Chaves, Cláudia; Duarte, João; Raposo, António; Zandonadi, Renata Puppin; Monteiro, Sara; Teixeira-Lemos, EditeThis cross-sectional and analytical study aimed to characterize a sample of hypertensive older adults attending a Mobile Health Unit (MHU) in a rural area of central Portugal according to their lifestyle and to analyze the impact of lifestyles on treatment adherence. The sample comprised 235 Portuguese hypertense patients, mainly females (63.8%) with a mean age of 75 years (±8.14 years) and low level of education. The data collection was carried out through a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic questions, dietary variables, an Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire, an International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Short Version), a Nutrition Health Determination Questionnaire, a Self-Care with Hypertension Scale, and an Adherence to Treatments Measurement Scale. Only 34.5% of the hypertensive patients have controlled blood pressure values (28.2% men and 38% women). However, more than half (56.2%) of the hypertensive patients are classified as adherent to therapeutic measures. The hypertensive individuals, who present higher levels of adherence to the treatment, do not present alcohol dependence, are frequent consumers of aromatic herbs, sporadically consume salt, present good nutritional health, and practice moderate physical activity. The predictor variables for treatment adherence are the self-care dimensions general dietary (p = 0.001), specific dietary (p = 0.034), physical activity (p = 0.031), and antihypertensive medication intake (p < 0.001). Hypertensive patients with healthier lifestyles present better levels of treatment adherence. Therefore, promoting physical activity and healthy dietary practices is necessary to improve treatment adherence and increase antihypertensive treatment’s effectiveness.
- A Pilot Study on Dietary Choices at Universities: Vending Machines, Canteens, and Lunch from HomePublication . Oliveira, Leandro; BinMowyna, Mona N.; Alasqah, Ibrahim; Zandonadi, Renata Puppin; Teixeira-Lemos, Edite; Margarida Correia Balula Chaves, Cláudia; Alturki, Hmidan A.; Albaridi, Najla A.; Alribdi, Fatmah Fahad; Raposo, AntónioAbstract Commercial environments and food acquisition methods significantly shape dietary practices and impact health. This study assesses dietary choices among Portuguese university students regarding vending machines, canteens, and lunches from home. It also evaluates their use of the university canteen and their tendency to bring lunch from home. This pilot cross-sectional study used a self-administered electronic questionnaire, made available in early 2023. Participants were recruited through snowball sampling. The study included 137 students from Portuguese higher education institutions, mainly women (74.5%), pursuing degrees or integrated Master’s degrees (83.2%), primarily in health-related fields (55.5%). The median age was 21 years (20 to 23.5 years). About 70.0% regularly consumed food from vending machines, while approximately 60.0% brought lunch from home, avoiding the canteen. Factors such as convenience (48.5%), price (47.5%), product availability (40.6%), and taste (39.6%) mainly influenced vending machine choices. Monthly, chocolates, water, coffee, cookies, treats, and soft drinks were the most commonly acquired items, with coffee being the most frequent daily purchase. These findings provide insights for creating policies and initiatives to promote healthier and more accessible food options for students and strategies to encourage positive eating behaviors.
- Risk of falls and social determinants in the elderly living in a rural community.Publication . Coimbra, Vera; Marques, Ermelinda; Chaves, Claudia; Saraiva, Renata JabourAbstract: Objective: To evaluate the risk of falls and to identify the social determinants associated with them in the elderly living in a rural community. Methodology: Quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study, performed in a probabilistic sample, randomly selected, with an estimated frequency of 50% and with an acceptable margin of error of 5% and a confidence level of 95%. Study carried out at the Primary Health Care level, in a Personalized Health Care Unit, of the Northern Region of Portugal. The randomly selected sample consisted of 321 people over the age of 65, with a mean age of 76.11 ± 6.79, living in the community, of whom 175 (54.5%) were female and 146 (45.5%) were male. Data collection was done through the straightforward filling out of an evaluation protocol, using the Morse scale. Results: The Morse scale allowed us to verify that 33.0% of the sample presented a low risk of falling and 7.2% a high risk. The risk of falls was associated with age, sex, the fact that the elderly lives with other relatives, the unmarried, those with the lowest incomes and those who receive support. Conclusion: Social determinants have an impact on the risk of falls and should be considered in fall prevention programs.
- Risk of Gluten Cross-Contamination Due to Food Handling Practices: A Mini-ReviewPublication . Damasceno, Renatta Pereira B.; Zandonadi, Renata Puppin; Mendes, Marcela; Cunha Junior, Luis Carlos; Raposo, António; Teixeira-Lemos, Edite; Margarida Correia Balula Chaves, Cláudia; Farage, PriscilaAbstract Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals, affecting 1.4% of the world population. CD induces an inflammatory reaction that compromises small intestine villi, leading to nutrient malabsorption, and gastro and extraintestinal manifestations. Although other treatment approaches are being studied, adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only effective intervention to date. Despite this, about 50% of patients experience persistent inflammation, often associated with unintentional gluten ingestion through contaminated food. There are regulations for labeling gluten-free foods which specify a limit of 20 mg/kg (20 ppm). The risks of gluten cross-contamination above that level are present throughout the whole food production chain, emphasizing the need for caution. This review explores studies that tested different procedures regarding the shared production of gluten-containing and gluten-free food, including the use of shared equipment and utensils. A literature review covering PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science, VHL and Scopus identified five relevant studies. The results indicate that shared environments and equipment may not significantly increase gluten cross-contamination if appropriate protocols are followed. Simultaneous cooking of gluten-containing and gluten-free pizzas in shared ovens has demonstrated a low risk of contamination. In general, shared kitchen utensils and equipment (spoon, ladle, colander, knife, fryer, toaster) in controlled experiments did not lead to significant contamination of samples. On the other hand, cooking gluten-free and gluten-containing pasta in shared water resulted in gluten levels above the established limit of 20 ppm. However, rinsing the pasta under running water for a few seconds was enough to reduce the gluten content of the samples to less than 20 ppm.
- Significados atribuídos ao programa de mentoria implementado numa instituição de ensino superiorPublication . Coutinho, Emília; Santos, Elisa; Esteves, Inês; Tavares, Rita; Margarida Correia Balula Chaves, Cláudia; Correia, Paula; Marques Dos Santos, PaulaIntrodução: O presente trabalho parte do interesse pelo acompanhamento dos processos desenvolvidos e vivenciados no âmbito do Programa de Mentoria de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior, no decorrer do ano letivo 2019/2020. A implementação dos princípios da educação inclusiva no ensino superior é um desafio à própria instituição, professores e estudantes, o que pode ser concretizado na implementação de Programas de Mentoria/Tutoria. Objetivos: Compreender o significado da implementação do Programa de Mentoria para os estudantes da instituição; Reconhecer os principais papéis desempenhados na mentoria. Métodos: Este estudo parte da entrada em campo no Projeto da Mentoria existente numa Instituição de Ensino Superior, através das ferramentas metodológicas do estudo descritivo e exploratório, de natureza qualitativa. Foi utilizada a metodologia sociopoética na abordagem dos dados recolhidos na base de dados do estudo: “Práticas inclusivas na instituição: Perceções sobre a Implementação de um Programa de Mentoria”. Resultados: Os resultados, obtidos subjetiva e empiricamente, permitiram concluir que, do tema desocultado “Significado Atribuído ao Programa de Mentoria Implementado”, emergiram nove categorias, nomeadamente: “Significado atribuído ao momento em que foi iniciado”; “Significado atribuído à forma de seleção do par mentor-mentorado”; “Significado atribuído às orientações recebidas”; “Significado conferido às funções atribuídas ao tutor”; “Significado atribuído às funções atribuídas ao mentor”; “Significado atribuído à frequência e duração dos encontros”; “Significado atribuído à relação de Mentoria estabelecida”; “Significado atribuído à continuidade do Programa na instituição” e “Significado atribuído ao valor atribuído ao Programa”. Conclusão: Este trabalho de investigação proporcionou outra abordagem à Mentoria quanto à forma e ao estilo. Não devem, contudo, restar dúvidas de que a Mentoria é sempre um instrumento para a inclusão de todos os estudantes, independentemente das suas características individuais, devendo o mentor ser solidário, uma fonte de apoio, um suporte, não assumindo protagonismos, pois o centro do Programa de Mentoria são os estudantes e a sua plena inclusão no universo institucional e académico.
- Adaptação Portuguesa da Escala de Qualidade de Vida para Pessoas com EsquizofreniaPublication . Pinho, Lara Guedes de; Pereira, Anabela; Chaves, CláudiaA esquizofrenia é uma doença mental grave e crónica que acomete a qualidade de vida de quem dela padece. A Quality of Life Scale (QLS), de Heinrichs, Hanlon e Carpenter, 1984, é uma das escalas específicas mais utilizadas a nível internacional para a avaliar. Por não existir em Portugal nenhum instrumento ajustado para a esquizofrenia, este estudo tem como objetivo proceder à adaptação e validação para a população portuguesa desta escala, na sua versão reduzida, com 7 itens. A amostra foi constituída por 282 participantes com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia de diferentes instituições do país. A análise das qualidades psicométricas (análise fatorial exploratória e consistência interna) do instrumento avaliado mostrou índices adequados de fidedignidade e validade, consistentes com os dados internacionais existentes. Estes resultados justificam a utilização do mesmo no contexto português.