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- Selecting talent using social networks: A mixed-methods studyPublication . Melão, Nuno; Reis, J.Previous studies on the use of Social Networking Sites (SNS) in personnel selection generally focus on examining this phenomenon in the selection process as a whole. However, personnel selection is a macro-process composed of several activities. This paper aims to investigate how human resource professionals use SNS in hiring decisions during the different stages of the selection process. The research uses an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach. The first study consisted of a questionnaire-based survey of hiring professionals with the intent to describe various aspects of current practice (n ¼ 429). Survey data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The second study comprised semi-structured interviews with hiring professionals to provide a more indepth, richer analysis (n ¼ 24). Interview data was analyzed via qualitative thematic analysis. Results uncovered two types of users. Single-stage users emphasized efficiency concerns, whereas multiple-stage users mentioned to access profiles on an as needed-basis. Participants reported that the patterns of use could be quite complex and dynamic, with selectors revisiting the profile of the same applicant several times for different purposes, or examining profiles of the same applicant in different SNS. The assessment of SNS information is typically nonsystematic, but some employers reported using scales, mainly in pre-selection. Evidence emerged of potential adverse effects during the selection process. Overall, this paper contributes to theory and practice by providing a better understanding of the use of SNS across the different stages of personnel selection. To our best knowledge, this is the first mixed-methods study of its kind.
- VRI23: 1st IPViseu Research & Innovation SummitPublication . Costa, Daniela (Ed.); Araújo, Lia (Ed.); Melão, Nuno (Ed.); Correia, Paula (Ed.); Marques Dos Santos, Paula (Ed.); Almeida, Ricardo M.S.F. (Ed.)O Livro de Resumos é o resultado do VRI23 – 1st IPViseu Research & Innovation Summit, na sua primeira edição, organizado no âmbito da Pró-Presidência da Investigação e Inovação e do Conselho Interno da Investigação e Inovação (CI3), do Instituto Politécnico de Viseu. Este primeiro evento procurou divulgar a Investigação e Inovação desenvolvida nas Unidades Orgânicas do IPV, no âmbito dos mestrados, nos anos de 2020 e 2021, nas mais variadas áreas do conhecimento. Para além disto, pretendeu-se ainda proporcionar momentos de partilha na academia e entre a academia e os diversos setores da comunidade envolvente, desde as empresas às organizações sociais, passando pelas entidades da Administração Pública e pelas associações representativas das diversas atividades económicas. Com este ebook, pretendemos, por isso, reforçar a divulgação dos trabalhos desenvolvidos, evidenciando a qualidade dessa produção científica e do seu potencial para contribuir para o desenvolvimento do território, quer ao nível da implementação de novas estratégias, quer ao nível da transferência do conhecimento científico das instituições de ensino superior para o mercado. A aliança entre o ensino superior e o mercado de trabalho deve ser encarada, cada vez mais, como uma prioridade estratégica que assegura o desenvolvimento e a sustentabilidade de todas as organizações. De facto, esta aliança é uma das chaves para a afirmação de todo o nosso território e para responder a todas as vicissitudes e desafios com que nos deparamos, no contexto nacional e internacional. Apenas conhecendo as necessidades e os desafios das nossas organizações, poderemos continuar a consolidar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, direcionando-o para uma investigação aplicada e garantindo a qualificação atualizada e adequada a essas mesmas demandas.
- High-Tech Defense Industries: Developing Autonomous Intelligent SystemsPublication . Reis, João; Cohen, Yuval; Melão, Nuno; Costa, Joana; Jorge, DianaAfter the Cold War, the defense industries found themselves at a crossroads. However, it seems that they are gaining new momentum, as new technologies such as robotics and artificial intelligence are enabling the development of autonomous, highly innovative and disruptive intelligent systems. Despite this new impetus, there are still doubts about where to invest limited financial resources to boost high-tech defense industries. In order to shed some light on the topic, we decided to conduct a systematic literature review by using the PRISMA protocol and content analysis. The results indicate that autonomous intelligent systems are being developed by the defense industry and categorized into three different modes—fully autonomous operations, partially autonomous operations, and smart autonomous decision-making. In addition, it is also important to note that, at a strategic level of war, there is limited room for automation given the need for human intervention. However, at the tactical level of war, there is a high probability of growth in industrial defense, since, at this level, structured decisions and complex analytical-cognitive tasks are carried out. In the light of carrying out those decisions and tasks, robotics and artificial intelligence can make a contribution far superior to that of human beings.
- The Role of Industry 4.0 and BPMN in the Arise of Condition-Based and Predictive Maintenance: A Case Study in the Automotive IndustryPublication . Fernandes, Jorge; Reis, João; Melão, Nuno; Teixeira, Leonor; Amorim, MarleneThis article addresses the evolution of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) in the automotive industry, exploring its contribution to a shift in the maintenance paradigm. To this end, we firstly present the concepts of predictive maintenance (PdM), condition-based maintenance (CBM), and their applications to increase awareness of why and how these concepts are revolutionizing the automotive industry. Then, we introduce the business process management (BPM) and business process model and notation (BPMN) methodologies, as well as their relationship with maintenance. Finally, we present the case study of the Renault Cacia, which is developing and implementing the concepts mentioned above.
- Defence industries and open innovation: ways to increase military capabilities of the Portuguese ground forcesPublication . Reis, João; Melão, Nuno; Costa, Joana; Pernica, BohuslavThe European Defence Industry is undergoing profound changes. Industrial activity is now operating on a quintuple helix innovation model with the deep involvement of universities and governments in innovation. In addition, military innovations are being transferred to civil society, with increasing attention paid to the environment. In the first stage, we report on the state-of-the-art of existing research using PRISMA protocol. The PRISMA technique is widely accepted by the academic community for its ability to discover concepts, ideas, and debates about the defence industry. In the second stage, we present a case study involving the Portuguese Defence Industry, for which multiple data collection sources were used to ensure triangulation and corroboration. The results show that, in the light of the quintuple helix innovation model, it was possible to bring applications from theoretical discussion to real life. Moreover, within the scope of the triple helix, it was possible to develop, produce and test military products, allowing to improve the military capacity of ground forces. In the future, ecological concerns will likely increase, so we suggest a greater focus on this area of research.
- Artificial Intelligence Theory in Service ManagementPublication . Reis, J.; Santo, P.E.; Melão, NunoArtificial intelligence (AI) is expected to be more promising in the coming years, with, for example, notable gains in productivity, although there may be a significant impact on job reduction, which may jeopardize labor sustainability. Accordingly, there is a need to better understand this phenomenon and to analyze it in the light of a particular theory. However, there is a scarcity of AI theories in the service management literature. In order to obtain a better understanding of the subject, we have conducted a systematic review of the literature to provide a comprehensive analysis of the theories developed regarding AI in service management. The results have showed a wide range of theories, but not all directly related with AI; the latter are smaller in number making it difficult to draw a clear pattern. At current days, researchers are slowly advancing with new AI theories and moving away from those already in use, such as in computer science, ethics, philosophical theories, and so on.
- Service robots in the hospitality industry: The case of Henn-na hotel, JapanPublication . Reis, João; Melão, Nuno; Salvadorinho, Juliana; Soares, Bárbara; Rosete, AnaServices are changing at an impressive pace boosted by the technological advances felt in Robotics, Big Data, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) that have uncovered new research opportunities. Our objective is to contribute to the literature by exploring the pros and cons of the use of service robots in the hospitality industry and to practice, by presenting the architectural and technological characteristics of a fully automated plant based on a relevant case. To achieve such goal, this article uses a systematic literature review to assess the state-of-the-art, characterize the unit of analysis, and find new avenues for further research. The results indicate that, in high customer contact settings, service robots tend to outperform humans when performing standardized tasks, because of their mechanical and analytical nature. Evidence also shows that, in some cases, service robots have not yet achieved the desired technological maturity to proficiently replace humans. In other words, the technology is not quite there yet, but this does not contradict the fact that new robot technologies, enabled by AI, will be able to replace the employees’ empathetic intelligence. In practical terms, organizations are facing challenges where they have to decide whether service robots are capable of completely replacing human labor or if they should rather invest in balanced options, such as human-robot systems, that seem to be a much more rational choice today.
- Motivations and benefits of quality management systems in social services: mediation of the implementation processPublication . Marimon, F.; Melão, Nuno; Bastida, R.Recent times have seen many social service organisations (SSOs) implementing quality management systems based on certifiable standards. However, little is known about the benefits of such systems, as well as to what factors influence them. To investigate this issue, the aim of this study is threefold: to analyse the composition of the benefits that SSOs may achieve with the implementation of the European Quality in Social Services (EQUASS) standard; to analyse the impact of both internal and external motivations on the benefits of the EQUASS standard; and to analyse the mediation of the implementation process of the standard between the motivations and the benefits. A questionnaire-based survey was used to collect data from 196 European SSOs. Data were analysed via factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Results show that the benefits are multidimensional, consisting of society, customer, operational, employee, and economic domains. Other findings reveal that internal and external motivations positively affect overall benefits, internal motivations positively affect the implementation process, and the implementation process positively influences overall benefits. The key insight is that internal motivations have a direct positive influence on overall benefits and an indirect positive influence through the mediation of the implementation process. Managerial and research implications of these findings are discussed.
- Social networks in personnel selection: Profile features analyzed and issues faced by hiring professionalsPublication . Melão, Nuno; Reis, J.Employers are increasingly using Social Networking Sites (SNS) to support hiring decisions, and yet the knowledge of their practice patterns remains limited. This paper aims to (a) examine which and to what extent selectors analyze applicant’s profile features to support hiring decisions, and (b) explore the issues selectors perceive as being important while using SNS in personnel selection. It employs a two-phase methodology: a questionnaire-based survey, and a semi-structured interview study. Selectors report to examine more often job-related features, though they also admitted to analyze protected personal details and non-job related features. From the statistical analysis of the profile features being analyzed, three different patterns emerged, suggesting that selectors (a) exclude applicants during pre-selection and after a face-to-face interview, and (b) collect additional information about applicants to know them more deeply. Practitioners highlighted, among others, privacy, impression management, standardization, and possible bias issues. Conclusions and implications of these findings are discussed.
- The path to digital transformation: Overcoming prejudice in the digital era with service operationsPublication . Reis, J.; Melão, NunoInnovation in service science and the adoption of new information and communication technologies are transforming the business landscape. While senior customers are facing ever-greater challenges to adapt to new technologies, non-aligned customers may be taking defensive stances towards the adoption of new technologies. These sceptical positions may eventually weaken the firms' strategies towards the path to digital transformation. This paper uses a qualitative case study research to analyse a Portuguese network of firms who gathered around a common technology to deliver services to their customers. Although this business network appears to be gathering nation-wide enthusiasts and seem to be a success in delivering heterogeneous services through new technologies, some customers appear to contest. The results indicate that while senior customers are trying to adapt to new technologies or at least adopting an optimistic stance by showing some kind of curiosity, a niche of sideliner customers are not overcoming preconceived misconceptions, preventing them from taking a closer contact to new markets and services. By investing on the integration of sceptical customers and service operations standardisation, firms may avoid negative word-of-mouth, find new sources of revenue and expand their business, thereby increasing their competitiveness over their rivals.