Browsing by Author "Cruz, R."
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- Apoptosis as a prognostic marker in prediction of renal injury, after acute bleeding and volume replacement with HES 130/0.4 or Ringer solution, in a pig modelPublication . Cruz, R.; Vala, Helena; Machado, A.; Venâncio, C.; Mesquita, J.; Silva, A.; Ortiz, A. L.; Ferreira, D.Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify and quantify apoptosis in renal tissue, using a biochemical marker (TUNEL) in a pig haemorrhagic model, after intravascular volume replacement with Ringer's lactate RL) or Hydroxyethylstarch (HES) 130/0.4) solutions. Methods: 18 Large White pigs underwent total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and remifentanil. 25 ml/kg of arterial blood were removed from the femoral artery. Volume was replaced, RL, in group1 (n=6) and HES 130/0.4, in group2 (n=6), 20 min after bleeding. The control group did not face bleeding and volume reposition. One hour after volume replacement, pigs were euthanized with intravenous KCl, and renal tissue samples were taken for several studies, including immunohistochemically with in situ TUNEL method for apoptosis detection. ANOVA was used to compare data between groups. Results: In all groups apoptosis was, as expected, mainly detected in epithelial tubular cells of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, in the loop of Henle and in the epithelium of collecting tubules, however the number of apoptotic cells per mm2 was lower in group 1 (35.68 apoptotic cells/mm2), when compared with group 2 (67.94 apoptotic cells/mm2) and the control group (146.34 apoptotic cells/mm2). The level of apoptosis was significantly higher in Ringer Lactate group, comparing with controls group, for the epithelial tubular cells (P<0.05). Conclusion: The median apoptotic levels were significantly lower in pigs, subjected to fluid replacement with RL, when compared with HES 130/0.4. Ringer lactate might promote better renal perfusion in the presence of severe hypovolaemia following acute haemorrhage.
- Breves considerações sobre a evolução, impacto e profilaxia do parvovírus caninoPublication . Costa, M.; Nóbrega, C.; Mega, A.; Esteves, F.; Cruz, R.; Santos, C.; Vala, Helena; Santos, M.; Mesquita, J. R.A família Parvoviridae está dividida em duas subfamílias. A subfamília Parvovirinae, que inclui os vírus que afectam vertebrados e a subfamília Densovirinae, que contém os vírus que afectam insectos (MacLachlan & Dubovi, 2011). Dentro da subfamília Parvovirinae foram definidos cinco géneros: Erytrovírus, Dependovírus, Parvovírus, Amdovírus e Bocavírus.
- Caesarean section and neonatal care in the dog.Publication . Mota, M. S. G.; Vala, Helena; Esteves, F.; Cruz, R.; Pisco, S.; Carvalho, P.; Guerreiro, C.; Pacheco, M.; Judas, H.Caesarean section in breeding bitches is an increasingly common practice not only to ensure their future fertility but also the health and safety of offspring. Bitches with high genetic value are often submitted to this procedure. Following the bitch from the moment of mating to the moment of delivery and adequate nursing care of the newborn increases the neonatal survival rates.
- Canine hair follicular tumours: a retrospective studyPublication . Vala, Helena; Brito, M.; Esteves, Fernando; Cruz, R.; Santos, C.; Mega, A.C.; Nóbrega, C.; Mesquita, JR; Lemos, CHair follicular tumours in dog comprise a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms that display morphological features resembling one or several portions of the normal hair follicle which constitute a huge effort for its diagnosis. Histopathological evaluation is required to better characterize the different types of canine hair follicular tumours, in order to better understand its biological behaviour and to collaborate with the daily clinical practice. Thus, a retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with goal of analyse its frequency and characteristics, in order to contribute to a better understanding of this vast group of tumours. As main results the authors verified a higher incidence of follicular tumours in male dogs, being the most frequent types diagnosed trichoepithelioma, followed by, trichoblastoma, infundibular keratinizing acanthoma and pilomatricoma and the average age of dogs was 8.76 years. Also, malignant tumours represented 31.6% of all canine hair follicular tumours diagnosed (n= 114).
- A case of biliary cystadenoma in a geriatric cat.Publication . Vala, Helena; Nóbrega, C.; Ribeiro, A.; Mega, C.; Oliveira, A. L.; Santos, C.; Coelho, C.; Esteves, F.; Cruz, R.; Mesquita, J. R.A 9–year-old male European cat was referred for clinical examination with a history of anorexia, apathy and mild dehydration. Neurological exam revealed anisocoria and decreased pupillary reflex. Ultrasound examination of the abdomen suggested the presence of a mesenteric mass and several areas of renal and hepatic lesions. Renomegaly was also observed. Samples of organs were submitted to the pathology service of the Superior Agrarian School of Viseu. Macroscopic exam of the liver showed several prominent whitish areas that, on cut section, revealed multilocular cystic appearance with greenish colour in some of them. The mesenteric mass, of friable consistency, showed 5,5 x4,4x3,5 cm On cut section this mass revealed whitish areas of soft consistency that alternated with hemorrhagic areas. The kidneys showed an white, irregular surface, and also in one of them a corical prominent nodule was seen. Several sections were processed for routine histopathological diagnosis. Microscopic exam revealed that the mesenteric mass corresponded to a tumour of lymphoid cells. Cells were large, with scanty cytoplasm, euchromatic round nucleus with prominent central nucleoli, high mitotic count and moderate pleomorphism invading surrounding adipose tissue. The same type of cells was observed in the liver and kidneys. Based on these results, a lymphoma with renal and hepatic metastases was diagnosed in the mesenteric mass. Concomitantly, microscopic examination of the liver showed hepatocyte vacuolation and trabecular disorganization, with multiple cystic cavities lined by an epithelium of cubic or squamous type, showing fine fibrovascular tissue stroma. The cuboidal epithelial cells presented a moderate amount of pale eosinophilic cytoplasm, round or oval nucleus, vesicular, oriented centrally and with small or inapparent nucleoli. Based on these results, the diagnosis of neoplasia derived from biliary epithelium, was established. The differential diagnosis to be considered on this case were colangioma and biliary cystadenoma. The definitive diagnosis of biliary cystadenoma was established, based on the presence of multiple cystic cavities, disseminated by the hepatic parenchyma. According to previous statements, it was concluded that in spite of its rare occurrence, this is a case of biliary cystadenoma.
- A case of intense and multiple parasitic infestation in a wild pigeon (Columbia livia).Publication . Coelho, C.; Nóbrega, C.; Santos, C.; Cruz, R.; Mesquita, J.; Oliveira, A. L.; Mega, A. C.; Esteves, F.; Vala, HelenaIntroduction The prevalence of parasitic diseases in poultry seems to have significantly reduced due not only to the intensive production system but also to the improving conditions of hygiene and management practiced. However, parasitic diseases continue to have great importance in traditional production systems and production systems in the outdoors, contributing significantly to productivity decline of these farms. The pigeon (Columbia livia), a specie produced with outdoors access is more susceptible to infestations. The growing population of wild pigeons in urban areas can be decisive in the infestation of domestic pigeons, since they share the same places and their sanitary control is more difficult. Objectives The aim of this work is to describe a case of a pigeon (Columbia livia) with an intense parasitic infestation, this being the cause of death, with common parasitic species and other less frequent. Material and Methods A cadaver of a pigeon was submitted to the necropsy of Anatomic Pathology Laboratory of the Agrarian Superior School of Viseu, a detailed post mortem examination was carried out and samples were taken. All samples were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, for a maximum of 48 hours and processed following the routine histopathological technique. Results Gross examination lesions revealed rounded red lesions in the proventriculus serosa and lung congestion. Microscopic examination confirmed severe lung congestion, with hemosiderosis and the presence of numerous nematodes in cross section, discussing the hypothesis that it might be a case of Cyathostoma bronchialis (Muehlig 1884), taking into account the location or, less likely, an erratic parasite in histotropic migration phase. Eggs observed at this location had thick shell, oval shape, some were embryonated and 35-40 μm in length by 20-25 μm in width. In the lumen of the proventriculus glands, nematodes in cross section were also observed, noting numerous barrel-shaped eggs, embryonated larvae, oval poles and 55 mm in length by 25 mm in width, apparently compatible with parasites of the genus Tetrameres. Conclusion The high parasitic infestation of the wild pigeon specimen subjected to necropsy, with several, common and uncommon, species of parasites, the severity of lesions, leading to death of the animal, as well as the fact that infected wild birds favoring the spread of the parasite to the domestic pigeons and other poultry production, consisting of a major concern for producers, justifies the study of isolated cases, even constituting an epidemiological alert for the regions where they appear.
- Characterization of the apoptotic index in canine mastocytomas.Publication . Paiva, D.; Cruz, R.; Mega, A.; Vala, HelenaIntrodution: Studies on apoptosis have been described in several neoplasias. Apoptosis is a biological process of programmed cell death that, due to its important role in oncogenesis, may elucidate some aspects. Objective: Detection of apoptosis in canine mastocytoma to determine its relationship with histologic grading, apoptotic index and prognosis. Material and methods: 12 cases of canine mastocytoma, from the analytic files of the Laboratory of Anatomical Pathology of ESAV. Immunohistochemical methods were implemented, using pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, Bax and Bcl (Santa Cruz, Biotechnology). Results: All mastocytomas included in this study revealed a positive reaction to the tested antibodies, a more intense reaction was found to pro-apoptotic antibody Bax in comparison to the anti-apoptotic antibody Bcl-2. While Bax expression was more intense in grade I mastocytomas, Bcl-2 had a higher expression in grade III mastocytomas, and both, had a weaker expression in grade II. Conclusion: The decrease of Bax and increase of Bcl-2 expression in accordance with increasing histologic grade, suggests an extension in the life of tumor cells, an increase their number and, consequently, tumoral progression. Canine mastocytomas revealed sensitivity with Bax and Bcl-2 markers and may be applied to apoptotic studies in such tumors to consolidate prognosis in relationship to histologic grading.
- Citologias por aspiração, provenientes de nódulo na narina esquerda (sem envolvimento ósseo), de um canídeo da raça Labrador RetrieverPublication . Vala, Helena; Mesquita, J.; Esteves, F.; Domingues, A. P. C.; Cruz, R.; Santos, C.; Mega, A.O exame histopatológico permite o diagnóstico definitivo, com classificação definitiva e exata, numa percentagem elevada de casos, contudo o exame citológico por ser menos oneroso e rápido é muito adotado na prática clínica diária nos Centros de Atendimento Médico Veterinários, estando descrito como mais indicado em neoplasias sólidas, de origem epitelial, com estroma escasso, linfadenopatias e menos nas neoplasias mesenquimatosas, com estroma abundante, menos propícias à aspiração. Os autores pretendem apresentar o exame microscópico de três preparações citológicas, coradas com Diff-Quik, com o objetivo de fomentar a discussão e determinar o seu diagnóstico definitivo.
- Detection of apoptotic events, using different methods, in renal tissues after acute haemorrhagePublication . Vala, Helena; Cruz, R.; Venâncio, C.; Garcia, C.; Silva, A.; Mesquita, J.; Ortiz, A. L.; Ferreira, D.Introduction: Apoptosis plays an important role in cellular damage caused by acute renal hypoperfusion. The aim of this study was to detect apoptotic events in an animal model of acute haemorrhage, followed by volume replacement with different intravenous solutions. Materials and Methods: Renal samples were collected from animals submitted to passive arterial blood bleeding and reperfusion with a crystalloid (RL) (G1) and with a synthetic colloid (HES 130/0.4) (G2). All procedures were carried out under personal and project licenses approved by the Ethical Committee of the national regulatory office. Immunohistochemistry was performed, using cytochrome c antibody to detect mitochondrial activity and in situ TUNEL method to evaluate endonucleosomic cleavage of DNA by TdT. An immunofluorescence method, the M30 Cytodeath, was also used to detect early apoptotic events. Results: In all groups, apoptosis was detected in the epithelial tubular cells of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, in the loop of Henle and in the collecting tubules. However, the percentage of apoptotic cells and the intensity of reaction was significantly higher in G2. Conclusions: Apoptosis plays an important role in the cellular damage in renal tubules following acute haemorrhage and volume replacement. The type of solution used for volume replacement may influence the extent of renal damage resulting from this clinical situation. In the present study, the use of RL was related with decreased cytosolic cytochrome c and a lower apoptotic index in the tubular renal cells.
- Estudo casuístico de dermatites por reação de hipersensibilidade em cães e gatosPublication . Silva, S.; Peneda, S.; Cruz, R.; Vala, HelenaThe authors present a study of the dermatologic hipersensibilities distribution in companion animals, by sex, breed and age, based on the dermatologic casuistry of the Veterinary Hospital of Porto. Out of an approached total of 1177 dogs’s consultations, and 388 consultations in cats, 554 were dermatologic consultations in canine species and 109 in feline species. In dogs, 73 cases of hipersensibilities were diagnosed and in cats, 13 cases of cutaneous hipersensibilities were observed. In the canine species, the hipersensibility that obtained larger number of cases was Flea bite hypersensitivity, being followed by the Urticaria and Angioedema, Atopic Dermatitis and, for last, Food Hipersensibility. The feline species consulted in the hospital revealed larger incidence of Atopic Dermatitis, followed by Flea bite hipersensitivity and Food Hipersensibility