ESAV - DEAS - Capítulo em obra internacional, como autor
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- Agricultural Policies in India: Demands of Current RealitiesPublication . Martinho, VítorAny assessment of the agricultural sector and the respective policies worldwide increase its robustness if considering the Indian framework. In fact, India is a populous country in South Asia with great changes to meet the demand for food of its population. Some solutions have been discussed; however, the questions here are the relationships between the need for higher food production and the environmental impacts. The climate-smart agriculture (CSA) approaches may have some solutions; nonetheless, the threats brought by global warming are real and challenging. Taking into account India's food requirements, the contributions of agricultural policy are analysed to support the identification of solutions through a systematic review based on items with higher total link strength. As main conclusions, of referring the attention of the Indian agricultural policies with the new approaches of the CSA, water management, public health, agrobiodiversity, agricultural and policy transitions, trade liberalisation and the Asian green revolution.
- Applying Artificial Intelligence to Predict Crop OutputPublication . Martinho, VítorThe agricultural output has several parts, and depending on the characteristics of the farms, one of these parcels is related to crop production. Including in the crop output, the sources of these incomes are diverse. In any case, crop production has a fundamental role in the sustainability of the farms and society, as a source of income for the farmers and food for the population. In this context, it is important to understand the main factors that may support the stakeholders in predicting the crop output in the European Union farms. The main objective of this research is to identify the most adjusted models and the most important variables to predict crop income in the European Union context. For that, data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network were considered, as well as approaches associated with artificial intelligence. The main findings provide relevant insights and knowledge, namely for farmers and policymakers that may be considered in the processes of agricultural planning, management and policy design.
- Assessment of Forest Aboveground Biomass Stocks and Dynamics with Inventory Data, Remotely Sensed Imagery and GeostatisticsPublication . Viana, Helder Filipe dos Santos
- Benchmarking the European Union’s Digital Context with Those of Other Global Agricultural FrameworksPublication . Martinho, VítorThe digital transition is an unstoppable worldwide process; however, the constraints for its effective implementation are enormous and dependent on the internal context of each individual country and on the particularities of each economic sector. The availability of infrastructures and human capital qualification are, for example, some of the factors which influence a successful digital adoption. The context of the pandemic brought up more discussion concerning these issues and showed in real contexts the benefits and disadvantages of this new digital wave for our lives, professions and business organisation. Considering these motivations, it would seem interesting to analyse digital adoption on a global scale and its impacts on the agricultural sector. Therefore, data from the World Bank was considered, namely data related to the Digital Adoption Index and agricultural socioeconomic variables. This statistical information was first assessed through spatial approaches and later considering factor-cluster analyses methodologies and matrices of correlation. The findings obtained allow for the identification of clusters worldwide and to highlight relevant insights which may provide relevant bases for several stakeholders, including international institutions and the scientific community.
- Bibliometric Analysis on Era 4.0: Main Highlights for the Agricultural SectorPublication . Martinho, VítorNew realities created through contexts associated with climate change have brought about additional worldwide challenges specifically to deal with the needs of an increasing population without compromising any sustainable Development Goals. A better organisation of the agri-food chains through more efficient practices are the objectives for both national institutions and international organisations. The frameworks related to Era 4.0, namely those interlinked with Agriculture 4.0, Food 4.0 and Industry 4.0, may provide relevant contributions to these challenges. From this perspective, the intention of this study is to highlight bibliometric insights from the literature concerning Era 4.0 and agriculture. For that reason, a bibliometric analysis was carried out, considering bibliographic data, with documents obtained from the Web of Science and Scopus for the topics “agricultur* 4.0”, “agricultur* and food 4.0” and “agricultur* and industry 4.0”. The results obtained show that there are leading authors, organisations and countries in these subjects that may be considered as benchmarks for other researchers worldwide.
- Biopreparados agroecológicos como solução biológicaPublication . Simões, Joana; de Vasconcelos Teixeira Aguiar da Costa, Daniela; Costa, Cristina Amaro daNa sociedade atual, a sustentabilidade ambiental e social é uma preocupação crescente, em particular na produção de alimentos que se traduz na crescente procura por produtos seguros para os ecossistemas e para o consumidor final. A utilização de biopreparados, com base na (re)utilização de recursos naturais existentes na exploração, é uma parte integrante de sistemas produção agroecológicos. Estudaram se sete biopreparados agroecológicos no projeto RESTORE - biopReparados Em SisTemas prOdução agRoEcológicos [projeto UIDB/00681/2020] – vinagre de figo-da-índia, vinagre de beldroega, sumo fermentado de laranja, extrato de alho, infusão de urtiga, decocção de cavalinha e biopreparado de alho e malagueta. O trabalho consistiu em: aplicação de inquérito aos agricultores sobre biopreparados utilizados; seleção e produção, análise físico-química e microbiológica e avaliação de efeitos in vivo de biopreparados. Foram realizados 17 inquéritos a produtores, na região Centro. Os biopreparados foram selecionados a partir da informação dos agricultores. Em laboratório, procedeu-se à quantificação de compostos fenólicos totais, análise da capacidade antioxidante e a da inibição de atividade microbiana, em bactérias e fungos, em três momentos temporais diferentes e com base no tipo de conservação estabelecida: logo após a preparação do biopreparado; três e seis meses após a conservação em fresco e seis meses após conservação por congelação. Os ensaios de campo foram realizados em viveiros de alface, em estufa, desde a sementeira até à transplantação. O sumo fermentado de laranja e os vinagres apresentam os melhores resultados em composição fenólica e capacidade antioxidante. Em termos de inibição de atividade microbiológica, o biopreparado de alho e malagueta é o que demonstra uma inibição mais consistente. A decocção de cavalinha demonstra apresentar melhores resultados enquanto bioestimulante no cultivo de alface. É essencial dar continuidade a estudos de avaliação dos efeitos dos biopreparados para melhorar o conhecimento sobre os mesmos e os seus efeitos, bem como para fundamentar uma tomada de decisão mais adequada.
- Certificação de destinos turísticos sustentáveis: O caso do Arquipélago dos AçoresPublication . Pato, Maria Lúcia; Duque, Ana Sofia; Castillo, AlexandraO presente trabalho visa analisar o processo de certificação do arquipélago dos Açores, que em dezembro de 2019 entrou para a restrita lista de regiões certificadas pelo Conselho Global de Turismo Sustentável, passando a ser o primeiro arquipélago do mundo com o certificado de destino turístico sustentável. A metodologia utilizada no desenvolvimento deste trabalho combina a análise documental de planos estratégicos, notícias, relatórios e documentos oficiais, complementada com a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas a profissionais na área turística. Os resultados mostram que a projeção do desenvolvimento económico do arquipélago dos Açores define o turismo sustentável como um dos seus pilares estratégicos. A certificação do Conselho Global de Turismo Sustentável tem contribuído para a notoriedade e afirmação do destino turístico. Conclui-se, pois, que nos Açores o turismo sustentável tem assumido crescentemente um papel de relevo na dinamização da atividade socioeconómica e ambiental local.
- Changes Needed for a More Adjusted Agricultural Policy in Australia: Presenting SuggestionsPublication . Martinho, VítorAustralia is a determinant country in the reality of Oceania, and this justifies the importance of taking into account its framework in this study, specifically the dimensions associated with agriculture and agricultural policies. The heterogeneity of Australian natural conditions calls for specific policy instruments, which is particularly important in the current conditions of climate changes and world economic instability. In these contexts, it seems pertinent to highlight the main Australian policy measures (to benchmark with other strategies worldwide) and to present suggestions for a design of agricultural policies more adjusted to the Australian frameworks. The agricultural policies are powerful ways to promote directly and indirectly structural and technological changes. For that, a systematic review based on bibliometric metrics was performed. As main findings, of highlighting the importance given, in terms of agricultural policy, to multifunctionality, biosecurity, agricultural governance, rural development and globalisation.
- Characterisation of the European Union Meat Sector Before and After the PandemicPublication . Martinho, VítorFor the food security and food sovereignty of each country, the meat sector plays a determinant role. Nonetheless, on the other hand, to mitigate the carbon impacts, some national and international institutions suggest reductions in meat production and consumption. This chapter proposes to highlight the evolution of this sector after the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from Eurostat were considered over the period January 2017 – September 2022 for the following variables related to slaughtering in slaughterhouses in the European Union countries: bovine meat, pig meat, meat of sheep and goats, and poultry meat. The greatest average values for the European Union context over the period considered were found for the pig meat, followed by the poultry meat, bovine meat, and meat of sheep and goats, respectively. The pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict seem to have reduced implications here
- Characteristics of Farms in the European Union: Relationships Between Energy Costs and Other VariablesPublication . Martinho, VítorThe very characteristics of agriculture call for specific attention when it comes to the evolution of this sector across the globe. In fact, this is a sector which produces essential products to meet basic human needs, but usually requires public intervention, through agricultural policies, to avoid an unbalanced evolution between demand and supply having consequences on market prices. This is because agricultural policies are so famous across the world and specifically in the European Union, in the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy. On the other hand, the great diversity of agricultural realities among regions calls for specific strategies to be adjusted to local particularities. In addition, climate change and global warming bring new challenges, namely in the use of critical resources (because of their scarcity and environmental impacts), such as energy and water. In this context, it would seem pertinent to assess the interrelationships between energy use in European Union farms and other farming variables, namely to identify how the energy consumption is affected by other dimensions in the sector. For this purpose, data from the European Union Farm Accountancy Data Network were considered for the period 2013–2018. This statistical information was first explored through descriptive analysis and then with matrices of correlation. As main insights, it is important to note that energy costs increased, on average over the period considered, by 2.7%. On the other hand, farms with a higher level of intensification and higher energy costs are those that receive more subsidies.