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- Healthy Eating – A Case Study Involving Participants From Different CountriesPublication . de Pinho Ferreira Guiné, Raquel; Florença, Sofia de Guiné ePeople need to eat for physiological reasons, to ensure a proper body functioning of the cells and organs. Nevertheless, what people eat and what they choose to eat is not only influences by a basic necessity of the body, and is determines by many other factors of personal or social nature. The purpose of this study was to investigate motivation for eating healthy food in a large sample of individual from different nationalities. The data were collected through an online survey and the participants had to express their agreement towards some sentences related to factors that could influence people’s food choices towards a healthy diet. These aspects were investigated in the following 16 countries: Argentina, Brazil, Croatia, Egypt, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Romania, United States of America, and a total number of 11960 participants were included in the global sample. The results identified expressive differences between the participants from the countries involved in the study. While Egyptian participants attend more to concerns related to food safety and hygiene when they choose foods, Portuguese participants attribute greater scores for food that keep them healthy and low fat diets that are rich in vitamin and minerals, Romanian participants tend to value healthy and balanced diets and avoid food additives, Slovenians avoid processed foods for their lower nutritional quality and Lithuanians avoid genetically modified foods. This research clearly showed how different geographical locations and socio-cultural environments contribute to shape peoples’ motivations to consume healthy foods. As so, it is important to adapt healthy food policies and campaigns to effectively communicate with different types of people and contribute to promote changes towards healthier diets diminishing the economic and social burdens of disease.
- EATMOT Project: Determinants of Healthy Food Choices – Study Involving 16 CountriesPublication . Guiné, Raquel; Rumbak, I.; Sarix, M. M.The EATMOT Project is a multinational study that was carried out in 16 countries focusing on different eating motivations, taking into account their recognized importance in the definition of people’s dietary patterns. The act of eating is not only determined by physiology such as body needs of nutrients and energy, but also by many other factors that interact in a complex way to shape individual eating habits. Hence, the aim of this project was to investigate the different types of motivations that determine people’s eating patterns, either in relation to their choices or eating habits. To do this, factors linked to food choices were evaluated in the following main areas: health motivations; economic factors; emotional aspects; cultural influences; marketing and commercials or environmental concerns. The study was based on a questionnaire that was prepared purposely for the project, and dully validated. The countries involved in the study were: Argentina, Brazil, Croatia, Egypt, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal (Coordinator), Serbia, Slovenia, Romania and United States of America. The collected results included 11,960 validated respondents, whose data was used to characterize the eating motivations in different parts of the world, including those linked with healthy eating. These results are valuable allies to shape interventions aimed at motivating people towards healthier diets. In the modern era, individuals have been increasingly recognizing the concept of dietary health, and therefore the group and individualized guidance on nutritional and healthy eating habits are becoming more relevant.
- Health effects and safety risks associated with edible insects: Insights from Portugal and RomaniaPublication . Guiné, Raquel P. F.; Florença, Sofia De Guiné E; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Correia, Paula; Tarcea, MonicaBackground: Edible insects (EI) are consumed in many parts of the world since immemorial times, while in other regions some consumers fell some discomfort or neophobia towards insects. However, they are a good source of animal proteins of high quality and other bioactive components with potential beneficial effects for the human health. Aim: The objective of this work was to compare the level of information of consumers in two European countries about the health effects of EI, including those beneficial and some possible hazards. Method: This descriptive transversal study was carried out by questionnaire survey in different countries, by online tools. For this specific study, data were collected in Portugal and Romania, only to adult citizens. Data were treated using SPSS statistical software. Results and discussion: The results showed significant differences between Romanian and Portuguese participants about most of the items included in the questionnaire. Specifically, it was found that the Portuguese were more informed about the existence of regulations to guarantee food safety of EI, that EI collected from the wild can be contaminated with pesticide residues, while the Romanian were more informed about the use of EI in traditional medicine and their approval in some countries as therapeutics, also about the possibility of EI being infected by pathogens or parasites, and about them being potential sources of allergens or containing aflatoxins. Conclusion: This work revealed that there is a significant differences between the knowledge regarding health effects of EI, according to geographical region, even among European countries.
- Characteristics of enrichment of fresh pasta with bee drone broods flourPublication . Correia, Paula; Teixeira, G; Silva, A; Guiné, Raquel P. F.; Moitinho, A; Pitacas, I; C. Goncalves, J.Background: The fortification of staple food is one of the goals of modern technologies. Aim: In this study, preparation of pasta replacing wheat semolina flour with drone brood flours, rich in protein (27-38%), was tested. Method: The drone brood flour (DF) was obtained by the cold (CE) and hot (HE) extraction processes. After several trials, it was possible to incorporate 10% DFCE, and 20% DFHE. Pastas were evaluated in terms of its technological characteristics (optimum cooking time, cooking losses, swelling index), physical characteristics (colour and texture), chemical characteristics (nutritional composition) and sensory characteristics, and compared with a control pasta (0% dwarf flour). Results and discussion: The addition of DF increased the optimum cooking time, cooking loss and swelling index. The water absorption increased in the case of 10% DFCE pasta. The incorporation of DFCE caused a darker final product, however the incorporation of DFCE resulted in a slightly lighter product when compared to the control sample. In general, the addition of DF led to an increase in the hardness of pastas, particularly in the 20% DFHE samples. Moreover, pasta with added DF had a higher protein and ash content, thus increasing its nutritional quality. Sensorially, the DF pastas had an overall appreciation and a preferential purchase intention by the tasters, standing out in terms of the intensity of colour and aroma compared to the control pasta. Conclusion: DF is a promising ingredient in pasta production, contributing to human health and at the same time promoting economic returns.
- Milk consumption: comparison between Portuguese and French consumersPublication . Guiné, Raquel P. F.; Florença, Sofia De Guiné EBackground: Milk has been consumed since immemorial times by humans as a way to provide essential nutrients from infancy to adulthood. Humans consume milk from different animals, like sheep, goat, camel or buffalo, but cow milk is by far the most consumed. Aim: this work intended to focus on the consumption of milk among citizens form two European countries, Portugal and France. Method: This study was undertaken questionnaire survey, distributed online among citizens from France and Portugal, following all ethical principles. Data were collected only from adult citizens after informed consent. Results and discussion: A high percentage of participants in both countries regularly consume milk, on a daily dose varying from 125 to 250 mL. Some participants in both counties do not consume milk because they do not feel the need to. Additionally, a high number of French participants do not consume milk because they don’t like it, while in Portugal a high percentage do not consume due to reported lactose intolerance. The participants in both countries tend to consume semi-skimmed milk more often than other types of milk. Finally, significant differences were observed for the consumption of white brands, being these preferred in France, while in Portugal consumers tend to adopt more frequently the commercial brands. Conclusion: The results obtained allowed concluding that there are some common aspects regarding the milk consumption patterns among the participants form the two countries, but also highlighted some differences, that are relevant to better plan public policies in both countries.
- Valorizar a Horta Familiar ed Forma a Educar para uma Dieta Mediterrânica, Saudável e SustentávelPublication . Amaral, Ana L.; Simões, Joana; Gomes, Diana; Bandeira, Cristina; Costa, Daniela; Guiné, Raquel; Esteves Correia, Helena; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da- Valorizar a Horta Familiar de forma a educar para uma hortas familiares rurais e urbanas e o papel das mulheres agricultoras para a economia familiar, para a manutenção de uma dieta mediterrânica saudável e sustentável e para a valorização dos produtos locais. Nesse sentido, numa primeira fase foi implementado um inquérito por questionário no contexto da agricultura familiar e em hortas urbanas e comunitárias em várias regiões do país, de modo a retratar o papel da horta familiar em Portugal e para responder a diversos aspetos como: destino da produção (venda, autoconsumo, oferta, outros), conservação e transformação de alimentos, papel da mulher agricultora na horta e divisão do trabalho doméstico e agrícola e perceção do impacto da horta na saúde da família. Foram realizados, em 2024, 35 inquéritos na Região de Viseu. Os resultados deste trabalho reforçam o papel da horta para o autoconsumo familiar e a importância da mulher na gestão familiar e da horta, na alimentação da família, na gestão de recursos, na transformação de produtos e no combate ao desperdício de alimentos.
- Acheta Domesticus - Novel food ingredient: influence on cereal products quality and aclylamide contentPublication . Bartkiene, E.; Klupsaite, D.; Starkute, V.; Mockus, E.; Cernauskas, D.; Rocha, J. M.; Ozogul, F.; Guiné, RaquelIn some countries, the use of insects as food is traditional. However, in Europe, this alternative source of nutrients is still new, and consumers react differently to this offer. With the regulation of some raw materials prepared from insects in Europe, a need has arisen for their adaptation in the food industry. Today it is important to understand that consumers in Europe are not ready to choose insects as a main food source. However, the inclusion of raw materials prepared from insects into traditional food product formulas could be promising. Despite the fact that raw materials prepared from insects are considered to be of high biological value, when incorporating them into traditional food formulas, it is important to control not only the nutritional value and sensory properties of the final product, but also to anticipate what undesirable changes may occur during technological processes. One of such undesirable phenomena could be the assumption that enriching cereal products with raw materials high in protein might influence changes in the concentration of Maillard reaction products. We decided to start our research with an assessment of the acceptability of newly proposed raw materials – insects - by consumers. In the following stages, Acheta domesticus flour (unfermented and fermented with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum No. 122 and Lacticaseibacillus casei No. 210 strains) was used to enrich bread and biscuits, and their impact on product quality parameters and acrylamide concentration was assessed. Additionally, various parameters of unfermented and fermented Acheta domesticus flour were evaluated (pH, lactic acid bacteria count, color coordinates, fatty acid, volatile compound, and biogenic amine concentration). The tested product groups were prepared by adding to the main recipe different quantities of unfermented and fermented Acheta domesticus flour (into the main wheat bread formula - 10, 20, 30%; into the main biscuits formula (280 g of wheat flour, 100 g of margarine, 50 g of saccharose, 3 g of vanilla sugar, 50 g of eggs, 1.5 g of salt and 2.0 g of baking powder - 40, 80, and 100 g). An assessment of the acceptability of insects by consumers showed that 70.7% of the respondents had never eaten insects. A fermentation experiment demonstrated that in most cases, fermentation reduced the biogenic amine concentration in Acheta domesticus flour and influenced the volatile compound profile in both Acheta domesticus flour and cereal products (wheat bread and biscuits). Most of the wheat bread sample groups prepared with untreated and fermented Acheta domesticus flour showed higher acrylamide content compared to the control bread group, except for the group with 10% fermented Acheta domesticus flour. However, the opposite tendency was found for biscuit samples. The lowest acrylamide concentration (84.1 µg kg-1) was observed in biscuit samples containing 40 g of No. 210 fermented Acheta domesticus flour.Due to the decrease in acrylamide concentration in biscuits, fermented Acheta domesticus flour can be recommended for the manufacture of such products. For wheat bread preparation, 10% fermented Acheta domesticus flour is recommended, as most wheat bread sample groups prepared with untreated and fermented Acheta domesticus flour showed higher acrylamide content compared to the control bread sample groups.
- Insetos comestíveis como um alimento nutritivo e sustentávelPublication . Florença, Sofia De Guiné E; Guiné, Raquel; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Correia, Paula; Bartkiene, Elena; Matec Saric, MarijanaAtendendo a que os insetos säo consumidos desde tempos imemoriais por algumas comunidades em vários países do mundo, e que säo recomendados pela FAO como uma fonte mais sustentável de proteína animal quando comparada com outras carnes, como por exemplo, vaca, porco ou frango, tern-se vindo a observar uma tendência de aumento do consumo de insetos comestiveis (IC) mesmo em paises onde tal näo era tradiçäo. Assim, este estudo reporta-se a uma investigaçäo por questionário feita em diferentes países, e que aborda o nível de conhecimentos dos participantes sobre o valor nutricional dos IC. A recolha de dados ocorreu em três paises europeus, Portugal, Lituânia e Croácia. Os resultados mostraram diferenças entre os paises na forma como os participantes responderam às 10 questões colocadas sobre aspetos ligados à nutriçäo de IC, com diferenşas significativas para todas as questões. A associaçäo mais forte foi encontrada para a questäo relacionada com o conteúdo dos IC em fibra dietética, e a questäo em que os participantes, na globalidade, revelaram mais conhecimento foi a relacionada com o elevado conteúdo em proteína dos IC. Em suma, o trabalho desenvolvido mostrou que embora os três paises considerados sejam todos europeus, existem diferenças muito relevantes em relaçäo à forma como os cidadäos estäo informados sobre o valor nutritivo dos IC, sendo que esta informaçäo poderá ser útil para delinear estratégias de informaçäo levando os cidadäos a terem uma maior aceitaçäo dos IC como um alimento sustentável e nutritivo.
- Perceções sobre a produção e comercialização de insetos comestíveis e seu papel no desenvolvimento em comunidades ruraisPublication . Guiné, Raquel; Florença, Sofia De Guiné E; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Correia, Paula; Lopes, Luísa P. Cruz; Esteves, BrunoOs insetos comestíveis (IC) têm vindo a ser promovidos a nível global como uma forma de diversificar a ingestão de alimentos ricos em proteína de origem animal, devido às suas vantagens em termos de sustentabilidade e impacto ambiental. Porém, a sua criação e comercialização, pode também ser vista como uma forma de promover a sustentabilidade económica de famílias e comunidades rurais. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo focar-se nos aspetos económicos e socais associados aos IC. Para tal foi realizada uma investigação por questionário, a participantes residentes em Portugal, através de resposta on-line, numa amostra constituída por 527 participantes. Os resultados mostraram que os participantes reconhecem que os IC podem contribuir para aumentar o rendimento de famílias mais vulneráveis, que em alguns países a criação de insetos está a tornar-se um fator chave na luta contra a pobreza rural, mas também que o rendimento gerado pelos insetos pode ser afetado pelas flutuações de preço do mercado e disponibilidade. Por outro lado, a maioria dos Portugueses desconhece que já podem ser encontrados à venda em supermercados nacionais produtos contendo insetos comestíveis. Em conclusão, este trabalho mostrou algumas perceções e tendências que podem ser úteis para levar criadores Portugueses a investir nesta área.
- Análise agroecológica de caroços de cereja liquefeitos utilizando FTIR-ATRPublication . Dulyanska, Y.; Esteves, Bruno; Guiné, Raquel; Ferreira, José; Domingos, Idalina; Lopes, Rogério; Lima, Maria; Correia, Paula; Fragata, Anabela; Ferreira, Manuela; Barroca, Maria João; Silva, Aida; Lopes, Luísa P. CruzA agroecologia, combina princípios ecológicos com práticas agrícolas, tem ganho crescente relevância no desenvolvimento de práticas sustentáveis. Esta área valoriza não apenas a produção eficiente de alimentos, mas também a utilização responsável e inovadora dos resíduos agrícolas. Neste contexto, a análise de produtos derivados de cultivos frutícolas, como a caroço de cereja (Prunus avium L.), mostra ser uma área promissora para a identificação de novas estratégias de valor acrescentado. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o material liquefeito de caroço de cereja doce (Prunus avium L.) e apresentar novas estratégias de valor acrescentado para as possíveis transformações deste produto. Utilizando a espectroscopia FTIR-ATR, foram investigados tanto o material liquefeito quanto os resíduos sólidos resultantes destas liquefações, além do material original de Prunus avium L. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o material original e o resíduo sólido liquefeito apresentam espectros semelhantes, enquanto as principais diferenças foram observadas entre o material original e o material liquefeito. Estas diferenças indicam potenciais caminhos para o aproveitamento eficiente e sustentável dos resíduos, promovendo a valorização de subprodutos agrícolas e contribuindo para um modelo de produção mais ecológico e economicamente viável. Desta forma, este estudo insere-se na linha de pesquisas que visam fortalecer a sustentabilidade na agricultura, através da inovação e da otimização dos resíduos agrícolas.