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- Business Productivity and the Adoption of Lean and Industry 4.0 Tools: A Regional StudyPublication . Guimarães, André; Rosivalda Pereira; Pereira, Marisa; Pereira,Maria TeresaThis study investigates the relationship between the adoption levels of Lean and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) tools and business productivity among 140 industrial companies in the Central Region of Portugal. Lean and I4.0 adoption indices were constructed and categorized into tertiles. Productivity data were retrieved from the SABI database. Statistical analysis using non-parametric methods revealed a marginally significant association between Lean tool adoption and productivity (Kruskal-Wallis H(2) = 5.30, p = 0.071), indicating a positive trend. In contrast, a statistically significant relationship was found for Industry 4.0 adoption (H(2) = 8.39, p = 0.015, Dunn’s p = 0.039), with companies with low adoption levels underperforming those with medium and high levels. No significant productivity differences were observed by firm size (p = 0.154). These findings highlight the relevance of Lean and I4.0 tools as productivity drivers, regardless of company size, and underscore the importance of promoting structured digital and operational transformation strategies in low digital maturity regions.
- Modified Delphi Method for Insights on Digital Transformation in Asset ManagementPublication . Messias, Samuel; Guimarães, André; Raposo, Hugo; Estácio Marques Mendes Gaspar, Daniel AugustoA utilização de um método de avaliação e de validação é de extrema importância para credibilizar e fortalecer a aceitação de conclusões sobre um determinado tema. Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever a adaptação da técnica Delphi no processo de validação do conteúdo de um questionário sobre a Transformação Digital na Gestão de Ativos. No estudo, participaram 25 especialistas da indústria portuguesa com experiência em Gestão de Ativos e Transformação Digital. O questionário abrangeu os seguintes temas: Gestão de Ativos, Transformação Digital, norma NP EN 55001, sistemas de informação e o ciclo de vida dos ativos. Adicionalmente, foram abordados os modelos de maturidade relacionados com a Gestão de Ativos e a Transformação Digital. Para a avaliação do nível de maturidade na Gestão de Ativos, foi utilizado o modelo do IAM (Institute of Asset Management), enquanto para a avaliação do nível de maturidade digital foi utilizado o modelo VDMA/IMPULS. A técnica Delphi aplicada foi modificada para se adequar ao formato de um questionário, sendo realizada numa única ronda pelos especialistas. Os resultados mostraram uma taxa de resposta de 72%. Os especialistas chegaram a um consenso sobre as 15 perguntas apresentadas, com 10 questões validadas por unanimidade e bem classificadas, juntamente com algumas sugestões de melhoria, enquanto 5 questões não obtiveram tanto consenso. Para a classificação e avaliação, foi utilizada a escala de Likert de 1 a 5, onde “1 — Nada relevante” e “5 — Extremamente relevante”. Esta técnica Delphi modificada permitiu perceber tendências e vetores futuros na Gestão de Ativos e na Transformação Digital. O método Delphi contribuiu para o aprimoramento da formulação do questionário, sendo esta uma etapa intermediária num processo de validação iterativo. A opinião dos especialistas possibilitou a obtenção de feedbacks construtivos para a validação das questões e da estrutura do questionário a ser utilizado.
- Digital Maturity In Industry 4.0: A Bibliometric Review of Evaluation Models for Small and Medium EnterprisesPublication . Guimarães, André; Reis, Pedro; Charrua-Santos, FernandoThe present study, utilizing bibliometric techniques, aimed to structure and analyze the existing scientific literature on Digital Maturity Assessment Models for Industry 4.0, explicitly focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Despite digital transformation not being a new phenomenon, it continues to be a crucial and relevant concept, significantly impacting SMEs and presenting a valuable opportunity for their integration into the global economy. This research involved a comprehensive review of the scientific literature and a bibliometric analysis to uncover key trends and insights in this field. The study identified the primary research trends and highlighted the ten most influential articles based on citation count and publication frequency. Furthermore, it pinpointed the most cited authors, offering greater clarity on the development level of SMEs in their integration and preparation for the Industry 4.0 paradigm. This analysis provides valuable insights into SMEs’ current state and future directions of digital maturity, facilitating their transition into a more technologically advanced and competitive environment.
- AI-Powered Data Management to Optimize Data Collection and Processing in a Painting LaboratoryPublication . Pereira, Maria Teresa Ribeiro; Pereira, Marisa João Guerra; Tavares, Miguel Guedes; Guimarães, André; Vilarinho, HermilioIndustrial laboratories often remain under-digitized compared to production lines, creating a gap between data acquisition and analytical intelligence, critical for advanced quality control. This study addresses this gap by proposing and validating a novel framework that combines Low-Code digitalisation tools with Machine Learning (ML) and Causal Inference to optimise data collection and analysis in an automotive painting laboratory. A Microsoft Power Apps-based platform was developed in order to digitalise all measurement records, eliminating manual transcription errors (previously ≈ 40.01%) and reducing data-handling time by up to 34% of an operator’s shift, while enabling centralised, traceable storage and Power BI integration. Four datasets were used to assess predictive capacity with Random Forest, XGBoost and Neural Networks; Random Forest consistently provided the most stable results—Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.972, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 16.45%, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 1.307. Causal models (Linear Regression, DoWhy, Causal Forest, Double Machine Learning) consistently identified ultrafiltrate I solid content of the electrodeposition process as a dominant causal factor for defects. This study provides a novel framework that bridges digitalisation and ML-based causal reasoning in laboratory settings, offering a scalable approach that can be extended and replicated in other industrial sectors, aiming to develop smart, data-driven quality control systems.
- Development of a Polymer Shredder: Recycling Waste from 3D PrintersPublication . Lopes, João; Samuel Messias; Guimarães, André; salgueiro marques, José Manuel Neto; Estácio Marques Mendes Gaspar, Daniel AugustoThe increasing use of 3D printers has heightened the need for sustainable solutions to manage the polymeric waste generated, such as PLA. This study presents the development of an innovative shredder capable of processing 3D printing waste and transforming it into reusable granules for the production process. The project involved the design of a knife mill, adapted for PLA, with blades offset by 30°, ensuring efficient distribution of cutting forces and reducing stress on the components. Critical components, such as blades, shafts, and motor, were dimensioned using precise calculations to determine cutting force, torque, and material resistance. The system was validated through finite element analysis (FEA), ensuring structural robustness and an adequate safety factor. The system allows for the adjustment of granule size using sieves with different calibers, making it adaptable to process requirements. It also includes safety devices that ensure reliable operation and protect the operators. The equipment proved versatile and capable of processing common polymers such as ABS, PETG, and PA. The results confirm that the shredder is a practical, efficient, and sustainable solution, contributing to the circular economy and reducing the environmental impact of 3D printing. In the future, improvements in design and automation could enhance its scalability and facilitate integration into industrial processes.
- Implementation of Autonomous Mobile Robots in Intralogistics: Simulations in a Case StudyPublication . Guimarães, André; Silva A.; Teixeira J.; Gomes F.; Martins S.Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) are increasingly being integrated into intralogistics operations, playing a pivotal role in material handling within the Industry 4.0 framework. In this context, a central unit oversees programming and planning decisions, while AMRs independently communicate and negotiate with other resources, such as machines and systems, decentralizing decision-making processes. These advancements have significantly impacted traditional methods and decision-making processes for planning and control. This study analyzes the use of simulation to evaluate AMRs in supplying XYZ factory assembly lines, with a view toward future implementation on the factory floor. Beyond comparisons, the study aims to assess AMR performance to determine their feasibility and provide analytical validation. Various simulation models were developed using SIMIO software to achieve these goals, followed by iterative adaptations and testing through simulation. The findings provide valuable insights into the role of AMRs in Industry 4.0- based production networks. They offer production managers practical guidance for determining optimal configurations and evaluating the performance impacts of AMR-based production networks compared to traditional assembly lines.
- Vitiviniculture, environment and biodiversity: sustainability actionsPublication . Figueiredo, Antonio; Rodrigues, António; Vicente, Margarida; Antunes, Maria JoséThe rational use of resources is currently a widely discussed topic in any organization, although it takes on greater importance in those of productive scope. Measures of different levels − strategic, tactical or operational − are increasingly being implemented, so it is pertinent to analyze their effect on the distinct dimensions of sustainability: environmental, economic and social. Any strategic process must go through those that are considered the four crucial stages: analysis, formulation, implementation and control. The perfect knowledge of the environment and its emerging needs and concerns along with an in-depth survey of the internal situation of the organizations will allow us to achieve truly differentiating levels of excellence. This research, carried out in a wine-producing organization – Adega Cooperativa de Mangualde – identifies its crucial activities, the main strategic, tactical and operational actions that have been implemented in the last eight years, fits them into the above-mentioned dimensions of ustainability and determines its relative weights. Particular emphasis is placed on grapes suppliers − the capital holders −, as regards their mode of production and its impact on biodiversity and the environment. Raising public awareness of this issue is of great importance and people should be encouraged to alter their behaviour by changing some attitudes in everyday life. This awareness to achieve sustainable development becomes even more important insofar as it is a cooperative institution with a management model of well-defined specific characteristics.